硅基微环谐振腔在波长转换中的应用研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
硅基微环在硅基光网络中扮演着重要的角色,是成为光网络中光学信号处理基本单元的有力竞争者。本论文主要围绕硅基微环谐振腔的特性及其在波长转换中的应用展开研究,同时展望了硅基微环在新一代芯片光网络中的其它应用。
     论文的第一章主要介绍了硅基光网络的产生和发展,重点介绍了硅基光子学的研究现状和发展态势,同时指出了其在芯片级光互联中的应用前景。
     论文的第二章首先介绍了硅基微环谐振腔的产生和发展,重点讨论硅基微环谐振腔的谐振理论及主要参数的分析,理论结合仿真,阐述了微环谐振腔的基本工作原理。
     论文的第三章首先分析了硅基光波导中的非线性效应以及在硅基光波导中的基于四波混频的波长变换理论;其次分析了在硅基微环中进行波长转换的基本理论,并结合仿真分析了影响其转换效率的因素;最后在理论和仿真中分析了微环中所特有的一种可以在四波混频过程中准自动实现相位匹配的方法,验证了它在不提高器件复杂度前提下对波长转换效率的改善,同时分析了这一过程中线性损耗和非线性损耗队波长转换效率的影响,也给出了波长转换效率随泵浦光功率的变化情况。
     论文的最后一章总结了硅基微环在波长转换中的应用并展望了它在硅基光互联中广阔的应用前景。
     论文的创新点体现在对基于硅基微环的波长转换的研究和分析,并提出了一种实现准自动相位匹配的四波混频的方法,从而有效地改善了波长转换的效率,并对仿真结果进行分析,对设计基于硅基微环谐振腔的波长转换器件具有一定的指导意义。
Microring resonator plays an important role in optical network based in silicon. It is a powerful competitor to be the basic unit of new generation optical interconnect network in the signal processing. The main focus of this paper is the study of silicon micro-ring resonator's characteristics and applications in wavelength conversion, and also looking forward to other applications of silicon micro-ring in a new generation of chips optical network.
     The first chapter introduces the emergence and development of the silicon-based optical network, focusing on the research status and development trend of silicon-based photonics, broughting up the application in chip-level optical interconnects.
     The second chapter introduces the emergence and development of silicon micro-ring resonator, focusing on resonance theory and the analysis of main parameters of silicon micro-ring resonator. The basic operating principle of micro-ring resonators is described both on therory and simulation.
     Chapter III of the paper analyzes the nonlinear effects in silicon-based optical waveguides and wavelength conversion theory in silicon-based waveguides by four-wave mixing firstly; followed by analysis of wavelength conversion in a silicon microring on the basic theory, combined with simulation analysis of factors affecting the conversion efficiency; finally, the analysis of quasi-automatic process to achieve phase match method in the micro-ring both on theory and simulation. It improves the conversion efferency without increasing the complexity of device, which is also analyzed under the linear loss and nonlinear loss in the wavelength conversion of a silicon microring, and also gives the changes of wavelength conversion efficiency with pump power.
     The final chapter of the paper summarizes the wavelength conversion application in silicon micro-ring and looks forward it in the silicon-based optical interconnects with a broad application prospect.
     The innovation of this paper is reflected on the research and analysis of wavelength conversion in a silicon micro-ring, and presents a realization of quasi-automatic four-wave mixing phase-matching method, which effectively improved the efficiency of wavelength conversion, and simulation results were analyzed. It is helpful for the design of wavelength conversion device that based on silicon micro-ring resonator.
引文
[1]Graham T. Reed, The optical age of silicon, Nature, vol 427, Feb.2004, pp:595-596.
    [2]陈媛媛,硅基光波导材料的研究,激光与红外,2010年40卷8期,pp:812-815
    [3]宋国栋,光以太网及其解决方案,电信技术,2002年10期,pp:34-36
    [4]Haisheng Rong, Ansheng Liu, Richard Jones, Oded Cohen, Dani Hak, Remus Nicolaescu, Alexander Fang&Mario Paniccia, An all-silicon Raman laser, Nature, vol.433, Jan.2005 pp:292-294
    [5]H.Park, A.W.Fang, S.Kodama, and J.E.Bowers, Hybrid silicon evanescent laser fabricated with a silicon waveguide and III-V offset quantum wells, Optical Express, 13, November 2005, pp:9460-9464
    [6]Fuwan Gan, High-speed silicon Electro-optic modulator for electronic photonic integrated circuits, [Dissertation],Boston, MIT,2007
    [7]William M.Green, Michael J.Rooks, Lidija Sekaric, and Yurii A.Vlasov, Ultra-compact, low RF power,10 Gb/s silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator, Opt.Express 15,2007,pp:17106-17113
    [8]Ansheng Liu, Ling Liao, Doron Rubin, Hat Nguyen, Berkehan Ciftcioglu, Yoel Chetrit, Nahum Izhaky, and Mario Paniccia, High-speed optical modulation based on carrier depletion in a silicon waveguide, Opt.Express 15,2007, pp:660-668
    [9]Q.Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator, Nature 435,2005, pp:325-327
    [10]Yimin Kang,Han-Din Liu,Mike Morse,Mario J.Paniccia,Moshe Zadka,Stas Litski,Gadi Sarid,Alexandre Pauchard,Ying-Hao Kuo,Hui-Wen Chen,Wissem Sfar Zaoui John E.Bowers,Andreas Beling,Dion C.McIntosh,Xiaoguang Zheng&Joe C.Campbell, Monolithicgermanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain-bandwidth product, Nature Photonics,vol.3,Dec.2008, pp:59-63
    [11]Long Chen,Kyle Preston,Sasikanth Manipatruni,and Michal Lipson,"Integrated GHz silicon photonic interconnect with micrometer-scale modulators and detectors, Opt.Express,vol.17,no.17,Aug.2009, pp:152.48-152.56
    [12]Pieter Dumon, Gino Priem, Luis Romeu Nunes, Wim Bogaerts, Dries Van Thourhout, Peter Bienstman, Tak Keung Liang, Masahiro Tsuchiya, Patrick Jaenen,Stephan Beckx,Johan Wouters and Roel Baets, Linear and nonlinear nanophotonic devices based on silicon-on-insulator wire waveguides, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol.45,no.8B,2006, pp:6589-6602
    [13]Z.Zhou, Silicon photonics in China, Electron.Lett., vol.45, no.12, Jun.2009, pp:1312-1318
    [14]Foster, M.A.,Turner,A.C., Sharping,J.E., Schmidt,B.S.,Lipson,M.and Gaeta,A.L Broadband Optical Parametric Gain on a Silicon Photonic Chip, Nature,Vol.441,22 June 2006, pp:112-115
    [15]Turner,A.C.,Foster,M.A.,Gaeta,A.L.and Lipson,M., Ultra-low power parametric frequency conversion in a silicon microring resonator, Optics Express, Vol.16, No.7,31 March 2008, pp:4881
    [16]Mark A.Foster, Amy C.Turner, Reza Salem, Michal Lipson, and Alexander L.Gaeta, Broad-band continuous-wave parametric wavelength conversion in silicon nanowaveguides, Opt.Express, vol.15,no.20,Oct.2007,pp:12.949-12.958.
    [17]Salem, R.,Foster,M.A.,Turner, A.C.,Geraghty, D.F., Lipson,M., and Gaeta, A.L. Signalregeneration using low-power four-wave mixing on silicon chip, Nature Photonics, Vol.2, Jan.2008, pp:35-38
    [18]Foster,M.A., Salem,R.,Geraghty, D.F.,Turner-Foster, A.C.,Lipson,M. and Gaeta, A.L., Silicon-chip-based ultrafast optical oscilloscope, Nature,Vol 456,06 Nov.2008, pp:81-84
    [19]T.K.Liang, L.R.Nunes, M.Tsuchiya, K.S.Abedin, T.Miyazaki, D.Van Thourhout, W.Bogaerts, P.Dumon, R.Baets, H.K.Tsang, High speed logic gate using two-photon absorption in silicon waveguides, Optics Communications,265,2006, pp:171-174
    [20]Lee,B.G.,Biberman,A.,Sherwood-Droz,N.,Poitras,C.B.,Lipson,M.and Bergman, K., High-Speed 2x2 Switch for Multiwavelength Silicon-Photonic Networks-On-Chip, IEEE J. LightwaveTechnol.,Vol.27,No.14,15 Jul 2009, pp:29.00-29.07
    [21]Lee,B.G.,Biberman,A.,Dong,P.,Lipson,M.and Bergman,K., All-Optical Comb Switch for Multiwavelength Message Routing in Silicon Photonic Networks, IEEE Phot.Techn.Lett.,Vol.20,No.10,10 May 2008, pp:151-154
    [22]Boyraz,O.,Koonath,P.,Raghunathan,V.,Jalali,B., All optical switching via XPM in siliconwaveguides, IEEE LEOS 17th annual meeting, 2004, vol.2, Nov.2004, pp:973-974
    [23]Shacham,K.Bergman,L.P.Carloni,"Photonic Networks-on-Chip for Future Generations of Chip Multi-Processors,"IEEE Transactions on Computers 57(9) Sep 2008, pp:1246-1260
    [24]L.F.Stokes and M.Chodorow, All-single-mode fiber resonator, Opt.Lett.7,1982, pp:288
    [25]L.J.Cimini and L.J.Greenstein, Optical equalization for high-bit-rate fiber-optic communications, IEEE Phot.Tech.Lett.2,1990, pp:200
    [26]B.E.Little, J.S.Foresi, G.Steinmeyer, E.R.Thoen, S.T.Chu, H.A.Haus, E.P.Ippen, L.C. Kimerling, and W.Greene, Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters, IEEE Phot.Tech.Lett.10,1998, pp:549
    [27]C.K.Madsen and G.Lenz, Optical all-pass filters for phase response design with applications for dispersion compensation, IEEE Phot.Tech.Lett.10,1998, pp:994
    [28]C.K.Madsen, Efficient architectures for exactly realizing optical filters with optimum bandpass designs, IEEE Phot.Tech.Lett.10,1998, pp:1136
    [29]E.A.Mareatili, Bends in optical dieletric guides,1969, Bellsyst. Tech. J, pp:2103-2132
    [30]Yao,J., Zeng,F. and Wang,Q, Photonic generation of ultra wideband signals, J. Lightw. Technol.,2007,25, pp:3219-3235
    [31]Zeng,F.and Yao,J., Ultrawideband impulse radio signal generation using a high-speed electrooptic phase modulator and a fiber-Bragg-grating-based frequency discriminator, IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,2006,18,pp:2062-2064
    [32]Li,J., Xu,K., Fu,S., Tang,M., Shum,P., Wu,J., and Lin,J.:Photonic polarity-switchable ultra-wideband pulse generation using a tunable sagnac interferometer comb filter',IEEE Photon. Technol.Lett.,2008,20,pp:1320-1322.
    [33]Pan,S.,and Yao,J.:'Switchable UWB pulse generation using a phase modulator and a reconfigurable asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer,Opt.Lett.,2009,34, pp:160-162.
    [34]T.Ye,F.Liu,and Y.Su, Ultrahigh speed OOK-to-PSK conversion using linear filtering in silicon ring resonators, Chin.Opt.Lett.6,2008, pp:398-400
    [35]C.Yan, Y.Su, L.Yi, L.Leng, X.Tian, X.Xu, and Y.Tian, All-optical format conversion from NRZ to BPSK using a single saturated SOA, IEEE Photon.Technol. Lett.18,2006, pp:2368-2370
    [36]Y.Lu and Y.Su, Conversions among binary optical modulation formats, Opt.Express 16,2008, pp:3853-3858
    [37]C.Schmidt-Langhorst, R.Ludwig, M.Galili, B.Huettl, F.Futami, S.Watanabe, and C.Schubert,160 Gbit/s all-optical OOK to DPSK in-line format conversion,"in Proceedings of European Conference on Optical Communication(ECOC 2006),paper PD Th4.3.5
    [38]W.Astar and G.M.Carter,"10 Gbis/s RZ-OOK to RZ-BPSK format conversion using SOA and synchronous pulse carver,"Electron.Lett.44,2006, pp:1472-1473
    [39]Ken Mishina,Akihiro Maruta,Shunsuke Mitani,Toshiharu Miyahara,Kazuyuki Ishida,Katsuhiro Shimizu,Tatsuo Hatta,Kuniaki Motoshima,and Ken-ichi Kitayama, NRZ-OOK-to-RZ-BPSK Modulation-Format Conversion Using SOA-MZI Wavelength Converter, J.Lightwave Technol.24,2006, pp:3751-3758
    [40]S.H.Lee,K.K.Chow,C.Shu,and C.Lin, All-optical ASK to DPSK format conversion using cross-phase modulation in a nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, in Proceedings of Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics(CLEO/PR 2005, paper CFJ2-5
    [41]K.Wada,H.-C.Luan,D.R.C.Lim and L.C.Kimerling, On-chip interconnection beyond semiconductor roadmap-silicon microphotonics-, Active and Passive Optical Components for WDM Communications Ⅱ,Proceedings of SPIE vol.4870,2002
    [42]Jan Niehusmann,Andreas Vrckel,and Peter Haring Bolivar,Thorsten Wahlbrink and Wolfgang Henschel,Heinrich Kurz, Ultrahigh-quality-factor silicon-on-insulator microring resonator, Opt. Lett.,vol.29,no.24,Dec.2004
    [43]Qianfan Xu.David Fattal, and Raymond G.Beausoleil, Silicon microring resonators with 1.5-μm radius, Opt.Express,vol.16,no.6,Mar.2008, pp:4309-4315
    [44]Milo A.Popovi, Tymon Barwicz, Marcus S.Dahlem, Fuwan Gan, Charles W.Holzwarth, Peter T.Rakich,Henry I.Smith,Erich P.Ippen and Franz X.Kartner, Tunable,Fourth-Order Silicon Microring-Resonator Add-Drop Filters, ECOC 2007
    [45]Shijun Xiao,Maroof H.Khan,Hao Shen and Minghao Qi, Multiple-channel silicon micro-resonator based filters for WDM applications, Opt.Express,vol.15, no.12, Jun.2007, pp:7489-7498
    [46]Linjie Zhou and Andrew W.Poon,"Electrically reconfigurable silicon microring resonator-based filter with waveguide-coupled feedback, Opt.Express, vol.15, no.15, Jul.2007, pp:9194-9204.
    [47]Assaf Shacham,Keren Bergman,and Luca P.Carloni, On the design of a photonic network-on-chip, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Network-on-chip (NOCS'07)
    [48]Fang Xu and Andrew W.Poon, Silicon cross-connect filters using microring resonator coupled multimode-interference-based waveguide crossings, Opt.Express, vol.16,no.12,Jun.2008, pp:8649-8657
    [49]Fengnian Xia,Lidija Sekaric and Yurii Vlasov, Ultracompact optical buffers on a silicon chip, Nature Photonics,vol.1,Jan.2007, pp:65-71
    [50]Lin Xu,Chao Li,Chiyan Wong,and Hon Ki Tsang, Optical Differential-Phase-Shift-Keying Demodulation Using a Silicon Microring Resonator, IEEE Photon. Technol.Lett.,vol.21,no.5, Mar.2009, pp:295-297
    [51]H.Shen, M.H.Khan, Y.Xuan, L.Zhao, D.E.Leaird, A.M.Weiner, and M.Qi, ArbitraryRadio-Frequency Waveform Generation with a Silicon Chip-Based Spectral Shaper,"in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference,OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America,2009), paper CTuT6
    [52]Almeida,V.R.,Barrios,C.A.,Panepucci,R.R.,Lipson,M., All-optical control of light on a silicon chip, Nature, Oct.2004, pp:10.81-10.84
    [53]Xu,Q.,Almeida,V.R.and Lipson,M., Micrometer-scale all-optical wavelength converter on silicon, Optics Letters,Vol.30,No.20, Oct.2005, pp:2733-2735
    [54]Qianfan Xu and Michal Lipson, All-optical logic based on silicon micro-ring resonators, Optics Express,Vol.15,No.3,02 Feb.2007, pp:924
    [55]Yurii Vlasov,William M.J.Green&Fengnian Xia, High-throughput silicon nanophotonic wavelength-insensitive switch for on-chip optical networks, Nature Photonics,vol.2,Mar.2008,pp:242-246
    [56]Xu,Q.,Dong,P.and Lipson,M., Breaking the delay-bandwidth limit in a photonic structure, Nature Physics, Vol.3,June 2007, pp:406
    [57]John E.Heebner, Nonlinear Optical Whispering Gallery Microresonators for Photonics, dissertation,University of Rochester
    [58]Otto Schwelb, Transmission,Group Delay,and Dispersion in Single-Ring Optical Resonators and Add/Drop Filters-A Tutorial Overview, J.Lightwave Technol.2004 pp:1374-1380
    [59]G.Lenz,B.J.Eggleton,C.K.Madsen,and R.E.Slusher, Optical Delay Lines Based on Optical Filters, IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,vol.37,no.4,Apr.,2001,pp:525-532
    [60]Ziyang Zhang,Matteo Dainese,Lech Wosinski,and Min Qiu, Resonance-splitting and enhanced notch depth in SOI ring resonators with mutual mode coupling, Opt.Express 16,2008, pp:4621-4630
    [61]Manolatou,C.and Lipson,M., All-Optical Silicon Modulators Based on Carrier Injection by Two-Photon Absorption, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.24,No.3, March 2006, pp:1433-1439
    [62]Marko Galarza,Kurt De Mesel,Steven Verstuyft,Candido Aramburu,Manuel Lopez-Amo,Ingrid Moerman,PeterVan Daele,and Roel Baets, A New Spot-Size Converter Concept Using Fiber-Matched Antiresonant Reflecting Optical Waveguides, J.Lightw. Technol.,vol.21,no.1, Jan.2003, pp:269-274
    [63]V.R.Almeida,R.Panepucci and M.Lipson,"Nanotaper for Compact Mode Conversion,"Optics Letters,Vol.28,No.15,August 2003, pp:1302-1304 [64] Pieter Dumon,Dirk Taillaert, Building a vertical fibre coupling setup, Dec.2006.
    [65]葛德彪,闫玉波,电磁波时域有限差分方法(第二版),2005,pp:21-25
    [66]Scheerlinck S,Schrauwen J,Van Laere F,Taillaert D,Van Thourhout D,Baets R., Efficient, broadband and compact metal grating couplers for silicon-on-insulator waveguides, Opt.Express, vol.15,no.15,Jul.2007, pp:9625-30
    [67]J.Bowers,E.Burmeister,and D.Blumenthal, Optical buffering and switching for optical packet switching, presented at the Photon.Switching, Conf.,Crete,Greece, 2006, Paper 016.1
    [68]R.Luijten, C.Minkenberg, R.Hemenway, M.Sauer, and R.Grzybowski, Viable opto-elect HPC interconnect fabrics, in Proc.ACM/IEEE SC2005 Supercomput Conf., Seattle, WA,pp:8-16
    [69]Y.Okawachi, M.Foster, J.Sharping, A.Gaeta, Q.Xu, and M.Lipson, All-optical slow-light on a photonic chip, Opt.Express,vol.14,no.6,Mar.2006, pp:2317-2322
    [70]S.Blair and K.Zheng, Intensity-tunable group delay using stimulated Raman scattering in silicon slow-light waveguides, Opt.Express,vol.14, no.3, Feb.2006, pp:1064-1069
    [71]B.Schmidt,Q.Xu,J.Shakya,S.Manipatruni,and M.Lipson, Compact electro-optic modulator on silicon-on-insulator substrates using cavities with ultra-small modal volumes, Opt.Express, vol.15,no.6, Mar.2007, pp:3140-3148
    [72]F.Morichetti,A.Melloni,C.Canavesi,F.Persia,M.Martinelli,and M.Sorel, Tunable slow-wave optical delay-lines, in Proc.OSA Topical Meeting on Slow and Fast Light, Washington DC,2006,paper MB2
    [73]D.Leuenberger,J.Yao,M.C.M.Lee,and M.C.Wu, Experimental demonstration of MEMS-tunable slow light in silicon microdisk resonators, in Proc.OSA Topical Meeting on Slow and Fast Light,Washington DC,2006, paper TuC6
    [74]Q.Xu and M.Lipson, Carrier-induced optical bistability in silicon ring resonators, Opt.Lett., vol.31,no.3,Feb.2006, pp:341-343
    [75]V.R. Almeida and M. Lipson, Optical bistability on a silicon chip, Opt.Lett., vol.29,no.20, Oct.2004, pp:2387-2389
    [76]Peter J.Winzer,and Rene-Jean Essiambre, Advanced Optical Modulation Formats, Proceedings of The IEEE,vol.94,no.5,May 2006, pp:952-985
    [77]J.Heebner and R.W.Boyd,'Slow'and'fast'light in resonator-coupled waveguides, J.Mod. Opt.vol.49,no.14/15,2002, pp:2629-2636
    [78]Y.Wang,W.Hu,Y.Su,Z.Zheng,L.Leng,X.Tian,and Y.Jin, Performance study of 40-Gb/s RZ signals through cascaded thin-film filters with large dispersion slope, Opt.Express,vol.13,no.6,Mar.2005, pp:2176-2181
    [79]G.P.Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics,2nd ed. Academic Press,1995, Chap.3
    [80]陈福深,集成光学器件导论,机械工业出版社,2010.1,pp:230-237
    [81]L.Zhou,H.Chen,and A.W.Poon, NRZ-to-PRZ format conversion using silicon second-order coupled-microring resonator-based notch filters, in Proc.Conf.Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)2007,Baltimore,MD,2007, paper CThP4
    [82]N.K.Berger, B.Levit, B.Fischer, M.Kulishov, D.V.Plant, and J.Azaa, Temporal differentiation of optical signals using a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating, Opt. Express 15,2007,371-381
    [83]J.Xu,X.Zhang,J.Dong,D.Liu,and D.Huang, All-optical differentiator based on cross-gainmodulation in semiconductor optical amplifier, Opt.Lett. 32,2007, pp:3029-3031
    [84]N.Q.Ngo, S.F.Yu, S.C.Tjin, and C.H.Kam, A new theoretical basis of higher-derivative optical differentiators, Opt.Commun.230, 2004, pp:115-129
    [85]Z.Li, S.Zhang, J.M.Vazquez, Y.Liu, G.D.Khoe, H.J.S.Dorren, and D.Lenstra, Ultrafast optical differentiators based on asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer, presented at the Symposium of the IEEE/LEOS,2006, Benelux Chapter
    [86]G.S.Pandian and F.E.Seraji, Optical pulse response of a fiber ring resonator, IEE Proceedings-J,138,1991, pp:235-239
    [87]L.Li,X.Zhang,P.Sun,and L.Chen, Microring resonator-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometeras trigger pulse generator,optical differentiator and integrator, Fundamental Problems of Optoelectronics and Microelectronics Ⅲ, Proceedings of the SPIE,6595,2007, pp:659513-1-659513-8
    [88]R.Slavik,Y.Park, M.Kulishov, R.Morandotti, and J.Azaa, Ultrafast all-optical differentiators, Opt.Express 14,2006, pp:10699-10707
    [89]A.V.Oppenheim, A.S.Willsky,and S.H.Nawab, Signals and Systems,2nd ed. Prentice Hall,1996, ch.4
    [90]J.Yu, Z.Jia, L.Yi, Y.Su, G.Chang, and T.Wang, Optical millimeter-wave generation or up-conversion using external modulators, Photon. Technol. Lett.18, 2006, pp:265-267
    [91]C.Lin, P.Shih, J.Chen, W.Xue, P.Peng, and S.Chi, Optical millimeter-wave signal generationusing frequency quadrupling technique and no optical filtering, Photon. Technol.Lett.20,2008,pp:1027-1029

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700