刈割—施氮对小黑麦中饲237草产量及品质的影响
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摘要
2002年10月~2003年6月在安徽农业大学教学试验农场对小黑麦中饲237进行了刈割-施氮的试验,研究了不同刈割始期及刈后施氮对青刈小黑麦的生长特性、饲草产量及营养成分的影响,研究结果表明:
    刈割处理对生育期影响较大,刈割处理其生育期比未刈割的推迟1~20d,追施氮肥处理生育期比未追施氮肥的推迟1~2d。
    施氮对株高具有促进作用,施氮处理其株高比未施氮的高3~30cm。刈割对株高的影响不同,刈割始期越早,再生草株高越高,起身期刈割的处理其株高比拔节期刈割的高30~75cm,起身期刈割施氮处理(A1B1),其株高大于未刈割未施氮的处理(CK),至开花期两者相差3cm。起身期刈割未施氮处理(A1B0)其株高小于CK。
    刈割始期越早再生草单位面积茎蘖数越大,起身期刈割的处理其单位面积茎蘖数大于拔节期刈割的。施氮处理的单位面积茎蘖数大于未施氮的。起身期刈割施氮的处理(A1B1),其单位面积茎蘖数比CK多20~83万单茎/hm2,起身期刈割未施氮的处理(A1B0)其单位面积茎蘖数小于CK。
    刈割始期越早,再生草叶面积指数(LAI)越大,起身期刈割其再生草的LAI大于拔节期刈割的。施氮可增加叶面积指数,施氮的处理其再生草LAI均大于未施氮的,起身期刈割施氮的处理(A1B1)其LAI大于未刈割未施氮的处理(CK),起身期刈割未施氮的处理(A1B0)其LAI小于CK。
    刈割始期早的其再生草地上生物量大于刈割始期迟的。不刈割的地上生物量大于刈割的,但起身期刈割施氮的处理(A1B1)其地上生物量大于未刈割未施氮的处理(CK)。施氮处理的地上生物量均大于未施氮的。
    起身期茎基部及根系中的可溶性糖含量高于拔节期。茎基部的可溶性糖含量始终高于根系中的,但两者的变化趋势基本一致,均表现为前期可溶性糖含量较高,随后缓慢下降。茎基部的可溶性糖含量下降较为明显,拔节以后降至较低水平,而根系的可溶性糖含量变化幅度较小。
    早期刈割对再生草的株高日增长量、叶片发生数、叶片伸长率均有促进作用。施氮可增加再生草株高日增长量及叶片伸长率,但对再生草叶片发生数影响不大。株高日增长量、单茎干重、单茎叶面积与再生草的干草产量均呈极显著正相关,且相关系数分别达0.9191、0.9235、0.9156,叶片发生数、叶片伸长率、株高、单茎叶面积与再生草的干草产量均呈显著正相关,且相关系数分别达0.7700、0.7195、0.7256、0.6123。
    施氮肥对第一展开叶叶面积、叶绿素、净光合速率及同化速率均有促进作用, 不刈割的其叶面积、叶绿素、净光合速率及同化速率大于刈割的,但起身期刈割施氮的
    
    
    处理(A1B1),其生育后期的叶面积、叶绿素、净光合速率及同化速率均大于未刈割未施氮的处理(CK)。
    追施氮肥可提高全年总粗蛋白产量、总粗脂肪产量。起身期刈割其全年粗蛋白质含量及粗蛋白质产量、粗脂肪含量及粗脂肪产量均高于CK,拔节期刈割其全年粗蛋白质产量、粗脂肪产量低于CK,但含量高于CK。追施氮肥、刈割可减少全年总粗纤维的含量及产量。各处理小黑麦中均含有18种氨基酸。A1B1的总氨基酸含量及必需氨基酸含量分别比CK提高5.46% 、4.79%, 其中有利于改善动物肉、奶品质及提高其产量的氨基酸—蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和亮氨酸分别提高6.06% 、2.22%和8.11%。氨基酸总含量及必需氨基酸总含量各处理的比较为:A 1B1> A1B0 > CK > A2B1> A2B0。
The experiments of effect of mowing-topdressing of nitrogen on Triticale Cereale Zhongsi237 were carried out on the experiment farms of Anhui Agricultural University from 2002 to 2003.The effect of the mowing-todressing of Nitroge on growth characteristics, herby yields and qualities was studied. The results of the experiment indicated that:
     The treatment of mowing had a significant effect on the growth stage,and made the growth stage later 1~20days.The treatment of topdressing nitrogen made the growth later 1~2days.
     The treatment of topdressing nitrogen hastened the height of plant,which was higher 3~30cm than that without the treatment of topdressing.However,the treatment of mowing had different effect on the height of plant in the different stage ,if the stage of first mowing was earlier ,the reborn grass height of plant was higher; by the treatment of mowing in the rising stage the height of plant was higher 30~75cm than that by the treatment of mowing in the jointing stage;in the rising stage by the mowing-topdressing nitrogen treatment(A1B1) the height of plant was higher than that without the mowing-topdressing nitrogen treatment(CK),and until the anthesis that was higher about 3cm ;but the height of plant was higher by CK than by mowing-notopdressing nitrogen treatment(A1B0).
     The first mowing was earlier and the tillering numbers per area were more. By mowing treatment in rising stage the tillering numbers per area nitrogen than that by mowing treatment at jointing stage. The tillering numbers per area of treatment topdressed of nitrogen were more than these of treatment no-topdressed of nitrogen. The tillering numbers per area of treatment (A1B1)mowing and topdressed of nitrogen at rising stage were more than CK by 20~83stem/hm2. The tillering numbers per area of treatment (A1B0) mowing and no-topdressed of nitrogen in rising stage were less than CK.
     LAI of treatment mowed earlier was bigger, LAI of rebirth grass of treatment mowed at rising stage were bigger than that of treatment mowed at jointing stage. LAI was increased by topdressing of nitrogen. LAI of treatment topdressed of nitrogen were bigger than that of no-topdressed of nitrogen. LAI of treatment A1B1were bigger than that of CK,and LAI of treatment A1B0 were less than that of CK.
     Biologic matter of treatment mowed earlier was greater than that of reatment mowed latter. Biologic matter of no-treatment mowed was greater than that of reatment mowed. Biologic matter of A1B1 was greater than that of CK.
    
     Concent of dissoluble sugar of stem basement and root at rising period was higher than that at jointing stage. Concent of dissoluble sugar of stem basement was higher than that of root all time. Trend of change of both was consistenting, Concent of dissoluble sugar of both was higher at early stage,and decreasing in latter stage. Concent of dissoluble sugar of stem basement decreased sharp, especially after jointing stage. The change of solubility sugar content in root was very small.
     Increasing of plant height per day, Leaves occurrence, leaves stretch rate of rebith forage was hastened by mowed in early period. Increasing of plant height per day and leaves stretch rate was increased by topdressing of nitrogen. Effect of topdressing of nitrogen on leaves occurrenc of rebith forage was less. Positive relativity was furthermore remarkable between increasing of plant height per day, dry weight per stem, leaf area per stem and yield dry forage. Relativity coefficient was 0.9191,0.9235,0.9156 respetively. Positive relativity was remarkable between leaves occurrance, leaves stretch rate, height of plant , leaf area per stem and yield dry forage. R of 0.7700、0.7195、0.7256、0.6123 respetively.
    The effect of mowing-topdressing of nitrogen on herby reborn grass photosyntheswas characteristics: the chlorophyll contents was greater by topdressing than without topdressing of nitrogen treatment and by mowing than without mowing treatment.mowing-topdressing of nitrogen could increase the leaf area and chlorophyll contents,
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