基于DSP的空间矢量变频器的研制
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摘要
恒压频比控制(V/F)是变频器中应用最广泛的一种控制方式,采用这种控制方式研制的变频器系统结构简单,成本低廉,适用于风机、水泵等对调速系统动态性能要求不高的场合。目前这种变频器的经济性和通用性深受市场的青睐。鉴于此,本文利用TMS320LF2407DSP作为控制芯片,采用恒压频比的控制方式和空间矢量调制策略研制了一台变频器的样机,并对一些关键的问题给予理论分析并提出实现的方法。本文主要内容如下:
1.阐述了电压正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)技术和空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术,对二者的特点进行比较,并将空间矢量脉宽调制技术用于实际变频器系统中。
2.详细分析死区产生的机理和空间矢量PWM中死区效应对输出电压的影响,并结合空间矢量图,讨论了输出电压矢量位置与三相电流方向的关系。在此基础上,提出了一种新型的死区补偿策略,将三相电流分成六个区域,并在每个区域只对其中一相输出电压进行补偿。该方法通过判断输出电压矢量的角度来获取三相电流的方向,避免了电流检测中多个零点的现象。
3.以二极管构成三相桥式不可控全波整流电路,并以IPM作为功率器件构成逆变电路组成的交一直一交电压源型变频系统主电路;同时TMS320LF240为中央处理器,设计控制电路。
The control of constant voltage frequency ratio, which is also called constant V/F control, is one of the most popular control modes in inverter application. With it's simple structure and low cost,constant V/F control is app1ied to some low dynamic performance applications such as fan,water pump and so forth. At present, there is a big market for this inverter due to its economy and popularity. In this paper, a specimen of the inverter system adopted a TMS320LF2407 DSP chip as its controller by using constant V/F control and space vector PWM technique is designed. Some key Problems are analyzed in theory and methods of them are put forward. The main content in this paper is as following.
1. After elaborating SPWM and SVPWM technology,their characteristics are compared in order to find which suits the practical application. Finally, SVPWM technology will be adopted.
2. The paper expatiates on the reason of dead-time in theory, analyzes the influence of dead- time in SVPWM on output voltage and discusses the relation between the output voltage vector position and the three-phase current direction by using space vector graph, A new method, which divides the three-phase current into six regions and compensates only one phase output voltage in every region, to compensate the dead-time is put forward. Judging the angle of output voltage vector to acquire the direction of three-phase current, this method can avoid an appearance of many zeros when current is detected.
3. Three-phase bridge incontrollable full-wave rectifier circuits and the inverter circuit constitute the main circuit of AC-DC-A voltage source inverter system. In this system, the rectifier part is composed of diodes and the inverter part is made up of IPM. The control part, which takes a TMS320LF2407 chip as the central processor.
1.阐述了电压正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)技术和空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术,对二者的特点进行比较,并将空间矢量脉宽调制技术用于实际变频器系统中。
2.详细分析死区产生的机理和空间矢量PWM中死区效应对输出电压的影响,并结合空间矢量图,讨论了输出电压矢量位置与三相电流方向的关系。在此基础上,提出了一种新型的死区补偿策略,将三相电流分成六个区域,并在每个区域只对其中一相输出电压进行补偿。该方法通过判断输出电压矢量的角度来获取三相电流的方向,避免了电流检测中多个零点的现象。
3.以二极管构成三相桥式不可控全波整流电路,并以IPM作为功率器件构成逆变电路组成的交一直一交电压源型变频系统主电路;同时TMS320LF240为中央处理器,设计控制电路。
The control of constant voltage frequency ratio, which is also called constant V/F control, is one of the most popular control modes in inverter application. With it's simple structure and low cost,constant V/F control is app1ied to some low dynamic performance applications such as fan,water pump and so forth. At present, there is a big market for this inverter due to its economy and popularity. In this paper, a specimen of the inverter system adopted a TMS320LF2407 DSP chip as its controller by using constant V/F control and space vector PWM technique is designed. Some key Problems are analyzed in theory and methods of them are put forward. The main content in this paper is as following.
1. After elaborating SPWM and SVPWM technology,their characteristics are compared in order to find which suits the practical application. Finally, SVPWM technology will be adopted.
2. The paper expatiates on the reason of dead-time in theory, analyzes the influence of dead- time in SVPWM on output voltage and discusses the relation between the output voltage vector position and the three-phase current direction by using space vector graph, A new method, which divides the three-phase current into six regions and compensates only one phase output voltage in every region, to compensate the dead-time is put forward. Judging the angle of output voltage vector to acquire the direction of three-phase current, this method can avoid an appearance of many zeros when current is detected.
3. Three-phase bridge incontrollable full-wave rectifier circuits and the inverter circuit constitute the main circuit of AC-DC-A voltage source inverter system. In this system, the rectifier part is composed of diodes and the inverter part is made up of IPM. The control part, which takes a TMS320LF2407 chip as the central processor.
引文
[1] 韩安荣主编.通用变频器及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[2] 王仁祥编著.通用变频器选型与维修技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[3] 赵长德主编.MCS-51/98 单片机原理与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[4] 江思敏.TMS320LF240xDSP 硬件开发教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[5] TMS320LF2407,TMS320LF2406A,TMS320LF2403A,TMS320LF2402A,TMS320LC- 2406A,TMS320LC2404A,TMS320LC2402A,DSP Controllers. Texas Instruments,2002
[6] 张燕宾.变频调速应用实践.北京:机械工业出版社.2000
[7] 冯垛生,张森.变频器的应用与维护.广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001
[8] 孙树朴,李明等.电力电子技术.江苏徐州: 中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[9] 陈国呈.PWM变频调速及软开关电力变换技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[10] ProfJ.T.Boys , P.G.Handley.Hannonic Analysis of Space Vector Modulated PWM Waveforms. IEEE Proceedings,137(4),l990:535-538
[11] Ben-Bralum,L. The analysis and compensation of dead-time effect in three phase PWM inverters[C],IEEE IECON98,Rec,1998:202-205
[12] 胡庆波.一种新颖的基于空间矢量PWM的死区补偿方法.中国电机学报. 2005,25(3): 13-17
[13] 吴忠智,吴加林.变频器应用手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[14] 王潞钢、陈林康,《基于新型空间矢量选择模式的PWM逆变器》,中小型电动机, 2001.6:27-30
[15] 徐以容、冷增祥,《电力电子学基础》,东南大学出版社,1993
[16] 熊越,康勇,张凯等,《电压空间矢量调制与常规SVPWM的比较研究》, 电力电子技术, 1999,1:25-28
[17] 谢勤岚,陈红,《PWM逆变器中工GBT 的损耗计算》,中南民族大学学报 (自然科学版),2003.1
[18] 王妍等,《基于DSP的空间电压矢量法PWM的研究》,电机与控制学报, 2000.6:98-101
[19] TMS320LF2407,TMS320LF2406,TMS320LF2402 DSP Controllers. Texas Instruments,2002
[20] TMS320LF/LC240xA DSP Controllers Reference Guide System and Peripherais. Texas Instruments,2001
[21] 刘和平,严利平等.TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[22] Understanding the TMS320F240 External Memory Interface Texas Instruments,1998
[23] 刘和平,王维俊等.TMS320LF240xDSP C语言开发应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[24] 张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉.DSP的芯片原理与开发应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[25] 清源科技.TMS320LF240xDsP应用程序设计教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[26] 王潞钢,陈林康等.DsPcZO0 程序员高手进阶.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[27] 王妍等,《基于DSP的空间电压矢量法PWM的研究》,电机与控制学报,2000.6:98-101
[28] 翁力、韩林等,《SVPWM扇区过渡的探讨》,中小型电机,2004
[29] 王潞钢、陈林康,《基于新型空间矢量选择模式的PWM逆变器》,中小型电动机, 2001.6:27-30
[30] 徐以容、冷增祥,《电力电子学基础》,东南大学出版社,1993
[31] 熊越,康勇,张凯等,《电压空间矢量调制与常规SVPWM的比较研究》,电力电子技术,1999,1:25-28
[32] 谢勤岚,陈红《,PWM逆变器中工GBT 的损耗计算》,中南民族大学学报 (自然科学版),2003.1
[33] 谢力华,苏彦民,《正弦波逆变电源的数字控制技术》,电力电子技术 ,2001.6:52-60
[34] 杨贵杰等,《数字脉宽调制方法的研究》,哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004.7
[35] 杨贵杰、孙力、崔乃政《,空间矢量脉宽调制方法的研究》,中国电机工程学报,2001.:79-83
[36] 叶治政等,《开关稳压电源》,高等教育出版社,1989
[37] 张立等,《现代电力电子技术》,科学出版社,1992
[38] 张惠、冯英,《电源大全》,西安交通大学出版社,1993
[39] 张桂斌、徐政《,不对称电压空间矢量PWM的研究与仿真》,电工技术学报, 2001.3:62-66
[40] 张志涌,《掌握和精通MATLAB》,航空航天大学出版社,1997
[41] 张崇巍、张兴,《PWM整流器及其控制》,机械工业出版社,2003
[42] 詹长江,陈坚,康勇,段善旭,《基于空间矢量PWM算法的全数字化调速系统》,电力电子技术,1979.11: 30-33
[43] 张纯江,张金泉,孙孝峰,《空间矢量PWM波形的谐波仿真研究》, 燕山大学学报,2000.2:141-144
[44] Jian Sun;Grotstollen H.;《Optimized Space Vector Modulation And Regular-Sampled PWM:a Reexamination》,IEEE Thirty-First IAS Annua1 Meeting ,IA S 9 6,Conf.Rec. Volume:2,1996:956-963
[45] Sidney R. Bowes; n-Shi Lai; 《The Relationship between Space-Vector Modulation and Regular-SamPled PWM》,IEEE Trans. on Industry Electronics.1997,44(5):670-679
[46] Kelians Zhou and Danwei wang,《Relationship between Space-Vector Modulation and Three-Phase Carrier-Based PWM: A Comprehensive Analysis》, IEEE Trans. On Industry Electronics 2002,49(1):186-196
[47] A.E,Fitzgerald,Charles Kingsley, Jr. Stephen D. Umans. Electric Machinery (Sixth edition),Tsinghua University Press 2003
[48] General Consideration for IGBT and Intelligent Power Modules Mitsubishi Power Devices,Mar.2001
[49] XiaoweiZhang:YongdongLi;Wensenwang; 《 A Novel Im plementation of SVPWM Algorithm And Its App1ication To Three-Phase Power Convert》,The Third Internationa1 Power E1ectronics and Motion Contro1 Conference,2000.3
[50] AsplundG,ErikssonK,etal, 《DC transmission based on voltage source converters》,CIGRE, Pairs,1998.33
[2] 王仁祥编著.通用变频器选型与维修技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[3] 赵长德主编.MCS-51/98 单片机原理与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[4] 江思敏.TMS320LF240xDSP 硬件开发教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[5] TMS320LF2407,TMS320LF2406A,TMS320LF2403A,TMS320LF2402A,TMS320LC- 2406A,TMS320LC2404A,TMS320LC2402A,DSP Controllers. Texas Instruments,2002
[6] 张燕宾.变频调速应用实践.北京:机械工业出版社.2000
[7] 冯垛生,张森.变频器的应用与维护.广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001
[8] 孙树朴,李明等.电力电子技术.江苏徐州: 中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[9] 陈国呈.PWM变频调速及软开关电力变换技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[10] ProfJ.T.Boys , P.G.Handley.Hannonic Analysis of Space Vector Modulated PWM Waveforms. IEEE Proceedings,137(4),l990:535-538
[11] Ben-Bralum,L. The analysis and compensation of dead-time effect in three phase PWM inverters[C],IEEE IECON98,Rec,1998:202-205
[12] 胡庆波.一种新颖的基于空间矢量PWM的死区补偿方法.中国电机学报. 2005,25(3): 13-17
[13] 吴忠智,吴加林.变频器应用手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[14] 王潞钢、陈林康,《基于新型空间矢量选择模式的PWM逆变器》,中小型电动机, 2001.6:27-30
[15] 徐以容、冷增祥,《电力电子学基础》,东南大学出版社,1993
[16] 熊越,康勇,张凯等,《电压空间矢量调制与常规SVPWM的比较研究》, 电力电子技术, 1999,1:25-28
[17] 谢勤岚,陈红,《PWM逆变器中工GBT 的损耗计算》,中南民族大学学报 (自然科学版),2003.1
[18] 王妍等,《基于DSP的空间电压矢量法PWM的研究》,电机与控制学报, 2000.6:98-101
[19] TMS320LF2407,TMS320LF2406,TMS320LF2402 DSP Controllers. Texas Instruments,2002
[20] TMS320LF/LC240xA DSP Controllers Reference Guide System and Peripherais. Texas Instruments,2001
[21] 刘和平,严利平等.TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[22] Understanding the TMS320F240 External Memory Interface Texas Instruments,1998
[23] 刘和平,王维俊等.TMS320LF240xDSP C语言开发应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[24] 张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉.DSP的芯片原理与开发应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[25] 清源科技.TMS320LF240xDsP应用程序设计教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[26] 王潞钢,陈林康等.DsPcZO0 程序员高手进阶.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[27] 王妍等,《基于DSP的空间电压矢量法PWM的研究》,电机与控制学报,2000.6:98-101
[28] 翁力、韩林等,《SVPWM扇区过渡的探讨》,中小型电机,2004
[29] 王潞钢、陈林康,《基于新型空间矢量选择模式的PWM逆变器》,中小型电动机, 2001.6:27-30
[30] 徐以容、冷增祥,《电力电子学基础》,东南大学出版社,1993
[31] 熊越,康勇,张凯等,《电压空间矢量调制与常规SVPWM的比较研究》,电力电子技术,1999,1:25-28
[32] 谢勤岚,陈红《,PWM逆变器中工GBT 的损耗计算》,中南民族大学学报 (自然科学版),2003.1
[33] 谢力华,苏彦民,《正弦波逆变电源的数字控制技术》,电力电子技术 ,2001.6:52-60
[34] 杨贵杰等,《数字脉宽调制方法的研究》,哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004.7
[35] 杨贵杰、孙力、崔乃政《,空间矢量脉宽调制方法的研究》,中国电机工程学报,2001.:79-83
[36] 叶治政等,《开关稳压电源》,高等教育出版社,1989
[37] 张立等,《现代电力电子技术》,科学出版社,1992
[38] 张惠、冯英,《电源大全》,西安交通大学出版社,1993
[39] 张桂斌、徐政《,不对称电压空间矢量PWM的研究与仿真》,电工技术学报, 2001.3:62-66
[40] 张志涌,《掌握和精通MATLAB》,航空航天大学出版社,1997
[41] 张崇巍、张兴,《PWM整流器及其控制》,机械工业出版社,2003
[42] 詹长江,陈坚,康勇,段善旭,《基于空间矢量PWM算法的全数字化调速系统》,电力电子技术,1979.11: 30-33
[43] 张纯江,张金泉,孙孝峰,《空间矢量PWM波形的谐波仿真研究》, 燕山大学学报,2000.2:141-144
[44] Jian Sun;Grotstollen H.;《Optimized Space Vector Modulation And Regular-Sampled PWM:a Reexamination》,IEEE Thirty-First IAS Annua1 Meeting ,IA S 9 6,Conf.Rec. Volume:2,1996:956-963
[45] Sidney R. Bowes; n-Shi Lai; 《The Relationship between Space-Vector Modulation and Regular-SamPled PWM》,IEEE Trans. on Industry Electronics.1997,44(5):670-679
[46] Kelians Zhou and Danwei wang,《Relationship between Space-Vector Modulation and Three-Phase Carrier-Based PWM: A Comprehensive Analysis》, IEEE Trans. On Industry Electronics 2002,49(1):186-196
[47] A.E,Fitzgerald,Charles Kingsley, Jr. Stephen D. Umans. Electric Machinery (Sixth edition),Tsinghua University Press 2003
[48] General Consideration for IGBT and Intelligent Power Modules Mitsubishi Power Devices,Mar.2001
[49] XiaoweiZhang:YongdongLi;Wensenwang; 《 A Novel Im plementation of SVPWM Algorithm And Its App1ication To Three-Phase Power Convert》,The Third Internationa1 Power E1ectronics and Motion Contro1 Conference,2000.3
[50] AsplundG,ErikssonK,etal, 《DC transmission based on voltage source converters》,CIGRE, Pairs,1998.33