组织间信息系统协同形成机理研究
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摘要
随着信息系统在组织中的运用越来越广泛,信息技术的不断进步,为了能够支持信息更加快速高效的在组织之间进行传递,组织开始要求信息系统能够跨越组织的边界,从而形成了组织间信息系统。本文综合运用管理学、信息科学、情报学、复杂科学、数学、哲学等相关学科的理论和方法,围绕着组织间信息系统协同的“问题界定——影响因素——原理分析——模型分析——程度评价”的从理论到实践的研究思路展开研究工作。
论文在对国内外专家和学者关于组织间信息系统的相关研究进行总结和分析的基础上,提出了对组织间信息系统概念的重新理解。论文阐明了作为复杂系统的组织间信息系统中的确存在协同问题,同时全方位地探讨了组织间信息系统协同的内涵,包括组织间信息系统协同的内容、特征、协同效应、协同层次等,形成对IOIS协同的客观认识。
从宏观和微观层面论文分别分析了组织间信息系统协同的影响因素。组织间信息系统协同的宏观影响因素指系统的外部环境,包括经济环境、科技环境、政策法规环境、教育环境、文化和自然环境等,此外论文还从组织间因素、组织内因素以及技术因素三个方面识别了IOIS协同的微观影响因素。
论文运用演化的观点将组织间信息系统协同划分为他组织阶段和自组织阶段,将耗散结构论、协同理论、突变论以及超循环理论等理论应用到组织间信息系统协同的形成机理研究中,剖析了IOIS协同的形成条件、形成动力和演化过程,构建了组织间信息系统的协同形成过程模型,并从协同的准备和协同的发生即他组织和自组织两个阶段分别深入研究了IOIS协同形成机理模型,探讨了不同阶段的协同工作。
论文构建了组织间信息系统协同度的综合评价指标体系,选择使用组合评价法从构成协同、功能协同、组织管理协同以及环境协同四个方面对组织间信息系统的协同度进行了综合评价,并通过具有代表性的案例进行了应用。
21~(th) century is a group competition era instead of individual competition and the tremendous changing of world economy situation make the competition environment and manners also change so the cooperation strategy is more important to the organizations. With the extensive use of information systems in organizations and the constant advances of information technique, organizations start to request the information system to go across the organizations’boundary and to support information delivering more rapidly among organizations. Information systems begin to go across the organizations’boundary and change from closed and simple innerorganizational information systems to open and complicated interorganizational information systems (IOIS).
The redefined conception of IOIS is a basic starting point of this research. This thesis holds that the IOIS is a software and system embodiment and it is a large scale information system which goes across two or more organizations’boundary with the help of information technology and communication technology, is shared by the alliance members and can support the relations such as transaction and cooperation among organizations. An IOIS can be looked as implementation of informatization across organizations’boundary and its elements and subsystems are rich in various types, complicated in relations and wide in range. Therefore, the way to make so many components combine organically and cooperate with each other is that seeking the collaborative status of IOIS.
It is obvious that IOIS has typical complexity features and meanwhile that the synergetics is applied in IOIS has necessity and feasibility. All these show that collaboration problem exists in IOIS. On the basis of the IOIS component division, that is physical basis and function realization, the IOIS collaboration contents include different aspects of elements, information, information technique, organizing and management, culture, power and security. This article believes IOIS can take synergistic effect such as network effect, scale economy effect, scope economy effect, management collaboration effect and co-evolution effect. IOIS collaboration has many characteristic that collaboration in other complex system doesn’t have in that it is built based on co-opetition, takes the information integration and sharing as the core and it is a extensive collaboration orienting stakeholders. The IOIS collaboration can be divided into three parts: macroscopic, middlescopic and microscopic and they are in correspondence with the IOIS collaboration problem between IOIS and external environment, among organizations information systems and internal elements in the IOIS.
The IOIS collaboration formation has many influence factors which are divided into two parts: macro aspect and micro aspect. The macro influence factors are the external environment which includes economy, science and technology, policies and regulations, education, culture and nature. The micro influence factors cover the interorganizational, innerorganizational and technological factors. Complex degree of interorganizational relationship, interorganizational trust, the diversity of organization culture and the diversity of organization process together constitute the interorganizational factors. The characteristic of information demand, organizational information strategy, security features, recognition degree of senior managers, quality of users and training of users form the innerorganizational factors. While, scale of IOIS, organizational heterogeneity situation, choice on collaborative technique, informatization level and information capability of organizations compose the technological factors.
This thesis look at the collaboration of IOIS in an evolution view, and it is another starting point of the research work. According the analysis of IOIS evolution process and organizing methods, the collaboration of IOIS has been divided into two parts, the heter-organization stage and the self-organization stage. The main collaboration work in the heter-organization stage comprises information, information technique, organizing, business process, culture, power and security collaboration and these interrelated subjects have mutual influence. The thesis uses theory of dissipative structure, synergetic theory, catastrophe theory and hypercycle theory to reveal the law of IOIS collaboration formation and to analysis the formation conditions, motive power and evolution rules of IOIS collaboration in the self-organization stage. The formation conditions include open system, far from equilibrium state, nonlinear interaction and fluctuations in the systems. Cooperation and competition effects among elements and subsystems are the motive power of IOIS collaboration. The order parameters of IOIS collaboration is accumulation variable, demand variable and ordering variable of information then this thesis proves that it is the order parameters which lead IOIS collaboration. With the analysis of hypercycles from different levels in the IOIS collaboration the evolution process has been revealed and that function growth in IOIS is realized through catastrophe has been indicated. Entropy changes in IOIS collaboration are researched and the conclusion is made that negative entropy promotes IOIS collaboration. After IOIS collaboration laws revealed the mechanism model and the stage model of IOIS collaboration formation are given in the thesis.
The formation mechanism model of IOIS has been analyzed deeply in the preparation stage and the formation stage and the thesis investigates the collaboration work and tasks in each stage. Analysis methods and implementation techniques of different contents of IOIS collaboration have been investigated in this article. In the formation stage namely the heter-organization stage the thesis puts forward Analysis methods and implementation techniques of different contents, including information, information technique, organizing, business process, culture, power and security collaboration. In the formation stage namely the self-organization stage starting conditions and control work are analyzed.
Quantitative understanding of the IOIS collaboration degree is obtained by means of IOIS collaboration degree evaluation. Furthermore this thesis carries out comprehensive evaluation of IOIS collaboration degree. On the basis of analyzing the relationship between IOIS collaboration and IOIS holistic function, the concept of IOIS collaboration degree has been defined and the index decomposition has been carried out from several aspects of structure, function, organizing & management and environment. Evaluation index system of IOIS collaboration is set up and a combined evaluation method, that is fussy-AHP, is chosen to evaluate the IOIS collaboration degree. According to the steps of fuzzy-AHP, a typical case is selected to apply the evaluation method of IOIS collaboration degree.
论文在对国内外专家和学者关于组织间信息系统的相关研究进行总结和分析的基础上,提出了对组织间信息系统概念的重新理解。论文阐明了作为复杂系统的组织间信息系统中的确存在协同问题,同时全方位地探讨了组织间信息系统协同的内涵,包括组织间信息系统协同的内容、特征、协同效应、协同层次等,形成对IOIS协同的客观认识。
从宏观和微观层面论文分别分析了组织间信息系统协同的影响因素。组织间信息系统协同的宏观影响因素指系统的外部环境,包括经济环境、科技环境、政策法规环境、教育环境、文化和自然环境等,此外论文还从组织间因素、组织内因素以及技术因素三个方面识别了IOIS协同的微观影响因素。
论文运用演化的观点将组织间信息系统协同划分为他组织阶段和自组织阶段,将耗散结构论、协同理论、突变论以及超循环理论等理论应用到组织间信息系统协同的形成机理研究中,剖析了IOIS协同的形成条件、形成动力和演化过程,构建了组织间信息系统的协同形成过程模型,并从协同的准备和协同的发生即他组织和自组织两个阶段分别深入研究了IOIS协同形成机理模型,探讨了不同阶段的协同工作。
论文构建了组织间信息系统协同度的综合评价指标体系,选择使用组合评价法从构成协同、功能协同、组织管理协同以及环境协同四个方面对组织间信息系统的协同度进行了综合评价,并通过具有代表性的案例进行了应用。
21~(th) century is a group competition era instead of individual competition and the tremendous changing of world economy situation make the competition environment and manners also change so the cooperation strategy is more important to the organizations. With the extensive use of information systems in organizations and the constant advances of information technique, organizations start to request the information system to go across the organizations’boundary and to support information delivering more rapidly among organizations. Information systems begin to go across the organizations’boundary and change from closed and simple innerorganizational information systems to open and complicated interorganizational information systems (IOIS).
The redefined conception of IOIS is a basic starting point of this research. This thesis holds that the IOIS is a software and system embodiment and it is a large scale information system which goes across two or more organizations’boundary with the help of information technology and communication technology, is shared by the alliance members and can support the relations such as transaction and cooperation among organizations. An IOIS can be looked as implementation of informatization across organizations’boundary and its elements and subsystems are rich in various types, complicated in relations and wide in range. Therefore, the way to make so many components combine organically and cooperate with each other is that seeking the collaborative status of IOIS.
It is obvious that IOIS has typical complexity features and meanwhile that the synergetics is applied in IOIS has necessity and feasibility. All these show that collaboration problem exists in IOIS. On the basis of the IOIS component division, that is physical basis and function realization, the IOIS collaboration contents include different aspects of elements, information, information technique, organizing and management, culture, power and security. This article believes IOIS can take synergistic effect such as network effect, scale economy effect, scope economy effect, management collaboration effect and co-evolution effect. IOIS collaboration has many characteristic that collaboration in other complex system doesn’t have in that it is built based on co-opetition, takes the information integration and sharing as the core and it is a extensive collaboration orienting stakeholders. The IOIS collaboration can be divided into three parts: macroscopic, middlescopic and microscopic and they are in correspondence with the IOIS collaboration problem between IOIS and external environment, among organizations information systems and internal elements in the IOIS.
The IOIS collaboration formation has many influence factors which are divided into two parts: macro aspect and micro aspect. The macro influence factors are the external environment which includes economy, science and technology, policies and regulations, education, culture and nature. The micro influence factors cover the interorganizational, innerorganizational and technological factors. Complex degree of interorganizational relationship, interorganizational trust, the diversity of organization culture and the diversity of organization process together constitute the interorganizational factors. The characteristic of information demand, organizational information strategy, security features, recognition degree of senior managers, quality of users and training of users form the innerorganizational factors. While, scale of IOIS, organizational heterogeneity situation, choice on collaborative technique, informatization level and information capability of organizations compose the technological factors.
This thesis look at the collaboration of IOIS in an evolution view, and it is another starting point of the research work. According the analysis of IOIS evolution process and organizing methods, the collaboration of IOIS has been divided into two parts, the heter-organization stage and the self-organization stage. The main collaboration work in the heter-organization stage comprises information, information technique, organizing, business process, culture, power and security collaboration and these interrelated subjects have mutual influence. The thesis uses theory of dissipative structure, synergetic theory, catastrophe theory and hypercycle theory to reveal the law of IOIS collaboration formation and to analysis the formation conditions, motive power and evolution rules of IOIS collaboration in the self-organization stage. The formation conditions include open system, far from equilibrium state, nonlinear interaction and fluctuations in the systems. Cooperation and competition effects among elements and subsystems are the motive power of IOIS collaboration. The order parameters of IOIS collaboration is accumulation variable, demand variable and ordering variable of information then this thesis proves that it is the order parameters which lead IOIS collaboration. With the analysis of hypercycles from different levels in the IOIS collaboration the evolution process has been revealed and that function growth in IOIS is realized through catastrophe has been indicated. Entropy changes in IOIS collaboration are researched and the conclusion is made that negative entropy promotes IOIS collaboration. After IOIS collaboration laws revealed the mechanism model and the stage model of IOIS collaboration formation are given in the thesis.
The formation mechanism model of IOIS has been analyzed deeply in the preparation stage and the formation stage and the thesis investigates the collaboration work and tasks in each stage. Analysis methods and implementation techniques of different contents of IOIS collaboration have been investigated in this article. In the formation stage namely the heter-organization stage the thesis puts forward Analysis methods and implementation techniques of different contents, including information, information technique, organizing, business process, culture, power and security collaboration. In the formation stage namely the self-organization stage starting conditions and control work are analyzed.
Quantitative understanding of the IOIS collaboration degree is obtained by means of IOIS collaboration degree evaluation. Furthermore this thesis carries out comprehensive evaluation of IOIS collaboration degree. On the basis of analyzing the relationship between IOIS collaboration and IOIS holistic function, the concept of IOIS collaboration degree has been defined and the index decomposition has been carried out from several aspects of structure, function, organizing & management and environment. Evaluation index system of IOIS collaboration is set up and a combined evaluation method, that is fussy-AHP, is chosen to evaluate the IOIS collaboration degree. According to the steps of fuzzy-AHP, a typical case is selected to apply the evaluation method of IOIS collaboration degree.
引文
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