建筑环境的立体绿化研究
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摘要
随着中国城市化进程的加速发展,城市生活节奏加快、环境污染严重、用地紧张、资源能源消耗过多等问题突出,这些问题对城市的可持续发展带来巨大的挑战。在2010年中国上海举办的以城市生活为主题的世博会中,近150个独立展览建筑中的40%开展了各种形式的建筑环境的立体绿化。本文正是以此为研究背景,参考文献资料,运用理论与实践相结合的方法,对上海世博园中的20个独立场馆的屋顶绿化、墙柱体绿化、窗台阳台绿化和1个立体交通及多个构筑物小品的立体绿化进行现场调查,从设计理念、表现形式、施工技术及植物选择四个方面进行具体研究,从城市管理的角度提出城市立体绿化的优化策略,同时指出发展建筑环境立体绿化具有十分重要的生态功能和社会意义;而建筑与绿化同步设计、同步施工、同步验收的“三同”项目管理模式能够缩短工程时间、降低工程造价、提高工程效率、保证整个工程的协调性;以及多种技术的开发与利用解决了建筑与绿化结合中产生的原有矛盾,促进建筑环境立体绿化的实施,但原有问题的解决带来新的问题的出现,所以仍然需要加大技术的研发,从而降低人力、财力的投入,保障建筑环境立体绿化的普遍推广。
With the accelerative development of Chinese urbanization advancement,the issues of pace of urban life accelerating, environmental pollution, shortage of land, excessive consumption of resources and energy outstanding. The theme of urban life to Shanghai Expo, 2010 in China, nearly 150 separate 40% of exhibition buildings to carry out various forms of green building three-dimensional environment. This is as a research background, reference information, using a combination of theory and practice of the method, getting investigation of the green roof, green body wall and post, bay windows of 20 independent, a balcony greening transport and a number of three-dimensional sketches of three-dimensional structure green field, which are in Shanghai World Expo venues .Getting specific research from design concept, forms, construction techniques and plant selection, Proposing optimization of three-dimensional green strategy from the standpoint of the city urban management. Also pointed out that the development of three-dimensional green built environment has a very important ecological functions and social significance ; The synchronization architecture and green design, simultaneous construction and simultaneous acceptance of the "San Tong" project management model to reduce construction time, reduce project costs, improve project efficiency, and ensure the coordination of the whole project; And a variety of technology development and utilization of green building and solve the resulting combination of the original conflict, to promote the implementation of green building three-dimensional environment, but the original problem to solve new problems arise, so still need to increase technology research and development, thereby reducing the human and financial resources invested to protect the built environment to promote the general three-dimensional Green.
With the accelerative development of Chinese urbanization advancement,the issues of pace of urban life accelerating, environmental pollution, shortage of land, excessive consumption of resources and energy outstanding. The theme of urban life to Shanghai Expo, 2010 in China, nearly 150 separate 40% of exhibition buildings to carry out various forms of green building three-dimensional environment. This is as a research background, reference information, using a combination of theory and practice of the method, getting investigation of the green roof, green body wall and post, bay windows of 20 independent, a balcony greening transport and a number of three-dimensional sketches of three-dimensional structure green field, which are in Shanghai World Expo venues .Getting specific research from design concept, forms, construction techniques and plant selection, Proposing optimization of three-dimensional green strategy from the standpoint of the city urban management. Also pointed out that the development of three-dimensional green built environment has a very important ecological functions and social significance ; The synchronization architecture and green design, simultaneous construction and simultaneous acceptance of the "San Tong" project management model to reduce construction time, reduce project costs, improve project efficiency, and ensure the coordination of the whole project; And a variety of technology development and utilization of green building and solve the resulting combination of the original conflict, to promote the implementation of green building three-dimensional environment, but the original problem to solve new problems arise, so still need to increase technology research and development, thereby reducing the human and financial resources invested to protect the built environment to promote the general three-dimensional Green.
引文
[1]申志强.建筑绿化的技术研究[D].天津:河北工业大学,2007.
[2]布莱恩·爱德华兹著,可持续性建筑[M].周玉鹏,宋晔皓译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
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[4] YVONNE RESS, DAVID PALLISERr. Container Gardening[M]. Singapore, 1990, 41.
[5] NELSON HAMMER. Interior Landscape Design. McGraw-Hill Architectural & Scientific Publications, Inc: 1991.
[6] NASA Study : Interior Landscape Plants For Indoor Air Pollution Abatement, 1989
[7] Contemporary American Architects Volume II.TASCHEN. 1996
[8] KEN YEANG. The Basis for Designing Sustainable Intensive Buildings.Preste[1]. The Green Skyscraper:1999.
[9]舆水肇.建筑空间绿化手法[M].张廷凯,颜兵译.大连:大连理工出版社,2003.
[10]张宝鑫.城市立体绿化[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[11]田华林.现代城市绿化——立体绿化初探[J].贵州林业科技,1998,25(4):63.
[12]刘丕基,瀛文风,王振基.论大连立体绿化建设[J].辽宁城市环境科技.1998,18(2): 82.
[13]张涛.建筑结合竖向绿化设计[D].北京:北京建筑工程学院,2003.
[14]于灏.建筑种植绿化[D].上海:同济大学,2005.
[15]何礼平.建筑与绿色元素的共构[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[16]张彦丰.论建筑设计与种植设计的融合[D].北京:中国农业大学,2007.
[17]刘宝玉,吴广珍.简论发展城市立体绿化[J].安徽林业,2000,(2):27.
[18]申彩霞,王晋新.开拓绿色空间的新途径[J].国土绿化,2002,(10):18.
[19]闰慧琴,田琼,干地玛.城市建筑立体绿化建设初探[J].内蒙古环境保护,2004,16(2):52.
[20]周厚高.藤蔓植物景观[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2006.
[21]张宝鑫.城市立体绿化[M].中国林业出版社,2004:2-15.
[22]畦海波.住宅的立体绿化研究[J].铁道标准设计,1999(Z1):77-78.
[23]刘光卫,刘映芳.城市空间立体绿化模式初探[J].现代城市研究,2000,(6):33.
[24]张洪济.热传导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
[25]赵荣义,范存养,薛殿华,钱以明.空气调节[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003:20-40.
[26]王珍吾,孟庆林,张百庆.广州汇景新城墙体构造热阻现场测试[J].建筑节能,2003,(41):171-174.
[27]王君若.屋顶绿化的新概念——建筑夹层塑料成型板[J].建筑节能,2002,(6):45-46.
[28]李桥,王丽丽.城市空间特色绿化的示范性研究——屋顶绿化[J].上海园林科技,2004,(1):72-77.
[29]时真男,高旭东,张伟捷.屋顶绿化对建筑能耗的影响分析[J].工业建筑,2005,35(7): 14-22.
[30]董志成,刘海生.关于屋顶绿化的探讨[J].工程论坛,2005,(13):165.
[31]北京质量监督局.北京市地方标准DB11_T281-2005屋顶绿化规范[S].
[32]吴金顺,张伟捷,魏一然,魏艳萍.绿色建筑的全生命周期未确知综合评价[J].住宅产业,2006,(10):45-48.
[33]白雪莲.实现节能与健康的绿化体系[J].重庆大学学报,2002,25(8):77-78.
[34]丁润柏.屋顶绿化:生态新空间[J].市政技术,2005,(10):40-41.
[35]尼克·诺森,夏克林·克洛特,于志远,黄柯.世博公园2010年上海世博会的“绿色城市”实践[J].风景园林,2010,(02):47-49.
[36]戴军,方盛,李文艳,孙旭.世界品味中国韵味2010上海世博园区世博公园创作[J].风景园林,2010,(02):44-46.
[37]中国统计出版社编辑部.2009上海统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2009.
[38]古润泽.北京城市居住绿地的滞尘效益[J].北京林业大学学报,1997,19(4):12-17.
[39]景星蓉,张健,林勇.绿色生态住宅小区的开发与建设[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(6):105-108.
[40]张会平,于俊矿.绿色生态住宅小区浅议[J].建筑技术开发,2004,31(2):67-68.
[41]刘志武.广州岭南花园住宅区生态绿地规划的研究[M].广东:华南理工大学出版社,2002.
[42]孙洪波.居住区生态绿化景观设计与评价[J].住宅科技,2003,(12):15-18.
[43]钟丹.试论小区环境理论实用性和观赏性的有机统一[J].四川建筑,2001,21(2):16-17.
[44]温海珍,贾生华.基于AHP法的住宅小区绿色生态性能评估[J].住宅科技,2003,(7):3-6.
[45]施维德.成都市园林植物的选择[J].成都建筑,1998,18(3):46-48.
[46]范不湘.成都市居住区绿化效应研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2003.
[47]张庆费,乔平,杨文悦.伦敦绿地发展特征分析[J].中国园林,2003,19(10):55-58.
[48]上海市绿化和市容管理局.上海世博会场馆立体绿化[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2011.
[49]吕晨,周华春.增加小区环境“绿量”创造人居绿色空间[J].中国园林,2000,16(2):56-57.
[50]刘立民,刘明缘.城市绿化评估的新概念[J].中国园林,2000,16(5):32-34.
[51]刘滨谊,姜允芳.中国城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系的研究[J].城市规划汇刊,2002,(2):27-29.
[52]路原.绿色运动与健康[J].科学之友,2002,(7):31.
[53]刘堂源,周滔.绿色生态住宅小区在中国的发展分析[J].华东交通大学学报,2002,19(6):65-67.
[54]韩燕凌.生态住宅小区的绿化系统设计要点[J].铁道勘测与设计,2001,(4):49-51.
[55]王志红.浅谈居住区绿地景观建设[J].科技情报开发与经济.2003,13(8):160-161.
[56]刘仲华.北欧的生态住宅[J].节能与环保,2003 (5):67-68.
[2]布莱恩·爱德华兹著,可持续性建筑[M].周玉鹏,宋晔皓译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[3] PATRICK BLNC. The Vertical Garden: From Nature to the City[M]. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2008.
[4] YVONNE RESS, DAVID PALLISERr. Container Gardening[M]. Singapore, 1990, 41.
[5] NELSON HAMMER. Interior Landscape Design. McGraw-Hill Architectural & Scientific Publications, Inc: 1991.
[6] NASA Study : Interior Landscape Plants For Indoor Air Pollution Abatement, 1989
[7] Contemporary American Architects Volume II.TASCHEN. 1996
[8] KEN YEANG. The Basis for Designing Sustainable Intensive Buildings.Preste[1]. The Green Skyscraper:1999.
[9]舆水肇.建筑空间绿化手法[M].张廷凯,颜兵译.大连:大连理工出版社,2003.
[10]张宝鑫.城市立体绿化[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[11]田华林.现代城市绿化——立体绿化初探[J].贵州林业科技,1998,25(4):63.
[12]刘丕基,瀛文风,王振基.论大连立体绿化建设[J].辽宁城市环境科技.1998,18(2): 82.
[13]张涛.建筑结合竖向绿化设计[D].北京:北京建筑工程学院,2003.
[14]于灏.建筑种植绿化[D].上海:同济大学,2005.
[15]何礼平.建筑与绿色元素的共构[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[16]张彦丰.论建筑设计与种植设计的融合[D].北京:中国农业大学,2007.
[17]刘宝玉,吴广珍.简论发展城市立体绿化[J].安徽林业,2000,(2):27.
[18]申彩霞,王晋新.开拓绿色空间的新途径[J].国土绿化,2002,(10):18.
[19]闰慧琴,田琼,干地玛.城市建筑立体绿化建设初探[J].内蒙古环境保护,2004,16(2):52.
[20]周厚高.藤蔓植物景观[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2006.
[21]张宝鑫.城市立体绿化[M].中国林业出版社,2004:2-15.
[22]畦海波.住宅的立体绿化研究[J].铁道标准设计,1999(Z1):77-78.
[23]刘光卫,刘映芳.城市空间立体绿化模式初探[J].现代城市研究,2000,(6):33.
[24]张洪济.热传导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
[25]赵荣义,范存养,薛殿华,钱以明.空气调节[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003:20-40.
[26]王珍吾,孟庆林,张百庆.广州汇景新城墙体构造热阻现场测试[J].建筑节能,2003,(41):171-174.
[27]王君若.屋顶绿化的新概念——建筑夹层塑料成型板[J].建筑节能,2002,(6):45-46.
[28]李桥,王丽丽.城市空间特色绿化的示范性研究——屋顶绿化[J].上海园林科技,2004,(1):72-77.
[29]时真男,高旭东,张伟捷.屋顶绿化对建筑能耗的影响分析[J].工业建筑,2005,35(7): 14-22.
[30]董志成,刘海生.关于屋顶绿化的探讨[J].工程论坛,2005,(13):165.
[31]北京质量监督局.北京市地方标准DB11_T281-2005屋顶绿化规范[S].
[32]吴金顺,张伟捷,魏一然,魏艳萍.绿色建筑的全生命周期未确知综合评价[J].住宅产业,2006,(10):45-48.
[33]白雪莲.实现节能与健康的绿化体系[J].重庆大学学报,2002,25(8):77-78.
[34]丁润柏.屋顶绿化:生态新空间[J].市政技术,2005,(10):40-41.
[35]尼克·诺森,夏克林·克洛特,于志远,黄柯.世博公园2010年上海世博会的“绿色城市”实践[J].风景园林,2010,(02):47-49.
[36]戴军,方盛,李文艳,孙旭.世界品味中国韵味2010上海世博园区世博公园创作[J].风景园林,2010,(02):44-46.
[37]中国统计出版社编辑部.2009上海统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2009.
[38]古润泽.北京城市居住绿地的滞尘效益[J].北京林业大学学报,1997,19(4):12-17.
[39]景星蓉,张健,林勇.绿色生态住宅小区的开发与建设[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(6):105-108.
[40]张会平,于俊矿.绿色生态住宅小区浅议[J].建筑技术开发,2004,31(2):67-68.
[41]刘志武.广州岭南花园住宅区生态绿地规划的研究[M].广东:华南理工大学出版社,2002.
[42]孙洪波.居住区生态绿化景观设计与评价[J].住宅科技,2003,(12):15-18.
[43]钟丹.试论小区环境理论实用性和观赏性的有机统一[J].四川建筑,2001,21(2):16-17.
[44]温海珍,贾生华.基于AHP法的住宅小区绿色生态性能评估[J].住宅科技,2003,(7):3-6.
[45]施维德.成都市园林植物的选择[J].成都建筑,1998,18(3):46-48.
[46]范不湘.成都市居住区绿化效应研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2003.
[47]张庆费,乔平,杨文悦.伦敦绿地发展特征分析[J].中国园林,2003,19(10):55-58.
[48]上海市绿化和市容管理局.上海世博会场馆立体绿化[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2011.
[49]吕晨,周华春.增加小区环境“绿量”创造人居绿色空间[J].中国园林,2000,16(2):56-57.
[50]刘立民,刘明缘.城市绿化评估的新概念[J].中国园林,2000,16(5):32-34.
[51]刘滨谊,姜允芳.中国城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系的研究[J].城市规划汇刊,2002,(2):27-29.
[52]路原.绿色运动与健康[J].科学之友,2002,(7):31.
[53]刘堂源,周滔.绿色生态住宅小区在中国的发展分析[J].华东交通大学学报,2002,19(6):65-67.
[54]韩燕凌.生态住宅小区的绿化系统设计要点[J].铁道勘测与设计,2001,(4):49-51.
[55]王志红.浅谈居住区绿地景观建设[J].科技情报开发与经济.2003,13(8):160-161.
[56]刘仲华.北欧的生态住宅[J].节能与环保,2003 (5):67-68.