腐霉菌对大豆幼苗生理生化指标的影响及其抗性研究
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摘要
腐霉菌在世界范围引起大豆病害，是大豆根腐病的主要病原菌之一。主要侵染土壤中未萌发的种子、出土前幼苗的下胚轴和根部、出土后植株的根尖和营养根，造成种子腐烂、幼苗出土前后倒伏等。本试验通过种子腐烂测试法，对大豆品种进行抗腐霉菌鉴定，选择抗、感腐霉菌的大豆品种，研究其幼苗接种腐霉菌后下胚轴生理生化指标的变化，评价各生理生化指标在大豆与腐霉菌互作过程中的抗性作用。结果如下：
1.大豆对腐霉菌的抗性鉴定
利用种子腐烂测试法对常见的大豆栽培品种进行了抗腐霉菌鉴定，结果表明东农47、黑河38、抗线5、抗线3对腐霉菌表现为高感病性，合丰52、绥07-361对腐霉菌表现为中感病性，灰不支黑豆、嫰丰16、嫰丰19、黑农55对腐霉菌表现为抗病性。
2.腐霉菌对大豆幼苗生理、生化指标的影响
在接种腐霉菌后，抗、感病大豆品种接种处理的侧根数、子叶的干物质含量、胚根的干物质含量和根冠比都少于对照处理，抗病品种接种处理的侧根数、子叶的干物质含量、胚根的干物质含量和根冠比的减少幅度明显小于感病品种。在腐霉菌侵染前期，抗病品种的PAL活性、几丁质酶活性、总酚含量、类黄酮含量快速上升，但感病品种在此时表现为上升较缓，抗病品种的PAL活性、几丁质酶活性、总酚含量和类黄酮含量的最大峰值都高于感病品种；抗病品种的POD活性、可溶性糖含量随接种时间的延长呈现整体快速上升的趋势，感病品种POD活性、可溶性糖含量上升则相对缓慢，抗病品种的POD峰值高于感病品种；在接种腐霉菌后，抗病品种的脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量变化幅度明显小于感病品种。
3.选择最佳抗、感腐霉菌的大豆杂交组合亲本
黑农55与理想参考种的关联度最大为0.925，其它品种的关联度排序依次为嫩丰19、嫩丰16、抗线3、东农47、抗线5，选择黑农55和抗线5作为抗腐霉菌基因分子标记的抗感杂交组合的亲本，亲本DNA间具有多态性，多态性引物频率为16.00%。
Soybean was susceptible by Pythium in the world. Pythium was the main pathogens of the diseasesoybean root rot. It mainly infected unerupted seed in the soil, the hypocotyls and root before the seedemergence and the apical and nutritive root after the seed emergence. It causes the seeds to rot, theseeding lodging befor and after seedling emergence, et al. According to the seed decay test method, thisexperiment made the identification of soybean varieties for the resistance of Pythium. Physiological andbiochemical indexes change of soybean hypocotyls after soybean seeding of the resistant varieties andsusceptible varieties inoculation Pythium was studied. The resistance effect of the physiological andbiochemical index between the interaction of soybean and Pythium was studied.The results as:
1. Identification of resistance of soybean to Pythium
The experiment used seed decay test method on common soybean cultivars for resistance toPythium identification. The results show that Dongnong47, Heihe38, Kangxian5and Kangxian3showed high susceptibility for Pythium. Hefeng52andSui07-361performed moderate susceptibility onPythium. The Huibuzhiheidou, Nenfeng16、Zooplankton abundance19、Heinong55manifested diseaseresistance on Pythium.
2. Effect of Pythium infection on physiological and biochemical indexes of soybean seedling
After inoculation Pythium, the lateral root number, cotyledons of dry matter content, radicle of drymatter content and root cap of the resistant and susceptible soybean varieties was less than the controlsample.The reduced amplitude of the ratio of the lateral root number, cotyledons of dry matter content,radicle of dry matter content and root cap of the resistant soybean varieties is significantly smaller thanthe susceptible cultivar.Early infection Pythium, the content of the PAL activity, chitinase activity, totalphenolics content, and flavonoids content in resistant varieties rises quickly, but the content ofsusceptible varieties rises slowly. The peak of PAL activity, chitinase activity, total phenolics content,and flavonoids content of the disease resistant varieties was higher than that of susceptible varieties.ThePOD activity, soluble sugar content in resistant varieties with the extend of the inoculation time showsrapid upward trend. The POD peak of the disease resistant varieties was higher than that of susceptiblevarieties, but the content of susceptible varieties rises slowly. After the infection of Pythium, the prolineand MDA content of the disease resistant varieties was significantly less than that in susceptiblecultivars.
3. Selection of the best parent crosses on the differences resistance to Pythium
The maximum correlation of the ideal reference and Heinong55was0.925. The relevance rankingof other types in turn is Nenfeng19, Nenfeng16, Kangxian3, Dongnong47, and Kangxian5. Thisexperiment selects Heinong55and Kangxian5as the resistant and susceptible hybrid crosses that markedby the resistance to Pythium gene molecular.The DNA of resistant Heinong55and susceptibleKangxian5exists polymorphism, and polymorphic primers frequency is16%.
1.大豆对腐霉菌的抗性鉴定
利用种子腐烂测试法对常见的大豆栽培品种进行了抗腐霉菌鉴定，结果表明东农47、黑河38、抗线5、抗线3对腐霉菌表现为高感病性，合丰52、绥07-361对腐霉菌表现为中感病性，灰不支黑豆、嫰丰16、嫰丰19、黑农55对腐霉菌表现为抗病性。
2.腐霉菌对大豆幼苗生理、生化指标的影响
在接种腐霉菌后，抗、感病大豆品种接种处理的侧根数、子叶的干物质含量、胚根的干物质含量和根冠比都少于对照处理，抗病品种接种处理的侧根数、子叶的干物质含量、胚根的干物质含量和根冠比的减少幅度明显小于感病品种。在腐霉菌侵染前期，抗病品种的PAL活性、几丁质酶活性、总酚含量、类黄酮含量快速上升，但感病品种在此时表现为上升较缓，抗病品种的PAL活性、几丁质酶活性、总酚含量和类黄酮含量的最大峰值都高于感病品种；抗病品种的POD活性、可溶性糖含量随接种时间的延长呈现整体快速上升的趋势，感病品种POD活性、可溶性糖含量上升则相对缓慢，抗病品种的POD峰值高于感病品种；在接种腐霉菌后，抗病品种的脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量变化幅度明显小于感病品种。
3.选择最佳抗、感腐霉菌的大豆杂交组合亲本
黑农55与理想参考种的关联度最大为0.925，其它品种的关联度排序依次为嫩丰19、嫩丰16、抗线3、东农47、抗线5，选择黑农55和抗线5作为抗腐霉菌基因分子标记的抗感杂交组合的亲本，亲本DNA间具有多态性，多态性引物频率为16.00%。
Soybean was susceptible by Pythium in the world. Pythium was the main pathogens of the diseasesoybean root rot. It mainly infected unerupted seed in the soil, the hypocotyls and root before the seedemergence and the apical and nutritive root after the seed emergence. It causes the seeds to rot, theseeding lodging befor and after seedling emergence, et al. According to the seed decay test method, thisexperiment made the identification of soybean varieties for the resistance of Pythium. Physiological andbiochemical indexes change of soybean hypocotyls after soybean seeding of the resistant varieties andsusceptible varieties inoculation Pythium was studied. The resistance effect of the physiological andbiochemical index between the interaction of soybean and Pythium was studied.The results as:
1. Identification of resistance of soybean to Pythium
The experiment used seed decay test method on common soybean cultivars for resistance toPythium identification. The results show that Dongnong47, Heihe38, Kangxian5and Kangxian3showed high susceptibility for Pythium. Hefeng52andSui07-361performed moderate susceptibility onPythium. The Huibuzhiheidou, Nenfeng16、Zooplankton abundance19、Heinong55manifested diseaseresistance on Pythium.
2. Effect of Pythium infection on physiological and biochemical indexes of soybean seedling
After inoculation Pythium, the lateral root number, cotyledons of dry matter content, radicle of drymatter content and root cap of the resistant and susceptible soybean varieties was less than the controlsample.The reduced amplitude of the ratio of the lateral root number, cotyledons of dry matter content,radicle of dry matter content and root cap of the resistant soybean varieties is significantly smaller thanthe susceptible cultivar.Early infection Pythium, the content of the PAL activity, chitinase activity, totalphenolics content, and flavonoids content in resistant varieties rises quickly, but the content ofsusceptible varieties rises slowly. The peak of PAL activity, chitinase activity, total phenolics content,and flavonoids content of the disease resistant varieties was higher than that of susceptible varieties.ThePOD activity, soluble sugar content in resistant varieties with the extend of the inoculation time showsrapid upward trend. The POD peak of the disease resistant varieties was higher than that of susceptiblevarieties, but the content of susceptible varieties rises slowly. After the infection of Pythium, the prolineand MDA content of the disease resistant varieties was significantly less than that in susceptiblecultivars.
3. Selection of the best parent crosses on the differences resistance to Pythium
The maximum correlation of the ideal reference and Heinong55was0.925. The relevance rankingof other types in turn is Nenfeng19, Nenfeng16, Kangxian3, Dongnong47, and Kangxian5. Thisexperiment selects Heinong55and Kangxian5as the resistant and susceptible hybrid crosses that markedby the resistance to Pythium gene molecular.The DNA of resistant Heinong55and susceptibleKangxian5exists polymorphism, and polymorphic primers frequency is16%.
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