就业压力知觉量表的编制与青年人就业压力的调查
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摘要
就业问题是中国社会的重大社会问题之一。“十二五”规划也首次将解决就业问题提升至战略高度。本研究从当前国情出发,提出青年人就业压力状况存在严峻的可能性。通过广泛查阅与借鉴前人的研究经验,编制了就业压力知觉量表,含职业素质、工作期望、求职风险、求职准备四个维度。通过信效度检验,证明其达到了心理测量学要求。运用自编的就业压力知觉量表与引进的简式心智健康量表对高校毕业生青年及高中及以下学历青年的就业压力知觉及心智健康状况进行了调查。研究发现:1.青年人就业压力知觉整体偏高但心智健康整体偏好;2.就业压力知觉和心智健康均存在明显的群体特征;3.就业压力是以一种慢性温和的压力方式侵蚀个体健康。最后结合研究结果及国外相关领域的发展情况,提出大力发展职业指导事业是长期缓解就业压力的有效途径。
The job-searching problem is one of the major social problems of China's society.Implement a Strategy of Jobs First is newly proposed in The Twelfth Five-Year Plan forNational Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China. FromChina's actual conditions, job-searching stress of young people being servere likely wasraised. After analysing researches existed, a new measure of the Perceived Job-searchingStress was developed. Perceived Job-searching Stress is a multidimensional construct withthe following4facets: professional quality, job expectations, job-searching risk, andjob-searching preparation. Validated by several evidences, Perceived Job-searching StressScale(PJSSS) achieved rich psychometric properties. Then a study was did by using PJSSSand Mental Health Continuum Short Form(MHC-SF).Results indicate that:1.Job-searching stress of young people was high and mental health of young people wasgood;2. Job-searching stress and mental health differed among young groups;3.Job-searching stress is a Chronic Mild Stress(CMS). Associated with lots of researches inand abroad, developing Career Guidance was put forward as a long-term effective sulotionto ease job-searching stress.
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