俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作发展研究
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摘要
1991年,前苏联解体,俄罗斯社会发展进入了从社会主义走向资本主义的全面转型时期。这种转型,不仅体现为政治体制、经济制度、文化艺术发展的激烈动荡和深刻变化,更引发了人们思想意识、社会心理的强烈震撼和深刻的矛盾、困惑和冲突。建筑作为承载社会生活的实用艺术,在社会因素的深层制约下,其发展必然从不同的层次与深度体现社会发展所产生的各种“转型”效应,因而,1991年至今的这段时期对于当代俄罗斯建筑创作而言具有重要意义,这一时期的建筑创作发展带有明显的、与社会发展的特殊阶段相关联的变化性与独特性。
进入二十一世纪以来,俄罗斯从转型初期的全面危机走向复兴发展,随着社会的稳定发展,经济的日渐繁荣,俄罗斯建筑行业以当今世界少有的建设量和回报率而受到世界投资者的关注,建筑市场这种高速发展的态势吸引了全世界建筑行业的目光,使俄罗斯成为当今世界最受关注的建筑发展地区之一。于此同时,俄罗斯转型时期是历史上少有的、艺术风格未受统治阶层控制的时期,在经历了社会主义时期的风格管制之后,这段时期的建筑创作以风格自由著称,其发展呈现出独特的多样性和超常性。转型时期的建筑创作在全球化、国际化的引导下,在本国传统文化、民族性的制约下已经走向新的探索,呈现出多元化的发展趋向,并日益成为国际建筑体系中倍受瞩目的发展区域之一。
基于俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的重要发展,以及我国建筑理论界对于这一时期的俄罗斯建筑创作方面研究的欠缺。本文以俄罗斯国家解体、社会转型为研究背景,以转型时期建筑创作为研究对象,通过系统地分析,总结俄罗斯在社会转型前后建筑创作的主要发展概况,全景式的描述了转型前后俄罗斯建筑创作发展的总体特征,并深入研究和分析了俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的发展变迁和发展阈限。同时将“发展研究”物化到具体建筑作品中,对俄罗斯近几年新建的优秀实例进行分类总结,从而更清晰的反映俄罗斯建筑创作的实质。并以此为基面,搭建起俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的研究框架。
首先,以社会转型为研究基点,将社会同建筑创作体系进行直观性的多维整合,在俄罗斯社会转型的独特性同建筑创作之间寻找现象背后的关联机制。论文深入研究了社会因素对建筑创作的作用机制,以社会体制、社会经济、社会心理三个同源于社会语境的视角为出发点,分析转型时期建筑创作产生各种“转型”效应的社会根源,并深入剖析由此引发的深刻影响,研究俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作发展独特的转型变化。
其次,以文化维度为研究视阈,分析俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的发展。论文以文化传统观、文化地域观、文化趋同观为研究基点,将转型时期的俄罗斯建筑创作的发展主流归纳为在传统文化影响下的古典主义发展、在独特的民族文化引领下的地域建筑发展以及在全球文化趋同促进下的建筑文化的多元整合。并结合建筑创作实例,对转型时期建筑创作的各发展主流进行前瞻性的分析。
最后,以技术维度为研究视阈,分析俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的发展。在技术发展观、技术时代观、技术系统观的指导下,论文从技术思维、技术手段、技术系统三个层面归纳了建筑创作在技术推动下所产生的可持续发展、多维度创新以及复杂化发展的重要趋向,并以建筑实例展示了转型时期的俄罗斯建筑在这些趋向下的创作探索。
综上所述,本文正是基于社会转型的特殊背景,从社会维度、文化维度、技术维度着手,通过探讨其在建筑创作中的不同作用,分析其对转型时期建筑创作发展的影响。从不同角度、不同层面揭示俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的发展机制:社会是主导建筑创作发展的决定性因素,全面作用于建筑创作的各个领域,并主导建筑创作的发展方向;文化是制约建筑创作发展的综合场域,多种文化场域的交织与碰撞呈现出建筑创作发展的多元化格局;技术是促进建筑创作发展的先锋力量,正是由于技术发展的引导,使建筑创作的创新发展成为可能。
Since the disintegration of the former Soviet Union in 1991, Russian society systems have been entering a full transition period– from socialism to capitalism. The transition has been reflected in intense instability and profound changes of the political system, economic system, art and cultural development, and moreover, the transition raised strong shocks, compound contradictions, confusion and conflict of ideology and social psychology. Architecture, as a practical art bearing social life, is restricted by the social factors, and its development has inevitably reflected a variety of transitional effects caused by social evolution in different layers and depth. Therefore, the period since 1991 is significantly meaningful for contemporary Russian architectural creation, the development of which has shown sharp difference and uniqueness related to particular society development phase.
With the stable development of society and the prosperity of economics in the 21st century, Russia has come out of the early transitional crisis and stepped into a recovery evolution. Russian architecture has attracted attention of international investors by its large niche and rare rate of return. The state of high development makes Russian architecture market the most dazzling investment orientation. On the other hand, the Russian transition period is very unique, for during the period the art style has barely manipulated by the governing class, and after the control and restriction of socialist times, the new period architecture has been well known by its free style, and its development presents unique variety and extraordinary characteristics. Under the guidance of globalization and internationalization, and the restriction of local traditional culture and national character, the architectural creation during the period has been transiting into new exploration, presenting diversified development trends and become one of the most attracting areas among the international architectural systems.
The thesis focuses on the research of Russian architectural creation of the transition period, and its evolution, which is, in the architectural theory field in our country, a research insufficiency at present. Based on the disintegration of the country and the transition of social systems, the thesis concludes the era representation and development of Russian architectural creation of the transition period, and gives a deep analysis of the main factors that exerts influences on architectural creation. Meanwhile, the paper materializes the development research into specific architectural works, giving a comprehensive summarization of excellent architectural instances created in recent years, to clearly reflect the essence of Russian architectural creation. Based on these, the thesis sets up a full research framework of Russian architectural creation of the transition period.
First of all, based on the social system transformation, the thesis integrates the dimensions of social systems and architectural creation, in a intuitional and visualized way, to find out the correlation of the Russian social system transition and architectural creation behind the superficial phenomena. The thesis deeply analyzes the mechanism of influences from social factors to architectural creation, and discusses the social root causes of the transition of architectural creation, according to the three different angles of social system, economics, and social psychology, based on which, the thesis also dissects the profound influences of the social factors, and the unique transitional changes of Russian architectural creation development.
Secondly, the thesis gives an analysis of Russian architectural creation evolution of the transition period in the view of cultural dimension. Based on traditional culture, regional culture and cultural trends, the thesis attributes the main evolution of Russian architectural creation of the transition period to the development of classicism influenced by traditional culture, the development of regional architecture led by unique national culture, and the integration of various architectural cultures accelerated by convergence of global culture. Furthermore, in accordance with architectural creation instances, the thesis gives perspective analysis of a variety of main developments of architectural creation of transition period.
Finally, in the view of technological dimension, the thesis analyzes Russian architectural creation evolution of the transition period. Under the guidance of technological development theories, technological times theories, and technological system theories, the thesis concludes the significant trends of consistent development, multi-dimensional innovation, complex development of architectural creation caused by the promotion of technologies, from the three layers of technological theories, technological methods and technological systems.
Overall, the thesis, based on the particular background of Russian social system transition, discusses the influences of the transition on architectural creation and its evolution, from the different dimensions of social systems, culture and technological development. The thesis reveals the development mechanism of architectural creation in the transition period. In this mechanism, society is the dominant factor of architectural development, impacting every field of architectural creation, and determining the development directions. Culture, on the other hand, acts as a comprehensive factor restricting the development of architectural creation. The interweaving and collision of different culture streams brings out the diversified structure of architectural creation. Technology is the main force that promotes the development and evolution of architectural creation. It is because of the acceleration of technologies that the innovation and evolution of architectural creation have been continuing.
进入二十一世纪以来,俄罗斯从转型初期的全面危机走向复兴发展,随着社会的稳定发展,经济的日渐繁荣,俄罗斯建筑行业以当今世界少有的建设量和回报率而受到世界投资者的关注,建筑市场这种高速发展的态势吸引了全世界建筑行业的目光,使俄罗斯成为当今世界最受关注的建筑发展地区之一。于此同时,俄罗斯转型时期是历史上少有的、艺术风格未受统治阶层控制的时期,在经历了社会主义时期的风格管制之后,这段时期的建筑创作以风格自由著称,其发展呈现出独特的多样性和超常性。转型时期的建筑创作在全球化、国际化的引导下,在本国传统文化、民族性的制约下已经走向新的探索,呈现出多元化的发展趋向,并日益成为国际建筑体系中倍受瞩目的发展区域之一。
基于俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的重要发展,以及我国建筑理论界对于这一时期的俄罗斯建筑创作方面研究的欠缺。本文以俄罗斯国家解体、社会转型为研究背景,以转型时期建筑创作为研究对象,通过系统地分析,总结俄罗斯在社会转型前后建筑创作的主要发展概况,全景式的描述了转型前后俄罗斯建筑创作发展的总体特征,并深入研究和分析了俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的发展变迁和发展阈限。同时将“发展研究”物化到具体建筑作品中,对俄罗斯近几年新建的优秀实例进行分类总结,从而更清晰的反映俄罗斯建筑创作的实质。并以此为基面,搭建起俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的研究框架。
首先,以社会转型为研究基点,将社会同建筑创作体系进行直观性的多维整合,在俄罗斯社会转型的独特性同建筑创作之间寻找现象背后的关联机制。论文深入研究了社会因素对建筑创作的作用机制,以社会体制、社会经济、社会心理三个同源于社会语境的视角为出发点,分析转型时期建筑创作产生各种“转型”效应的社会根源,并深入剖析由此引发的深刻影响,研究俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作发展独特的转型变化。
其次,以文化维度为研究视阈,分析俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的发展。论文以文化传统观、文化地域观、文化趋同观为研究基点,将转型时期的俄罗斯建筑创作的发展主流归纳为在传统文化影响下的古典主义发展、在独特的民族文化引领下的地域建筑发展以及在全球文化趋同促进下的建筑文化的多元整合。并结合建筑创作实例,对转型时期建筑创作的各发展主流进行前瞻性的分析。
最后,以技术维度为研究视阈,分析俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的发展。在技术发展观、技术时代观、技术系统观的指导下,论文从技术思维、技术手段、技术系统三个层面归纳了建筑创作在技术推动下所产生的可持续发展、多维度创新以及复杂化发展的重要趋向,并以建筑实例展示了转型时期的俄罗斯建筑在这些趋向下的创作探索。
综上所述,本文正是基于社会转型的特殊背景,从社会维度、文化维度、技术维度着手,通过探讨其在建筑创作中的不同作用,分析其对转型时期建筑创作发展的影响。从不同角度、不同层面揭示俄罗斯转型时期建筑创作的发展机制:社会是主导建筑创作发展的决定性因素,全面作用于建筑创作的各个领域,并主导建筑创作的发展方向;文化是制约建筑创作发展的综合场域,多种文化场域的交织与碰撞呈现出建筑创作发展的多元化格局;技术是促进建筑创作发展的先锋力量,正是由于技术发展的引导,使建筑创作的创新发展成为可能。
Since the disintegration of the former Soviet Union in 1991, Russian society systems have been entering a full transition period– from socialism to capitalism. The transition has been reflected in intense instability and profound changes of the political system, economic system, art and cultural development, and moreover, the transition raised strong shocks, compound contradictions, confusion and conflict of ideology and social psychology. Architecture, as a practical art bearing social life, is restricted by the social factors, and its development has inevitably reflected a variety of transitional effects caused by social evolution in different layers and depth. Therefore, the period since 1991 is significantly meaningful for contemporary Russian architectural creation, the development of which has shown sharp difference and uniqueness related to particular society development phase.
With the stable development of society and the prosperity of economics in the 21st century, Russia has come out of the early transitional crisis and stepped into a recovery evolution. Russian architecture has attracted attention of international investors by its large niche and rare rate of return. The state of high development makes Russian architecture market the most dazzling investment orientation. On the other hand, the Russian transition period is very unique, for during the period the art style has barely manipulated by the governing class, and after the control and restriction of socialist times, the new period architecture has been well known by its free style, and its development presents unique variety and extraordinary characteristics. Under the guidance of globalization and internationalization, and the restriction of local traditional culture and national character, the architectural creation during the period has been transiting into new exploration, presenting diversified development trends and become one of the most attracting areas among the international architectural systems.
The thesis focuses on the research of Russian architectural creation of the transition period, and its evolution, which is, in the architectural theory field in our country, a research insufficiency at present. Based on the disintegration of the country and the transition of social systems, the thesis concludes the era representation and development of Russian architectural creation of the transition period, and gives a deep analysis of the main factors that exerts influences on architectural creation. Meanwhile, the paper materializes the development research into specific architectural works, giving a comprehensive summarization of excellent architectural instances created in recent years, to clearly reflect the essence of Russian architectural creation. Based on these, the thesis sets up a full research framework of Russian architectural creation of the transition period.
First of all, based on the social system transformation, the thesis integrates the dimensions of social systems and architectural creation, in a intuitional and visualized way, to find out the correlation of the Russian social system transition and architectural creation behind the superficial phenomena. The thesis deeply analyzes the mechanism of influences from social factors to architectural creation, and discusses the social root causes of the transition of architectural creation, according to the three different angles of social system, economics, and social psychology, based on which, the thesis also dissects the profound influences of the social factors, and the unique transitional changes of Russian architectural creation development.
Secondly, the thesis gives an analysis of Russian architectural creation evolution of the transition period in the view of cultural dimension. Based on traditional culture, regional culture and cultural trends, the thesis attributes the main evolution of Russian architectural creation of the transition period to the development of classicism influenced by traditional culture, the development of regional architecture led by unique national culture, and the integration of various architectural cultures accelerated by convergence of global culture. Furthermore, in accordance with architectural creation instances, the thesis gives perspective analysis of a variety of main developments of architectural creation of transition period.
Finally, in the view of technological dimension, the thesis analyzes Russian architectural creation evolution of the transition period. Under the guidance of technological development theories, technological times theories, and technological system theories, the thesis concludes the significant trends of consistent development, multi-dimensional innovation, complex development of architectural creation caused by the promotion of technologies, from the three layers of technological theories, technological methods and technological systems.
Overall, the thesis, based on the particular background of Russian social system transition, discusses the influences of the transition on architectural creation and its evolution, from the different dimensions of social systems, culture and technological development. The thesis reveals the development mechanism of architectural creation in the transition period. In this mechanism, society is the dominant factor of architectural development, impacting every field of architectural creation, and determining the development directions. Culture, on the other hand, acts as a comprehensive factor restricting the development of architectural creation. The interweaving and collision of different culture streams brings out the diversified structure of architectural creation. Technology is the main force that promotes the development and evolution of architectural creation. It is because of the acceleration of technologies that the innovation and evolution of architectural creation have been continuing.
引文
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