知识产权的伦理经济学问题研究
摘要
知识产权,是指权利人对其所创作的智力劳动成果所享有的专有权利,一般只在有限时间期内有效,主要包括著作权(版权)、专利权、商标权、商业秘密权。各种智力创造如发明、文学和艺术作品,以及在商业中使用的标志、名称、图像、外观设计,都是个人或组织所拥有的知识产权。
随着知识经济的到来,知识产权越来越成为一个国家、企业财富和竞争能力的重要标志。它是一种十分重要的经济资源,虽然是一种无形财产,但是其价值不仅可以用货币来衡量,甚至比有形财产更重要。
因此知识产权成为了当代国际社会关注的焦点问题之一,保护知识产权也逐渐成为国际社会的共同要求。尽管几乎所有国家里都建立起了知识产权制度,但仍有人对其合理性有所质疑。而知识产权保护在具体运作中也遇到了一些疑难困惑,这些疑难困惑归根结底源于人们对伦理原则的不同选择。因此有必要探究知识产权制度的伦理基础,以及在保护中涉及的其他伦理问题。
另外由于社会伦理规范是在人类社会长期生产生活实践活动中形成的,一项伦理规范要被社会成员接受,除了要符合人文的、信仰的要求,首先要符合经济学原则,否则不能长期持续下去。比如不少民族的传统伦理规范不断消亡,而新的伦理规范又不断产生,其根本原因就是经济规律在起作用。
本文从伦理经济学的角度分析知识产权的相关问题,兼顾伦理(德性)和经济(理性)两方面。
Intellectual property refers to the right people on the intellectual work results in the creation of the exclusive rights of generally valid for a limited time period only, including the copyright (or copyrights), patent, trademark, trade secret rights. Various intellectual creation such as inventions, literary and artistic works, as well as in the commercial use of symbols, names, images, designs, intellectual property rights are owned by individuals or organizations.
With the advent of the knowledge economy, intellectual property rights has increasingly become a nation, important symbols of wealth and competitiveness of enterprises. It is a very important economic resource, while is a kind of intangible property, but its value can not only be measured by money, even more important than the tangible property. Intellectual property rights became the focus of one of the problems of contemporary international society, protection of intellectual property rights are gradually becoming common requirements of the international community. While almost all countries have established the intellectual property system, but there are still people on the question of rationality. And intellectual property protection in the operation also had some difficult puzzles, ultimately originate from these difficult puzzles on the ethical principles of different choices. It was necessary to explore the ethical foundation of intellectual property systems, and other ethical issues involved in the protection.
Because of social and ethical regulations are formed in long production life practice activity of human society, a code of ethics to be members of the society to accept, in addition to meet the requirements of humanity, faith, first of all, to comply with the principles of Economics, will not be sustainable. Such as traditional ethics norm of many peoples continue to die, and the new code of ethics is constantly producing, its root causes are economic laws at work.
This article from the perspective of ethics and economics analysis of issues related to intellectual property, taking into account the ethical (moral) and economic (rational) two aspects.
随着知识经济的到来,知识产权越来越成为一个国家、企业财富和竞争能力的重要标志。它是一种十分重要的经济资源,虽然是一种无形财产,但是其价值不仅可以用货币来衡量,甚至比有形财产更重要。
因此知识产权成为了当代国际社会关注的焦点问题之一,保护知识产权也逐渐成为国际社会的共同要求。尽管几乎所有国家里都建立起了知识产权制度,但仍有人对其合理性有所质疑。而知识产权保护在具体运作中也遇到了一些疑难困惑,这些疑难困惑归根结底源于人们对伦理原则的不同选择。因此有必要探究知识产权制度的伦理基础,以及在保护中涉及的其他伦理问题。
另外由于社会伦理规范是在人类社会长期生产生活实践活动中形成的,一项伦理规范要被社会成员接受,除了要符合人文的、信仰的要求,首先要符合经济学原则,否则不能长期持续下去。比如不少民族的传统伦理规范不断消亡,而新的伦理规范又不断产生,其根本原因就是经济规律在起作用。
本文从伦理经济学的角度分析知识产权的相关问题,兼顾伦理(德性)和经济(理性)两方面。
Intellectual property refers to the right people on the intellectual work results in the creation of the exclusive rights of generally valid for a limited time period only, including the copyright (or copyrights), patent, trademark, trade secret rights. Various intellectual creation such as inventions, literary and artistic works, as well as in the commercial use of symbols, names, images, designs, intellectual property rights are owned by individuals or organizations.
With the advent of the knowledge economy, intellectual property rights has increasingly become a nation, important symbols of wealth and competitiveness of enterprises. It is a very important economic resource, while is a kind of intangible property, but its value can not only be measured by money, even more important than the tangible property. Intellectual property rights became the focus of one of the problems of contemporary international society, protection of intellectual property rights are gradually becoming common requirements of the international community. While almost all countries have established the intellectual property system, but there are still people on the question of rationality. And intellectual property protection in the operation also had some difficult puzzles, ultimately originate from these difficult puzzles on the ethical principles of different choices. It was necessary to explore the ethical foundation of intellectual property systems, and other ethical issues involved in the protection.
Because of social and ethical regulations are formed in long production life practice activity of human society, a code of ethics to be members of the society to accept, in addition to meet the requirements of humanity, faith, first of all, to comply with the principles of Economics, will not be sustainable. Such as traditional ethics norm of many peoples continue to die, and the new code of ethics is constantly producing, its root causes are economic laws at work.
This article from the perspective of ethics and economics analysis of issues related to intellectual property, taking into account the ethical (moral) and economic (rational) two aspects.
引文
[1]曹新明.知识产权制度伦理性初探[J].江西社会科学,2005,7,39-45.
[2]邢若齐.知识产权保护中的社会伦理学问题初探[J].中华医学科研管理杂志,2002,2,81-82.
[3]彭立静.知识产权的伦理探究[D].2001.
[4]彭立静.知识产权伦理研究[D].2009.
[5]刘新.网络经济中知识产权问题的伦理思考[J].十堰职业技术学院学报,2007,20,37-39.
[6]范晓波.知识产权价值决定[J].知识产权,2005,10.
[7]王景,朱利.知识产权对微观经济的作用机理研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2004,3.
[8]马莉莉.知识产权法演进及社会属性的经济学分析[J].西安财经学院学报,2008,2.
[9]王万山.软件产权法律保护“度”的经济学分析[J].理论与探索,2004,6.
[10]何华.知识产权意识的制度经济学分析[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2007,6.
[11]王爱华.实施知识产权保护的新制度经济学分析[J].科技情报开发与经济,2009,19.
[13]周纪恩.WTO框架下知识产权保护的经济学分析----博弈论角度[J].世界经济情况,2008,9.
[14]丁晓钦.知识产权保护的国际政治经济学分析[J].马克思主义研究,2008,1.
[15]温芽清.新中国知识产权制度变迁的经济学分析[J].广东商学院学报,2009,3.
[16]李正生.中国知识产权保护的经济学思考[J].经济体制改革,2007,5.
[17]窦炎国.经济伦理与伦理经济[J].道德与文明,2001,4.
[18]章海山.略论伦理经济[J].伦理学研究,2006,1.
[19]周俊敏.伦理的经济学分析[J].湖湘论坛,2008,1.
[20][德]彼得·科斯洛夫斯基.伦理经济学原理[M].孙瑜译.北京：中国社会科学出版社,1997.
[21]齐爱民.论知识霸权——以国家知识产权战略的制定和实施为视角[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,2.
[22]李伦.“数字困境”与网络知识产权伦理[N].中国教育报,2009-1-7(3)
[23]何玉梅.网络环境下知识产权保护的经济学分析[J].商业研究,2002,12.
[24]周中之.当代中国经济伦理学研究的进程和趋势[J].上海师范大学学报(社会科学版),2001,30.
[25]周帼.论市场经济与伦理之互维[J].经济师,2009,9.
[26]宋雪艳.研究产权伦理的现实意义[J].沿海企业与科技,2009,2.
[27]牛俊美,陈爱华.科学知识产权的不同类型及其科学伦理样态[J].中州学刊,2008,2.
[28]龚庞奠.关于网络知识产权的伦理思考[J].山东省农业管理干部学院学报,2009,236.
[29]卢植衡,杜清海.网络信息共享与知识产权保护的伦理问题[J].经济研究导刊,2009,32.
[30]王玉,娥卢娟.网络知识产权的伦理危机与对策[J].辽宁行政学院学报,2010,1.
[31]黄凤志.知识霸权与美国的世界新秩序[J].当代亚太,2003,8.
[32]黄凤志.论信息时代国际关系中的知识霸权[J].思想理论教育导刊,2006,4.
[33]Brain Martin. Against intellectual property [J]. Philosophy and Social Action,21 (3), July-Sept,1995.
[34]Douglas Clement. Creation Myths:Does Innovation require intellectual Property rights? [J]. Reason,2003(3).
[2]邢若齐.知识产权保护中的社会伦理学问题初探[J].中华医学科研管理杂志,2002,2,81-82.
[3]彭立静.知识产权的伦理探究[D].2001.
[4]彭立静.知识产权伦理研究[D].2009.
[5]刘新.网络经济中知识产权问题的伦理思考[J].十堰职业技术学院学报,2007,20,37-39.
[6]范晓波.知识产权价值决定[J].知识产权,2005,10.
[7]王景,朱利.知识产权对微观经济的作用机理研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2004,3.
[8]马莉莉.知识产权法演进及社会属性的经济学分析[J].西安财经学院学报,2008,2.
[9]王万山.软件产权法律保护“度”的经济学分析[J].理论与探索,2004,6.
[10]何华.知识产权意识的制度经济学分析[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2007,6.
[11]王爱华.实施知识产权保护的新制度经济学分析[J].科技情报开发与经济,2009,19.
[13]周纪恩.WTO框架下知识产权保护的经济学分析----博弈论角度[J].世界经济情况,2008,9.
[14]丁晓钦.知识产权保护的国际政治经济学分析[J].马克思主义研究,2008,1.
[15]温芽清.新中国知识产权制度变迁的经济学分析[J].广东商学院学报,2009,3.
[16]李正生.中国知识产权保护的经济学思考[J].经济体制改革,2007,5.
[17]窦炎国.经济伦理与伦理经济[J].道德与文明,2001,4.
[18]章海山.略论伦理经济[J].伦理学研究,2006,1.
[19]周俊敏.伦理的经济学分析[J].湖湘论坛,2008,1.
[20][德]彼得·科斯洛夫斯基.伦理经济学原理[M].孙瑜译.北京：中国社会科学出版社,1997.
[21]齐爱民.论知识霸权——以国家知识产权战略的制定和实施为视角[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,2.
[22]李伦.“数字困境”与网络知识产权伦理[N].中国教育报,2009-1-7(3)
[23]何玉梅.网络环境下知识产权保护的经济学分析[J].商业研究,2002,12.
[24]周中之.当代中国经济伦理学研究的进程和趋势[J].上海师范大学学报(社会科学版),2001,30.
[25]周帼.论市场经济与伦理之互维[J].经济师,2009,9.
[26]宋雪艳.研究产权伦理的现实意义[J].沿海企业与科技,2009,2.
[27]牛俊美,陈爱华.科学知识产权的不同类型及其科学伦理样态[J].中州学刊,2008,2.
[28]龚庞奠.关于网络知识产权的伦理思考[J].山东省农业管理干部学院学报,2009,236.
[29]卢植衡,杜清海.网络信息共享与知识产权保护的伦理问题[J].经济研究导刊,2009,32.
[30]王玉,娥卢娟.网络知识产权的伦理危机与对策[J].辽宁行政学院学报,2010,1.
[31]黄凤志.知识霸权与美国的世界新秩序[J].当代亚太,2003,8.
[32]黄凤志.论信息时代国际关系中的知识霸权[J].思想理论教育导刊,2006,4.
[33]Brain Martin. Against intellectual property [J]. Philosophy and Social Action,21 (3), July-Sept,1995.
[34]Douglas Clement. Creation Myths:Does Innovation require intellectual Property rights? [J]. Reason,2003(3).