基于可拓学方法的城市规划研究
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摘要
具有综合性的城市规划体系中存在诸多期待解决的问题,其中一些问题涉及信息量大,关系纷繁,处理难度大,缺乏有效的逻辑分析方法体系。规划师在解决这些问题的过程中如果能够得到有针对性的方法指导以及信息处理工具的辅助,则可以大大地提高处理、解决这些问题的效率。
可拓学是通过建立定量化分析模型来对矛盾问题进行分析的新学科,试图解决以往难以用逻辑化语言来描述的矛盾问题。可拓学的这些特征有助于在城市规划编制过程中用计算机可识别的逻辑语言来阐释复杂的思维与创作过程,进而总结设计规律,为提高工作效率与实现人工智能计算机辅助设计奠定基础。
基于可拓学方法的城市规划研究的基本思路是从可拓学体系中筛选出可拓思维、可拓集合、可拓变换、转换桥方法等定量化分析方法,对构成城市规划成果的城市用地布局、城市空间设计、管理控制规则三个基本方面进行分析。三个方面的不同性质决定了其解决方法也有所不用。
城市用地布局是城市规划领域中最根本与最普遍的研究层面,通常体现为总体规划、控制性详细规划等偏重于宏观层面的城市规划成果。采用先微观后宏观的研究方法,先对独立的城市用地进行剖析,进而建立问题相关网来进行宏观角度的城市用地分析,利用问题相关树、可拓集合、可拓变换的方法来描述以及解决城市用地布局设计中所面临的各种矛盾问题。
城市空间设计是城市规划领域中偏重于微观角度的研究层面,通常体现为修建性详细规划等微观层面的城市规划成果。采用先微观后宏观的研究方法,先运用可拓学的思维模式来对城市空间设计过程中涉及的各种因素进行描述与分析,得到微观层次的分析结果;进而建立由各种微观分析结果之间的关系网络形成的宏观分析模型,以适应各种不同情况的规划设计方案。
管理控制规则是城市规划领域中最复杂与最多元化的研究层面,其涵盖的范畴是指城市规划成果中非图纸表达成果的部分,在各种规划方案中表现为规划文本、控制导则等形式。采用先微观后宏观的研究方法,运用可拓思维模式、问题蕴含系统来从微观角度对独立的控制规则进行剖析,通过建立问题相关网来进行宏观角度的城市规划管理控制规则分析,利用转折部与转换通道、可拓集合、可拓变换的方法来描述以及解决管理控制规则制定中所面临的各种矛盾问题。
方法体系的效率如何只能通过实践来检验。本文通过哈尔滨市城市总体规划(2004~2020)这样较为复杂的规划实例来综合运用维度表体系进行描述,同时从城市用地布局、城市空间设计、管理控制规则三方面运用可拓学研究方法来共同完成对于此案例的系统分析,论证了运用可拓学方法对城市规划案例进行描述与分析具有现实指导意义。
通过理论方法的研究与现实案例的分析,论述了可拓学在城市规划领域进行交叉研究的可能性与可拓展的前景,同时也指出了今后在此领域进行深入研究的方向。
The problems in urban planning system gradually develop to tendency of comprehensive and complex. Information involved in these problems is also too much, and is difficult to handling. For urban planning subjects, complexity and contradiction of the problem always is the core of solution to the problem. In the process, if they can be targeted with theory and method of guidance and information processing tools auxiliary, planners can efficiently solving these problems.
Extenics is a new subject which use logic language to describe and analyze the contradictory problem by establishing quantitative analysis model, attempts to solve many stress to the perceptual, abstract problems, which are difficult to use logical initialization language to describe before. These characteristics of Extenics help to use visual logic language to interpret complex thinking and creative process in urban planning, then summarizes the design rules for the realization of artificial intelligence, which helps to improve work efficiency.
Proper theories and methods are chosen from Extenics system in research on urban planning based on the Extenics, which are extension thinking, extension set and extension transformation, transforming bridge method are used in research on urban planning based on the Extenics, and land layout, space design, management control rules, three aspects are composition of the urban planning. Research problem with different properties determine the solution also are different.
Plan design is the most fundamental in research on urban planning. City land contains lots of independent city land, and each independent city land have their own unique geographical location, cultural traits, economic value, environmental quality and various factors of the influence. These independent land interact each other, produce intricate relationships, thus formed the complex and changeable city land pattern. In the complex conditions, it’s easier to applying research methods of first macro then microscopic. At first, independent city land are analyzed, and then established the problems related net to analyze the macro angles city land utilization, with using relevant tree, extension set and extension transformation method to describe and solve the urban land layout design problems faced by the various contradictions.
Space design is in microscopic field of urban planning, different from master paln and zoning planning, it’s a kind of detailed planning of urban space design, and it’s necessary for comprehensive consideration of the architectural entity, set space, environment shaping the combination of various elements of the mutual relationship with integral layout. In applying first micro then macroscope research methods, at first thinking modes of Extenics is used in the space design process involved in various factors, we can describe and analyze the microscopic level of analysis results; then to establish the relationship between the network forming macro analysis model by all sorts of microscopic analysis results, this method can meet the various conditions of planning and design scheme.
Management regulation is the most complex research in urban planning. It’s content refers to non-drawings achievements in various parts of the planning scheme, performance in text, control guideline for planning and other forms. In the application of first micro then macroscope research method, extension thinking mode, problem contains system are used to analyze the independent manage regulation from microscope angle, by establishing problems related net to analyze the macroscopic angle of manage regulations, turning conversion channel, extension set and extension transformation method are used to describe and solving manage regulations, facing in the various contradiction problems.
The effectiveness of the method system only can be proved through the practice. Harbin master plan (2004~2020) is compiled by Harbin urban planning and design institute, using Extenics methods to describe and analyze have realistic meanings. According to project characteristic, dimension table system was used to describe, with Extenics research methods in the land layout, space design, management regulation, overall analysis of the project can be completed.
Through theoretical methods research and analysis of the projects, this paper discusses the possibility and vista of cross-research on Extenics and urban planning, and also pointed out further research direction in this field.
可拓学是通过建立定量化分析模型来对矛盾问题进行分析的新学科,试图解决以往难以用逻辑化语言来描述的矛盾问题。可拓学的这些特征有助于在城市规划编制过程中用计算机可识别的逻辑语言来阐释复杂的思维与创作过程,进而总结设计规律,为提高工作效率与实现人工智能计算机辅助设计奠定基础。
基于可拓学方法的城市规划研究的基本思路是从可拓学体系中筛选出可拓思维、可拓集合、可拓变换、转换桥方法等定量化分析方法,对构成城市规划成果的城市用地布局、城市空间设计、管理控制规则三个基本方面进行分析。三个方面的不同性质决定了其解决方法也有所不用。
城市用地布局是城市规划领域中最根本与最普遍的研究层面,通常体现为总体规划、控制性详细规划等偏重于宏观层面的城市规划成果。采用先微观后宏观的研究方法,先对独立的城市用地进行剖析,进而建立问题相关网来进行宏观角度的城市用地分析,利用问题相关树、可拓集合、可拓变换的方法来描述以及解决城市用地布局设计中所面临的各种矛盾问题。
城市空间设计是城市规划领域中偏重于微观角度的研究层面,通常体现为修建性详细规划等微观层面的城市规划成果。采用先微观后宏观的研究方法,先运用可拓学的思维模式来对城市空间设计过程中涉及的各种因素进行描述与分析,得到微观层次的分析结果;进而建立由各种微观分析结果之间的关系网络形成的宏观分析模型,以适应各种不同情况的规划设计方案。
管理控制规则是城市规划领域中最复杂与最多元化的研究层面,其涵盖的范畴是指城市规划成果中非图纸表达成果的部分,在各种规划方案中表现为规划文本、控制导则等形式。采用先微观后宏观的研究方法,运用可拓思维模式、问题蕴含系统来从微观角度对独立的控制规则进行剖析,通过建立问题相关网来进行宏观角度的城市规划管理控制规则分析,利用转折部与转换通道、可拓集合、可拓变换的方法来描述以及解决管理控制规则制定中所面临的各种矛盾问题。
方法体系的效率如何只能通过实践来检验。本文通过哈尔滨市城市总体规划(2004~2020)这样较为复杂的规划实例来综合运用维度表体系进行描述,同时从城市用地布局、城市空间设计、管理控制规则三方面运用可拓学研究方法来共同完成对于此案例的系统分析,论证了运用可拓学方法对城市规划案例进行描述与分析具有现实指导意义。
通过理论方法的研究与现实案例的分析,论述了可拓学在城市规划领域进行交叉研究的可能性与可拓展的前景,同时也指出了今后在此领域进行深入研究的方向。
The problems in urban planning system gradually develop to tendency of comprehensive and complex. Information involved in these problems is also too much, and is difficult to handling. For urban planning subjects, complexity and contradiction of the problem always is the core of solution to the problem. In the process, if they can be targeted with theory and method of guidance and information processing tools auxiliary, planners can efficiently solving these problems.
Extenics is a new subject which use logic language to describe and analyze the contradictory problem by establishing quantitative analysis model, attempts to solve many stress to the perceptual, abstract problems, which are difficult to use logical initialization language to describe before. These characteristics of Extenics help to use visual logic language to interpret complex thinking and creative process in urban planning, then summarizes the design rules for the realization of artificial intelligence, which helps to improve work efficiency.
Proper theories and methods are chosen from Extenics system in research on urban planning based on the Extenics, which are extension thinking, extension set and extension transformation, transforming bridge method are used in research on urban planning based on the Extenics, and land layout, space design, management control rules, three aspects are composition of the urban planning. Research problem with different properties determine the solution also are different.
Plan design is the most fundamental in research on urban planning. City land contains lots of independent city land, and each independent city land have their own unique geographical location, cultural traits, economic value, environmental quality and various factors of the influence. These independent land interact each other, produce intricate relationships, thus formed the complex and changeable city land pattern. In the complex conditions, it’s easier to applying research methods of first macro then microscopic. At first, independent city land are analyzed, and then established the problems related net to analyze the macro angles city land utilization, with using relevant tree, extension set and extension transformation method to describe and solve the urban land layout design problems faced by the various contradictions.
Space design is in microscopic field of urban planning, different from master paln and zoning planning, it’s a kind of detailed planning of urban space design, and it’s necessary for comprehensive consideration of the architectural entity, set space, environment shaping the combination of various elements of the mutual relationship with integral layout. In applying first micro then macroscope research methods, at first thinking modes of Extenics is used in the space design process involved in various factors, we can describe and analyze the microscopic level of analysis results; then to establish the relationship between the network forming macro analysis model by all sorts of microscopic analysis results, this method can meet the various conditions of planning and design scheme.
Management regulation is the most complex research in urban planning. It’s content refers to non-drawings achievements in various parts of the planning scheme, performance in text, control guideline for planning and other forms. In the application of first micro then macroscope research method, extension thinking mode, problem contains system are used to analyze the independent manage regulation from microscope angle, by establishing problems related net to analyze the macroscopic angle of manage regulations, turning conversion channel, extension set and extension transformation method are used to describe and solving manage regulations, facing in the various contradiction problems.
The effectiveness of the method system only can be proved through the practice. Harbin master plan (2004~2020) is compiled by Harbin urban planning and design institute, using Extenics methods to describe and analyze have realistic meanings. According to project characteristic, dimension table system was used to describe, with Extenics research methods in the land layout, space design, management regulation, overall analysis of the project can be completed.
Through theoretical methods research and analysis of the projects, this paper discusses the possibility and vista of cross-research on Extenics and urban planning, and also pointed out further research direction in this field.
引文
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