基于Java与UML的应用程序开发
摘要
自从1986年Booch提出面向对象方法论。迄今已出现50种以上的方法论。面向对象方法已经逐步取代了传统的软件分析和设计方法，成为当前计算机软件工程学中的主流方法。著名的软件工程学家Grady Booch、Jim Rumbaugh和Ivar Jacobson在精心比较不同的建模语言优缺点及总结面向对象技术应用实践的基础上发布了统一建模语言UML。
UML是用于描述、可视化和构架软件系统以及商业建模的语言，它涵盖面向对象的分析、设计和实现，融合了早期面向对象建模方法和各种建模语言的优点，为面向对象系统的开发提供了丰富的、严谨的、扩充性强的表达方式。UML是一种建模语言，而不是一种方法，不包含方法中的重要组成成分——过程的描述。RUP是由Rational公司给出的一种软件过程，提供一种分派开发组织任务和职责的途径，描述软件开发的过程。
本文摒弃了国内大多数软件系统开发者使用的结构化的开发方法，采用了统一建模语言UML和RUP，借助了ROSE工具，对订单输入系统可视化建模方面做了一些新的尝试，实现了系统的增量迭代开发。本文通过一个实例(订单输入系统)，详细论述了从分析、设计、编码到实现的开发全过程，对开发其它类似系统具有一定的参考价值。
开发订单输入系统这样一个具有一定规模和复杂性的软件系统是一项工程，必须按工程学的方法加以组织，并经过分析、设计、实现、测试、维护等一系列的软件生命周期阶段，编程是重要的，但系统建模更为重要，只有在分析和设计阶段建立良好的系统模型，才能保证工程的正确实施，这是人们从软件危机中获得的重要教训。
在系统的开发流程中，需求分析是其中决定性的一步。本文在详细分析公司业务现状后，通过事件表得出系统的用例模型，并在此基础上分别建立了订单输入系统的静态结构模型和动态行为模型，以规范面向对象的需求分析、总体设计、详细设计、代码的生成以及项目的管理和维护，实现系统的增量开发。对于模型中的用例图、类图、包图、序列图、协作图、状态图和活动图，本文都详细地说明了生成过程和意义。
实现阶段的组件图和部署图描述了订单输入系统的物理模型—系统源代
码的静态结构和运行时刻的实现结构。本文详细介绍了采用Servlet、JsP和
JavaBean实现的功能模块，包括基于数据库的消息管理、订单处理、维护联系的
查询和更新。
最后，本文对论文所作的工作进行了总结，并提出了今后的工作方向。
Since Booch brought forward Object Oriented Technique in 1986, more than 50 kinds of methodology have appeared. Object Oriented Technique has replaced traditional Analysis and Design technique as the main technique in software engineering. Famous software engineering academician Grady Booch Jim Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson issued Unified Modeling Language after detailedly comparing different modeling languages and summarizing Object Oriented Technique application experience.
The Unified Modeling Language, provides system architects working on object analysis and design with one consistent language for specifying, visualizing, constructing and documenting software systems. UML is the convergence of best practices in the object technology industry. And it is a rich, precise, extensible modeling language for object oriented system development.UML is only a standard modeling language and not a standard development process. Rational Software Corporation releases rational Unified Process which provides an approach to allocating tasks and responsibility in software development and describes software engineering processes.
In this thesis, I discard the traditional developing method most system developers use. A prototype of the order form input system is visual modeled and developed in increment iteration by using UML, RUP and ROSE, as to enhance reliability, reusability and maintainability of the system. This thesis discusses the modern Technique of Object Oriented modeling, gives a model according to a instance (a order form input system) and shows the whole process of the system development, which is valuable for developing similar systems.
Developing a large and complex software system such as the order form input system is a project which must be organized by engineering science and go through the whole software engineering lifecycle including analysis, design, implementation, test and maintenance. Program is important, but modeling is more important. We can
ensure the smooth project implement only after establishing exact model in analysis and design. This is an important lesson we learn from Software Crisis.
During the course of software developing, requirement analysis is a decisive step. I educe the Use Case model of the system by Event Table after detailedly analysis the operation status of corporation. On the model, I educe the static structure model and dynamic action model of the system, in which the Use Case diagram, Class diagram, Package diagram are detailedly discussed.
Component diagram and Deployment diagram show the physical model of the system when realization. This thesis introduces in detail the ruction module realized by Servlet JSP and JavaBean, including dynamic news management based on database, order form management, the inquiry and update based on order form relationship.
Finally, the thesis summarizes the whole content and brings forward the future work.
UML是用于描述、可视化和构架软件系统以及商业建模的语言，它涵盖面向对象的分析、设计和实现，融合了早期面向对象建模方法和各种建模语言的优点，为面向对象系统的开发提供了丰富的、严谨的、扩充性强的表达方式。UML是一种建模语言，而不是一种方法，不包含方法中的重要组成成分——过程的描述。RUP是由Rational公司给出的一种软件过程，提供一种分派开发组织任务和职责的途径，描述软件开发的过程。
本文摒弃了国内大多数软件系统开发者使用的结构化的开发方法，采用了统一建模语言UML和RUP，借助了ROSE工具，对订单输入系统可视化建模方面做了一些新的尝试，实现了系统的增量迭代开发。本文通过一个实例(订单输入系统)，详细论述了从分析、设计、编码到实现的开发全过程，对开发其它类似系统具有一定的参考价值。
开发订单输入系统这样一个具有一定规模和复杂性的软件系统是一项工程，必须按工程学的方法加以组织，并经过分析、设计、实现、测试、维护等一系列的软件生命周期阶段，编程是重要的，但系统建模更为重要，只有在分析和设计阶段建立良好的系统模型，才能保证工程的正确实施，这是人们从软件危机中获得的重要教训。
在系统的开发流程中，需求分析是其中决定性的一步。本文在详细分析公司业务现状后，通过事件表得出系统的用例模型，并在此基础上分别建立了订单输入系统的静态结构模型和动态行为模型，以规范面向对象的需求分析、总体设计、详细设计、代码的生成以及项目的管理和维护，实现系统的增量开发。对于模型中的用例图、类图、包图、序列图、协作图、状态图和活动图，本文都详细地说明了生成过程和意义。
实现阶段的组件图和部署图描述了订单输入系统的物理模型—系统源代
码的静态结构和运行时刻的实现结构。本文详细介绍了采用Servlet、JsP和
JavaBean实现的功能模块，包括基于数据库的消息管理、订单处理、维护联系的
查询和更新。
最后，本文对论文所作的工作进行了总结，并提出了今后的工作方向。
Since Booch brought forward Object Oriented Technique in 1986, more than 50 kinds of methodology have appeared. Object Oriented Technique has replaced traditional Analysis and Design technique as the main technique in software engineering. Famous software engineering academician Grady Booch Jim Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson issued Unified Modeling Language after detailedly comparing different modeling languages and summarizing Object Oriented Technique application experience.
The Unified Modeling Language, provides system architects working on object analysis and design with one consistent language for specifying, visualizing, constructing and documenting software systems. UML is the convergence of best practices in the object technology industry. And it is a rich, precise, extensible modeling language for object oriented system development.UML is only a standard modeling language and not a standard development process. Rational Software Corporation releases rational Unified Process which provides an approach to allocating tasks and responsibility in software development and describes software engineering processes.
In this thesis, I discard the traditional developing method most system developers use. A prototype of the order form input system is visual modeled and developed in increment iteration by using UML, RUP and ROSE, as to enhance reliability, reusability and maintainability of the system. This thesis discusses the modern Technique of Object Oriented modeling, gives a model according to a instance (a order form input system) and shows the whole process of the system development, which is valuable for developing similar systems.
Developing a large and complex software system such as the order form input system is a project which must be organized by engineering science and go through the whole software engineering lifecycle including analysis, design, implementation, test and maintenance. Program is important, but modeling is more important. We can
ensure the smooth project implement only after establishing exact model in analysis and design. This is an important lesson we learn from Software Crisis.
During the course of software developing, requirement analysis is a decisive step. I educe the Use Case model of the system by Event Table after detailedly analysis the operation status of corporation. On the model, I educe the static structure model and dynamic action model of the system, in which the Use Case diagram, Class diagram, Package diagram are detailedly discussed.
Component diagram and Deployment diagram show the physical model of the system when realization. This thesis introduces in detail the ruction module realized by Servlet JSP and JavaBean, including dynamic news management based on database, order form management, the inquiry and update based on order form relationship.
Finally, the thesis summarizes the whole content and brings forward the future work.
引文
[1] Ritu A, Prabuddha De, Atish P S. Comprehending Object and Process Models:An Empirical Study. IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering, 1999, 25(4) 541-556.
[2] 印旻，王行言，《Java语言与面向对象程序设计》，清华大学出版社，2002．6
[3] Rational SoftWare Corp. Unified Modeling Language Notation Guide[EB/OL]. http://www.Rational.com, 1998
[4] R.France, A.Evans, K.Lano, B.Rumpe, 《The UML as a formal modeling notation》, Computer Standards & Interfaces, 1999
[5] 刘超，张莉．可视化面向对象建模技术—-标准建模语言UML教程[M]北京航空航天大学出版社，1999
[6] Philippe Kruchten. The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction(2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA, 2000
[7] K.G van den Berg, A.J.H. Simons, 《Control-flow semantics of use cases in UML》, Information and Software Technology, 1999
[8] Scott W. Ambler, 《The UML and Beyond: The Techniques of Object-Oriented Modeling》, www.oml.org, 2001
[9] James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booth, 《UML参考手册》，机械工业出版社，2001．1
[10] 吴际，金茂忠，《UML面向对象分析》，北进航空航天大学出版社，2002．1
[11] 柳丹，陈志刚，雷卫军．基于UML描述的“4+1”视图模型及应用．计算技术与自动化，2001，20(04)：46-51
[12] 蒋慧，吴礼发，陈卫卫，《UML Programming Guide设计核心技术》，北京希望电子出版社，2001
[13] Adams Wang, 《Rational Unified Process--Best Practices for SoftWare Development Teams》, www.umlchina.com, 2001
[14] 丁峰，粱维泰．RUP软件工程过程研究及应用[J]．计算机工程，2000，26(10)：112-114
[15] 韩瀛，《软件过程RUP初探》，www.umlchina.com，2001
[16] 《Rational Unified Process version》, Rational Software Corporation, 2002.2
[17] Jacobson,Ivar,Patrik Jonsson,and Gunnar Overgaard. Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach. Addison-Wesley,Reading,MA,1992
[18] Cockbum, Alistair.《Writing Effective Use Cases》, Addison-Wesley, Boston,2000
[19] Bergsten, Hans. Java Server Pages. O'Reilly, Beijing, 2001
[20] Kassem, Nicholas, and EnterPrise Team. Designing Enterprise Application with the Java~(TM) 2 Platform. Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2000
[21] 陆继翔，刘芳珠，潘金贵．JAVA新类库中的MVC结构以及通信实现方法．小型微型计算机系统，1998，(12)
[22] 王侃，尤佳，王为东．运用MVC-JSP-Servlet增强服务器性能的研究．武汉理工大学学报，2003，25(03)：73-75
[23] 郑凯，刘爱芳，黄丹华．基于Java Servlet技术的网上Q&A系统的设计和实现．微型电脑应用，2001，17(02)：27-31
[24] 《The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual》, Rational Software Corporation, 2002
[25] 《Oracle 8 UML对象建模技术》，电子工业出版社，2001
[26] 林少丹，《IP传真系统的面向对象建模、设计与实现》，暨南大学硕士学位论文，2001．6
[27] Marinescu, Floyd. Details Object.2000.Available at wwww.serverside.com, http://theserver-side.com/patterns/thread.jsp?thread-id=79
[28] 王军鹏，刘路放．基于UML的关系数据库模型设计[J]．现代计算机，2001，(01)：28-31
[29] 吴方君，易光华，胡文玉．UML类图与ER模型相互转换规则的研究[J]．计算机应用研究，2002(04)：38-40
[30] 刘英华，程景云，程海蓉．统一建模方法UML及其在房地产信息管理中的应用．计算机辅助工程，2002，(03)：48-53
[31] Jim Conallen. Modeling Web Application Design with UML[M]. White Paper ConallenInc, June 1998.
[32] Li Si guang, Lin Zi yu, Tang Sheng qun, Xiao Shao wu. Software Process Modeling with UML in Development of Medical Insurance MIS. Wuhan University
Journal of Natural Sciences, 2001, Z1
[33] 柳立峰．UML概述及其在面向对象软件设计上的具体应用．江西通信科技，2001，03(9)：10-15
[34] 宋辉，江峰等．JAVA服务器程序设计[M]，清华大学出版社，1996
[35] 冯华．UML与JAVA的应用[J]．现代计算机，2000，(09)
[36] Prashant Sarode. Writing a Reusable Implementation of the MVC Design Pattern[J]. Java Report,2001,7(1):26～40
[37] 周伯生．中文UML简介[M]．北京：航空航天大学出版社，1997．
[38] Simon Brown著，王军、刘芳等译，JSP编程指南(第二版)，北京，电子工业出版社，2002
[39] 杨文华，张晓丰．基于UML的订单处理系统的分析和设计．微机发展，2002，(04)：92-95
[40] Michael Blaha, 《Using UML to Design DataBase Application》, OMT associates Inc
[41] 刘军，王宁生．基于UML的迭代式软件开发过程．计算机工程与应用，2001，(11)：154-156
[42] 吴方君，禹农，易彤．RUP软件工程过程在企业仓库物资管理系统中的应用．山东科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，21(1)
[2] 印旻，王行言，《Java语言与面向对象程序设计》，清华大学出版社，2002．6
[3] Rational SoftWare Corp. Unified Modeling Language Notation Guide[EB/OL]. http://www.Rational.com, 1998
[4] R.France, A.Evans, K.Lano, B.Rumpe, 《The UML as a formal modeling notation》, Computer Standards & Interfaces, 1999
[5] 刘超，张莉．可视化面向对象建模技术—-标准建模语言UML教程[M]北京航空航天大学出版社，1999
[6] Philippe Kruchten. The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction(2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA, 2000
[7] K.G van den Berg, A.J.H. Simons, 《Control-flow semantics of use cases in UML》, Information and Software Technology, 1999
[8] Scott W. Ambler, 《The UML and Beyond: The Techniques of Object-Oriented Modeling》, www.oml.org, 2001
[9] James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booth, 《UML参考手册》，机械工业出版社，2001．1
[10] 吴际，金茂忠，《UML面向对象分析》，北进航空航天大学出版社，2002．1
[11] 柳丹，陈志刚，雷卫军．基于UML描述的“4+1”视图模型及应用．计算技术与自动化，2001，20(04)：46-51
[12] 蒋慧，吴礼发，陈卫卫，《UML Programming Guide设计核心技术》，北京希望电子出版社，2001
[13] Adams Wang, 《Rational Unified Process--Best Practices for SoftWare Development Teams》, www.umlchina.com, 2001
[14] 丁峰，粱维泰．RUP软件工程过程研究及应用[J]．计算机工程，2000，26(10)：112-114
[15] 韩瀛，《软件过程RUP初探》，www.umlchina.com，2001
[16] 《Rational Unified Process version》, Rational Software Corporation, 2002.2
[17] Jacobson,Ivar,Patrik Jonsson,and Gunnar Overgaard. Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach. Addison-Wesley,Reading,MA,1992
[18] Cockbum, Alistair.《Writing Effective Use Cases》, Addison-Wesley, Boston,2000
[19] Bergsten, Hans. Java Server Pages. O'Reilly, Beijing, 2001
[20] Kassem, Nicholas, and EnterPrise Team. Designing Enterprise Application with the Java~(TM) 2 Platform. Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2000
[21] 陆继翔，刘芳珠，潘金贵．JAVA新类库中的MVC结构以及通信实现方法．小型微型计算机系统，1998，(12)
[22] 王侃，尤佳，王为东．运用MVC-JSP-Servlet增强服务器性能的研究．武汉理工大学学报，2003，25(03)：73-75
[23] 郑凯，刘爱芳，黄丹华．基于Java Servlet技术的网上Q&A系统的设计和实现．微型电脑应用，2001，17(02)：27-31
[24] 《The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual》, Rational Software Corporation, 2002
[25] 《Oracle 8 UML对象建模技术》，电子工业出版社，2001
[26] 林少丹，《IP传真系统的面向对象建模、设计与实现》，暨南大学硕士学位论文，2001．6
[27] Marinescu, Floyd. Details Object.2000.Available at wwww.serverside.com, http://theserver-side.com/patterns/thread.jsp?thread-id=79
[28] 王军鹏，刘路放．基于UML的关系数据库模型设计[J]．现代计算机，2001，(01)：28-31
[29] 吴方君，易光华，胡文玉．UML类图与ER模型相互转换规则的研究[J]．计算机应用研究，2002(04)：38-40
[30] 刘英华，程景云，程海蓉．统一建模方法UML及其在房地产信息管理中的应用．计算机辅助工程，2002，(03)：48-53
[31] Jim Conallen. Modeling Web Application Design with UML[M]. White Paper ConallenInc, June 1998.
[32] Li Si guang, Lin Zi yu, Tang Sheng qun, Xiao Shao wu. Software Process Modeling with UML in Development of Medical Insurance MIS. Wuhan University
Journal of Natural Sciences, 2001, Z1
[33] 柳立峰．UML概述及其在面向对象软件设计上的具体应用．江西通信科技，2001，03(9)：10-15
[34] 宋辉，江峰等．JAVA服务器程序设计[M]，清华大学出版社，1996
[35] 冯华．UML与JAVA的应用[J]．现代计算机，2000，(09)
[36] Prashant Sarode. Writing a Reusable Implementation of the MVC Design Pattern[J]. Java Report,2001,7(1):26～40
[37] 周伯生．中文UML简介[M]．北京：航空航天大学出版社，1997．
[38] Simon Brown著，王军、刘芳等译，JSP编程指南(第二版)，北京，电子工业出版社，2002
[39] 杨文华，张晓丰．基于UML的订单处理系统的分析和设计．微机发展，2002，(04)：92-95
[40] Michael Blaha, 《Using UML to Design DataBase Application》, OMT associates Inc
[41] 刘军，王宁生．基于UML的迭代式软件开发过程．计算机工程与应用，2001，(11)：154-156
[42] 吴方君，禹农，易彤．RUP软件工程过程在企业仓库物资管理系统中的应用．山东科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，21(1)