煤化工生态工业系统优化与分析
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摘要
我国是以煤炭为能源主体的国家,随着中国能源安全问题日趋重要,煤化工已成为社会关注的热点并得到快速发展。本着资源耦合、产品共生和废物循环利用的生态原则,以自然、工业和社会三者共同发展为宗旨,本文构建了煤化工生态工业系统。对该系统进行系统分析、集成和优花眼究,不仅具有理论价值,而且具有重要的现实意义。
本论文以系统工程与生态工业理论为指导,在对我国能源资源及煤化工产业现状进行深入分析的基础上,通过软件模拟、定量化的系统情景优化和综合分析评价手段研究我国煤化工生态工业系统的发展模式和发展方向,并结合工业生态分析方法探讨煤化工产业系统的演化。
由于煤制合成气的C/H比例远高于煤制燃料油的生产需要,本文提出了煤基燃料联供联产系统,其中煤炭与富氢物质天然气耦合作为原料。在对各流程单元机理的认知和生产技术比选的基础上,采用Aspen Plus软件进行流程模拟。该系统分别与单独以煤或天然气为基础的系统进行多目标的3E综合评价和比较。研究表明煤基联供联产系统具有CO2排放率降低、能源效率提高等优点。
基于联供联产理念,本文进一步提出了我国煤化工产业发展为生态工业系统的概念、原理、特点以及产业超结构。本文将系统分解为若干技术产品路线,设计资源、环境及经济的多目标评价指标,建立了我国煤化工生态工业系统的多目标超结构数学模型,通过定量的数学优化得到不同情景目标下煤化工产品结构和技术路线。
在优化模型基础上,通过影响因素分析,研究产品价格、技术成熟度、政策法规和CO2减排压力等因素对系统的影响。同时通过分析工业生态指标相比于2005年的变化情况,探讨未来的发展方向。研究结果指出煤化工生态工业系统实现了煤炭高附加值利用和产品结构升级,具有更高的资源利用强度和系统链接密度,应取代传统产业模式,成为未来煤化工产业发展的重要方向。
最后本文针对实际案例,借助已有的优化模型框架、优化方法和工业生态分析手段,对西南某地区的煤化工产业进行研究与分析,取得了实际应用效果。
Chinese energy structure is coal dependent and this situation will remain for a long time. As more and more attention is paid to the energy security, coal-chemical industry has become a hot topic and got developed quickly. It is important to investigate coal-chemical system based on industrial ecological idea for realizing harmonious development of nature, industry and society. The construction of this system is on the basis of three principles: resource coupling, multi-product symbiosis and waste recycling. Exploring the analysis, integration and optimization of this system has not only theoretical value but also significant practical meaning.
In this research, system engineering and industrial ecology were main theoretical foundation. The current situation of Chinese energy resource and coal-chemical industry were analyzed firstly. Then key technology routes were simulated, scenario optimization of the whole system was realized quantificationally, and the system was compared by synthetical analysis and industrial ecological analysis. Based on these information and comparisons, the development pattern, trend and evolution of coal-chemical eco-industrial system in the future were discussed.
Because coal is a kind of carbon rich material, C/H ratio of syngas from coal is much higher than needed for producing fuel. Therefore, it was suggested the coal based co-feed and co-production system was used. Natural gas, as hydrogen rich material, was used to complement the use of coal as a feedstock. All the systems were divided into several different subsystems. Based on technology selection and modelling analysis of subsystems, systems were simulated by Aspen Plus. Then coal based co-feed and co-production system was compared with coal or nature gas (NG) based system by energy, environment, and economy (3E) evaluation. The results illustrated that co-feed and co-production system had several advantages, including lower CO2 emission ratio, higher thermal efficiency and so on.
Based on the study of co-feed and co-production system, coal-chemical eco-industrial system was proposed. The concept, principles, characteristics, and superstructure of the system were presented. The system was decomposed into several technology routes. Multi-objective evaluating index was set by considering resource, environment and economy at the same time. Then the multi-objective and superstructure optimization model were built for coal-chemical eco-industrial system. By quantificational optimization, different industrial structures and technology routes were obtained under different scenarios.
On the basis of the optimization model, the analysis of influencing factors were discussed including cost of raw materials and products, maturity degree of technologies, policy and law factors, reduction pressure of CO2 emission and so on. Compared with the data of coal-chemical industry in 2005, the industrial ecological analysis was also discussed in order to find the development pattern and trend of coal-chemical eco-industrial system in the future. Research results showed that coal-chemical eco-industrial system realized high added value utilization of coal and update of product structure. It had higher intensity of resource utilization and link density of system. This system will replace the conventional system, and become the important development direction of coal-chemical industry.
At last, a practical case was studied. Using the proposed frame of optimization model and method, coal-chemical industry of a southwest area in China was investigated and analyzed.
本论文以系统工程与生态工业理论为指导,在对我国能源资源及煤化工产业现状进行深入分析的基础上,通过软件模拟、定量化的系统情景优化和综合分析评价手段研究我国煤化工生态工业系统的发展模式和发展方向,并结合工业生态分析方法探讨煤化工产业系统的演化。
由于煤制合成气的C/H比例远高于煤制燃料油的生产需要,本文提出了煤基燃料联供联产系统,其中煤炭与富氢物质天然气耦合作为原料。在对各流程单元机理的认知和生产技术比选的基础上,采用Aspen Plus软件进行流程模拟。该系统分别与单独以煤或天然气为基础的系统进行多目标的3E综合评价和比较。研究表明煤基联供联产系统具有CO2排放率降低、能源效率提高等优点。
基于联供联产理念,本文进一步提出了我国煤化工产业发展为生态工业系统的概念、原理、特点以及产业超结构。本文将系统分解为若干技术产品路线,设计资源、环境及经济的多目标评价指标,建立了我国煤化工生态工业系统的多目标超结构数学模型,通过定量的数学优化得到不同情景目标下煤化工产品结构和技术路线。
在优化模型基础上,通过影响因素分析,研究产品价格、技术成熟度、政策法规和CO2减排压力等因素对系统的影响。同时通过分析工业生态指标相比于2005年的变化情况,探讨未来的发展方向。研究结果指出煤化工生态工业系统实现了煤炭高附加值利用和产品结构升级,具有更高的资源利用强度和系统链接密度,应取代传统产业模式,成为未来煤化工产业发展的重要方向。
最后本文针对实际案例,借助已有的优化模型框架、优化方法和工业生态分析手段,对西南某地区的煤化工产业进行研究与分析,取得了实际应用效果。
Chinese energy structure is coal dependent and this situation will remain for a long time. As more and more attention is paid to the energy security, coal-chemical industry has become a hot topic and got developed quickly. It is important to investigate coal-chemical system based on industrial ecological idea for realizing harmonious development of nature, industry and society. The construction of this system is on the basis of three principles: resource coupling, multi-product symbiosis and waste recycling. Exploring the analysis, integration and optimization of this system has not only theoretical value but also significant practical meaning.
In this research, system engineering and industrial ecology were main theoretical foundation. The current situation of Chinese energy resource and coal-chemical industry were analyzed firstly. Then key technology routes were simulated, scenario optimization of the whole system was realized quantificationally, and the system was compared by synthetical analysis and industrial ecological analysis. Based on these information and comparisons, the development pattern, trend and evolution of coal-chemical eco-industrial system in the future were discussed.
Because coal is a kind of carbon rich material, C/H ratio of syngas from coal is much higher than needed for producing fuel. Therefore, it was suggested the coal based co-feed and co-production system was used. Natural gas, as hydrogen rich material, was used to complement the use of coal as a feedstock. All the systems were divided into several different subsystems. Based on technology selection and modelling analysis of subsystems, systems were simulated by Aspen Plus. Then coal based co-feed and co-production system was compared with coal or nature gas (NG) based system by energy, environment, and economy (3E) evaluation. The results illustrated that co-feed and co-production system had several advantages, including lower CO2 emission ratio, higher thermal efficiency and so on.
Based on the study of co-feed and co-production system, coal-chemical eco-industrial system was proposed. The concept, principles, characteristics, and superstructure of the system were presented. The system was decomposed into several technology routes. Multi-objective evaluating index was set by considering resource, environment and economy at the same time. Then the multi-objective and superstructure optimization model were built for coal-chemical eco-industrial system. By quantificational optimization, different industrial structures and technology routes were obtained under different scenarios.
On the basis of the optimization model, the analysis of influencing factors were discussed including cost of raw materials and products, maturity degree of technologies, policy and law factors, reduction pressure of CO2 emission and so on. Compared with the data of coal-chemical industry in 2005, the industrial ecological analysis was also discussed in order to find the development pattern and trend of coal-chemical eco-industrial system in the future. Research results showed that coal-chemical eco-industrial system realized high added value utilization of coal and update of product structure. It had higher intensity of resource utilization and link density of system. This system will replace the conventional system, and become the important development direction of coal-chemical industry.
At last, a practical case was studied. Using the proposed frame of optimization model and method, coal-chemical industry of a southwest area in China was investigated and analyzed.
引文
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