GF/ACF电路屏复合材料的吸波性能研究
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摘要
本论文基于“阻抗匹配”的原则,以活性碳纤维(ACF)电路屏为吸波体,玻璃纤维(GF)为阻抗调节剂制备了环氧树脂基GF/ACF吸波复合材料,并详细研究了材料的电磁波反射、吸收性能及其吸波机理。主要内容及结论如下：
(1)研究ACF电路屏的形状结构及尺寸参数对材料电磁波反射、吸收性能的影响。对于矩形电路屏复合材料,研究了缝隙的长宽比及缝隙间距对材料吸波性能的影响,发现当长宽比为2、间距为0.5cm时,复合材料的电磁波反射率最低(在2.3-18GHz有-10dB以下的反射率,最低反射值为-34.9dB)；对于方形电路屏复合材料,当缝隙边长为2cm、间距为0.8cm时,复合材料的吸波性能最优,最低反射衰减值为-33.9dB。此外,对吸波层厚度对材料电磁波反射特性的影响也进行了研究,发现当吸波层厚度超过趋肤深度后,增加吸波层厚度不再是改善材料吸波性的有效途径。结果表明：电路屏的结构参数对复合材料的电磁波反射、吸收性能影响显著,电路屏自身的频率选择性、ACF毡的介电损耗、涡流损耗是影响复合材料吸波性能的主要因素。因此,合理设计电路屏的结构参数是制备优质吸波材料的有效途径。
(2)研究了ACF自身结构性能对电路屏复合材料吸波性能的影响。以不同活化温度处理的ACF电路屏为吸波体,制备了电路屏复合材料并对其吸波性能进行了分析。结果表明：活化后ACF电路屏复合材料的吸波性优于未活化的ACF电路屏复合材料,其中活化温度为750℃时的ACF电路屏复合材料吸波效果最好(在5.2-9.9GHz有-10dB以下的反射衰减,最低反射衰减为-21.1dB)。ACF内部π电子的极化弛豫及纤维微观形貌对电磁波的散射损耗是ACF自身结构衰减电磁波的主要机制。
(3)论文进一步研究了阻抗调节剂——玻璃纤维片的填充对ACF电路屏复合材料电磁波反射、吸收性能的影响。结果表明：将玻璃纤维片填充至电路屏的缝隙中,能有效的拓宽材料的吸收频带宽度及最低反射衰减值,且玻纤片的大小具有最优值。对于3 x 1.5cm2的矩形缝隙,填充2 x 1cm2玻纤片时,材料的吸波性最好,有效带宽为12.1GHz。对于边长为3cm的方形缝隙,填充边长2cm玻纤片时,材料对电磁波最低反射值达到-29.8dB。因此,阻抗匹配则是设计吸波材料的重要原则,论文通过合理调节透波材料(玻璃纤维)与吸波剂(碳纤维)的有效组合,制备出了具有良好阻抗匹配特性、高吸收、低反射性能的吸波材料。
Based on impedance matching principle, the epoxy matrix composites, which contained activated carbon fiber (ACF) felts screens as absorbers and glass fiber as the impedance modifier, were successfully prepared. Microwave absorbing properties and reflection properties of the resulting composites were evaluated, and the mechanisms were also discussed. The main research contents are summarized as follows:
The influences of the shape and size parameters of ACF screens on the microwave absorbing properties and reflection properties were firstly studied. For the rectangular screen composite, the effects of the aspect ratio of aperture and aperture spacing on the absorbing property of composites were investigated. When the aspect ratio was 2 and the aperture spacing was 0.5cm, there could be achieved the lowest reflection loss (about -34.9dB), and the frequency range, corresponding to the reflection loss below -10dB, covered 2.3 to 18GHz. As to the square ACF screen composite, when the aperture length was 2cm and the aperture spacing was 0.8cm, the lowest reflection loss reached -33.9dB, indicating that the absorbing property of composites was best. Furthermore, the influence of the thickness of absorber on microwave reflection properties was investigated. It was not an effective way to improve the absorbing properties only by increasing the absorber's thickness, once the thickness of absorber exceeded the skin depth of microwave in the medium. In summary, the absorbing property of screens composite could be significantly affected by the structural parameters of ACF screens. The main absorbing parameters of the composites such as frequency selectivity of screens, the dielectric loss and eddy current loss of ACF felts should be considered. It could be concluded that proper design of the structural parameters of the screens was an effective way to prepare excellent microwave absorbing materials.
Microporous ACF felts were further activated at different temperatures and the resulting ACF screens were used to manufacture the epoxy matrix composites. The microwave absorbing properties of those composites were investigated as well. The results showed that the composites containing the reactivated ACF felts screens rather than untreated ones performed better microwave absorbing properties. Especially for those composites with ACF felts activated at 750℃, the reflection loss reduced to below-10dB with the range from 5.2GHz to 9.9GHz and the lowest reflection loss achieved-21.1dB. The polar relaxation ofπelectron and the electromagnetic wave scattering loss caused by ACF morphology led to the electromagnetic loss.
The influence of glass fiber, as an impedance modifier, on microwave reflection and absorption properties of ACF screens was also investigated. When a 3cm x 1.5cm rectangular aperture was filled by a glass fiber sheet (2cm x 1cm), the effective bandwidth was 12.1 GHz, whereas a square aperture (the side length was 3 cm) was filled by a square glass fiber sheet (2cm x 2cm), the minimum value of reflection loss dropped to -29.8dB. Therefore, "impedance matching" is one of the most important principles for the design of the microwave absorbing materials. The good absorbing materials, possessing efficient impedance matching, high absorptions and low reflection properties can be prepared via adjusting the composition of wave-absorber (such as carbon fibers) and wave-transparent (such as glass fiber) materials.
(1)研究ACF电路屏的形状结构及尺寸参数对材料电磁波反射、吸收性能的影响。对于矩形电路屏复合材料,研究了缝隙的长宽比及缝隙间距对材料吸波性能的影响,发现当长宽比为2、间距为0.5cm时,复合材料的电磁波反射率最低(在2.3-18GHz有-10dB以下的反射率,最低反射值为-34.9dB)；对于方形电路屏复合材料,当缝隙边长为2cm、间距为0.8cm时,复合材料的吸波性能最优,最低反射衰减值为-33.9dB。此外,对吸波层厚度对材料电磁波反射特性的影响也进行了研究,发现当吸波层厚度超过趋肤深度后,增加吸波层厚度不再是改善材料吸波性的有效途径。结果表明：电路屏的结构参数对复合材料的电磁波反射、吸收性能影响显著,电路屏自身的频率选择性、ACF毡的介电损耗、涡流损耗是影响复合材料吸波性能的主要因素。因此,合理设计电路屏的结构参数是制备优质吸波材料的有效途径。
(2)研究了ACF自身结构性能对电路屏复合材料吸波性能的影响。以不同活化温度处理的ACF电路屏为吸波体,制备了电路屏复合材料并对其吸波性能进行了分析。结果表明：活化后ACF电路屏复合材料的吸波性优于未活化的ACF电路屏复合材料,其中活化温度为750℃时的ACF电路屏复合材料吸波效果最好(在5.2-9.9GHz有-10dB以下的反射衰减,最低反射衰减为-21.1dB)。ACF内部π电子的极化弛豫及纤维微观形貌对电磁波的散射损耗是ACF自身结构衰减电磁波的主要机制。
(3)论文进一步研究了阻抗调节剂——玻璃纤维片的填充对ACF电路屏复合材料电磁波反射、吸收性能的影响。结果表明：将玻璃纤维片填充至电路屏的缝隙中,能有效的拓宽材料的吸收频带宽度及最低反射衰减值,且玻纤片的大小具有最优值。对于3 x 1.5cm2的矩形缝隙,填充2 x 1cm2玻纤片时,材料的吸波性最好,有效带宽为12.1GHz。对于边长为3cm的方形缝隙,填充边长2cm玻纤片时,材料对电磁波最低反射值达到-29.8dB。因此,阻抗匹配则是设计吸波材料的重要原则,论文通过合理调节透波材料(玻璃纤维)与吸波剂(碳纤维)的有效组合,制备出了具有良好阻抗匹配特性、高吸收、低反射性能的吸波材料。
Based on impedance matching principle, the epoxy matrix composites, which contained activated carbon fiber (ACF) felts screens as absorbers and glass fiber as the impedance modifier, were successfully prepared. Microwave absorbing properties and reflection properties of the resulting composites were evaluated, and the mechanisms were also discussed. The main research contents are summarized as follows:
The influences of the shape and size parameters of ACF screens on the microwave absorbing properties and reflection properties were firstly studied. For the rectangular screen composite, the effects of the aspect ratio of aperture and aperture spacing on the absorbing property of composites were investigated. When the aspect ratio was 2 and the aperture spacing was 0.5cm, there could be achieved the lowest reflection loss (about -34.9dB), and the frequency range, corresponding to the reflection loss below -10dB, covered 2.3 to 18GHz. As to the square ACF screen composite, when the aperture length was 2cm and the aperture spacing was 0.8cm, the lowest reflection loss reached -33.9dB, indicating that the absorbing property of composites was best. Furthermore, the influence of the thickness of absorber on microwave reflection properties was investigated. It was not an effective way to improve the absorbing properties only by increasing the absorber's thickness, once the thickness of absorber exceeded the skin depth of microwave in the medium. In summary, the absorbing property of screens composite could be significantly affected by the structural parameters of ACF screens. The main absorbing parameters of the composites such as frequency selectivity of screens, the dielectric loss and eddy current loss of ACF felts should be considered. It could be concluded that proper design of the structural parameters of the screens was an effective way to prepare excellent microwave absorbing materials.
Microporous ACF felts were further activated at different temperatures and the resulting ACF screens were used to manufacture the epoxy matrix composites. The microwave absorbing properties of those composites were investigated as well. The results showed that the composites containing the reactivated ACF felts screens rather than untreated ones performed better microwave absorbing properties. Especially for those composites with ACF felts activated at 750℃, the reflection loss reduced to below-10dB with the range from 5.2GHz to 9.9GHz and the lowest reflection loss achieved-21.1dB. The polar relaxation ofπelectron and the electromagnetic wave scattering loss caused by ACF morphology led to the electromagnetic loss.
The influence of glass fiber, as an impedance modifier, on microwave reflection and absorption properties of ACF screens was also investigated. When a 3cm x 1.5cm rectangular aperture was filled by a glass fiber sheet (2cm x 1cm), the effective bandwidth was 12.1 GHz, whereas a square aperture (the side length was 3 cm) was filled by a square glass fiber sheet (2cm x 2cm), the minimum value of reflection loss dropped to -29.8dB. Therefore, "impedance matching" is one of the most important principles for the design of the microwave absorbing materials. The good absorbing materials, possessing efficient impedance matching, high absorptions and low reflection properties can be prepared via adjusting the composition of wave-absorber (such as carbon fibers) and wave-transparent (such as glass fiber) materials.
引文
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