基于独立旋转车轮的变轨距转向架研究
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摘要
解决铁道车辆在轨距不同区间的直通运行是国际和地区间联运中亟待解决的问题，采用变轨距转向架技术是一种行之有效的方法。我国目前在变轨距转向架方面的研究尚属空白，开发和研制适合我国国情的变轨距转向架已势在必行。基于此，铁道部于2001年列专项进行研究(项目编号：2001J013)，以研制适合于我国国情的、具有自主知识产权的变轨距转向架。
本文结合铁道部科技研究开发计划项目，在国内首次对变轨距转向架的机理及结构进行研究，提出了我国第一台变轨距转向架的技术设计方案。论文着重对变轨距转向架的结构进行了方案设计，并建立起相应的动力学模型，利用计算机数值仿真模拟方法对变轨距转向架进行了参数优化和动力学计算。根据计算机仿真结果，对变轨距转向架的动力学性能进行了详细的分析，并在以下几个方面进行了系统的研究。
1．论文首先进行变轨距转向架的方案设计研究，从变轨距车轮的型式、车轮的移动模式、载荷的承载方式、锁紧机构及变轨距转向架的轨距变化范围等诸方面对变轨距转向架进行了选型分析，并在此基础上提出了两套变轨距转向架设计方案。文中详细介绍了两套方案的各组成部件，分析讨论了方案Ⅰ和Ⅱ的优缺点，确定方案Ⅱ为最佳方案。
2．为了有效完成轨距变换，必须设计一配套的地面轨距变换装置。论文基于变轨距转向架的结构特点，设计了一与变轨距转向架相配套的地面轨距变换装置。详细介绍了轨距变换装置各部分的结构特点，并对其工作原理进行了阐述。
3．独立旋转车轮是整个变轨距转向架的重要组成部件，不仅是因为其实现了变轨距功能，更重要的是独立旋转车轮的轮轨蠕滑效应与传统轮对存在极大差异，这在很大程度上影响了变轨距转向架的动力学性能。论文对独立旋转车轮的轮轨滚动接触蠕滑率/力进行了分析，研究了轮对横移和摇头运动以及曲线半径对独立旋转车轮轮轨蠕滑率的影响情况。
4．根据变轨距转向架的结构方案，建立了变轨距转向架车辆的动力学计算模型。同时对车辆系统的各部件分别进行了受力分析，建立起各个部件的运动方程，将各个部件的运动方程联立即得车辆系统的运动方程，并对车辆系统各个部件之间的弹簧悬挂力进行了求解。
5．在进行转向架的设计研究时，为了得到其动力学性能的最优匹配，
西南交通大学槽士研究生学位论文 第IV页
必须对其悬挂参数进行优化分析。论文利用动力学程序对变轨距转向架的
一、二系悬挂参数进行了优化分析，从而得到转向架动力学参数的最佳匹配。
6．为了全面地对变轨距转向架的动力学性能进行分析研究，论文根据
参数优化结果，对变轨距转向架的动力学性能进行了预测。并通过对变轨距
转向架和传统轮对转向架的动力学性能的分析比较，深入地研究了变轨距转
向架的动力学性能。最后，对转向架中受力最为复杂的构架进行了强度分析。
论文的主要创新之处在于：
1．论文在国内首次对铁道车辆变轨距转向架进行了研究，包括其结构
方案设计、悬挂参数的优化设计以及动力学性能预测与分析等。
2．论文对独立旋转车轮的动力学特性进行了系统的研究，并在国内首
次将独立旋转车轮应用到变轨距转向架的方案设计研究之中。
总之，基于独立旋转车轮的变轨距转向架方案，适合中国国情和路情，
在理论上是可行的。本文的研究填补了我国在变轨距转向架研究方面的空
白，对今后我国变轨距转向架的研制具有较强的工程实际指导意义。
Solving the question that rolling stock directly run through the interplot between different gauges is always a problem that is urgently being solved in international traffic, Adopting the technology of gauge-changeable bogie is the most ideal method. At present, research on the gauge-changeable bogie is blank in China. It is very urgent that the gauge-changeable bogie suiting the situation of our country is developed. Based on that, in order to develop gauge-changeable bogies which are fit for the situation of china and have self-determination knowledge property right, the Ministry of Railways establish especial item to be researched in 2001, the number of item is 2001 J013.
In this paper, combining with the science and technology development project for the Ministry of Railways, research on mechanism and structure of a gauge-changeable bogie are firstly carried through in China, the technology design scheme of first gauge-changeable bogie of china is put forward. The scheme design of a gauge-changeable bogie is emphasized, and the corresponding dynamic model is established. Parameters of the bogie are optimized and its dynamics is calculated by computer numerical simulation, and the dynamics behaviors of the bogie are analyzed in detail. Concretely, in this dissertation, the main study work is as follows:
1. First of all, research on scheme design of a gauge-changeable bogie is carried through. The study of a bogie's type which include such as the model of wheel, moving mode of wheel, bearing style of loads, locking mechanism, changeable range of gauge, etc., is put up, and based on those, two design projects of the gauge-changeable bogie are put forward. The structures of two projects are introduced in detail, and the second project is an optimal one by analyzing advantage and disadvantage of two projects.
2. In order to complete the change of gauge effectively, a gauge-changeable equipment matching the bogie in the ground must be designed. In this thesis, based on the structure trait of the gauge-changeable bogie, a gauge-changeable equipment whose structure characteristic is introduced in the ground is designed, and working principle of the gauge change equipment is expounded.
3. The independently rotating wheel is an important part of the whole bogie, Because of not only the gauge-changeable function of the independently rotating wheel, but also difference of wheel-rail creep between the independently rotating wheel and traditional wheelsets, which enormously effects dynamic performance
of the gauge-changeable bogie. In this paper, wheel-rail rolling contact creepages and creeps of independently rotating wheel are analyzed, the effects of lateral and yaw motions of independently rotating wheel, and the curve radius to creepages of wheel-rail rolling contact are emphasisatically researched.
4. According to the structure scheme of the bogie, dynamics calculating model of a car with gauge-changeable bogies is established. At the same time, forces of each part of the car are separately analyzed, motion equations of each part are established, motion equations of a car may be gained by joining those of each part. And spring suspension forces among each part of a car are calculated.
5. In order to gain the optimal match of dynamics performance, suspension parameters of a bogie are optimized when the bogie is designed. In this dissertation, suspension parameters of the gauge-changeable bogie are optimized by using dynamic program, thereby, the optimal match of dynamics parameters of a bogie is gained.
6. According to parameters optimized results, dynamics performance of the gauge-changeable bogie is forecasted in order to analyze its dynamics performance roundly. And its dynamics performance is researched in detail through the comparison of dynamics performance between the gauge-changeable bogie and the traditional bogie. Finally, intensity of the frame that is the most complex component of a bogie is analyzed.
Above all things, the main innovation of this disserta
本文结合铁道部科技研究开发计划项目，在国内首次对变轨距转向架的机理及结构进行研究，提出了我国第一台变轨距转向架的技术设计方案。论文着重对变轨距转向架的结构进行了方案设计，并建立起相应的动力学模型，利用计算机数值仿真模拟方法对变轨距转向架进行了参数优化和动力学计算。根据计算机仿真结果，对变轨距转向架的动力学性能进行了详细的分析，并在以下几个方面进行了系统的研究。
1．论文首先进行变轨距转向架的方案设计研究，从变轨距车轮的型式、车轮的移动模式、载荷的承载方式、锁紧机构及变轨距转向架的轨距变化范围等诸方面对变轨距转向架进行了选型分析，并在此基础上提出了两套变轨距转向架设计方案。文中详细介绍了两套方案的各组成部件，分析讨论了方案Ⅰ和Ⅱ的优缺点，确定方案Ⅱ为最佳方案。
2．为了有效完成轨距变换，必须设计一配套的地面轨距变换装置。论文基于变轨距转向架的结构特点，设计了一与变轨距转向架相配套的地面轨距变换装置。详细介绍了轨距变换装置各部分的结构特点，并对其工作原理进行了阐述。
3．独立旋转车轮是整个变轨距转向架的重要组成部件，不仅是因为其实现了变轨距功能，更重要的是独立旋转车轮的轮轨蠕滑效应与传统轮对存在极大差异，这在很大程度上影响了变轨距转向架的动力学性能。论文对独立旋转车轮的轮轨滚动接触蠕滑率/力进行了分析，研究了轮对横移和摇头运动以及曲线半径对独立旋转车轮轮轨蠕滑率的影响情况。
4．根据变轨距转向架的结构方案，建立了变轨距转向架车辆的动力学计算模型。同时对车辆系统的各部件分别进行了受力分析，建立起各个部件的运动方程，将各个部件的运动方程联立即得车辆系统的运动方程，并对车辆系统各个部件之间的弹簧悬挂力进行了求解。
5．在进行转向架的设计研究时，为了得到其动力学性能的最优匹配，
西南交通大学槽士研究生学位论文 第IV页
必须对其悬挂参数进行优化分析。论文利用动力学程序对变轨距转向架的
一、二系悬挂参数进行了优化分析，从而得到转向架动力学参数的最佳匹配。
6．为了全面地对变轨距转向架的动力学性能进行分析研究，论文根据
参数优化结果，对变轨距转向架的动力学性能进行了预测。并通过对变轨距
转向架和传统轮对转向架的动力学性能的分析比较，深入地研究了变轨距转
向架的动力学性能。最后，对转向架中受力最为复杂的构架进行了强度分析。
论文的主要创新之处在于：
1．论文在国内首次对铁道车辆变轨距转向架进行了研究，包括其结构
方案设计、悬挂参数的优化设计以及动力学性能预测与分析等。
2．论文对独立旋转车轮的动力学特性进行了系统的研究，并在国内首
次将独立旋转车轮应用到变轨距转向架的方案设计研究之中。
总之，基于独立旋转车轮的变轨距转向架方案，适合中国国情和路情，
在理论上是可行的。本文的研究填补了我国在变轨距转向架研究方面的空
白，对今后我国变轨距转向架的研制具有较强的工程实际指导意义。
Solving the question that rolling stock directly run through the interplot between different gauges is always a problem that is urgently being solved in international traffic, Adopting the technology of gauge-changeable bogie is the most ideal method. At present, research on the gauge-changeable bogie is blank in China. It is very urgent that the gauge-changeable bogie suiting the situation of our country is developed. Based on that, in order to develop gauge-changeable bogies which are fit for the situation of china and have self-determination knowledge property right, the Ministry of Railways establish especial item to be researched in 2001, the number of item is 2001 J013.
In this paper, combining with the science and technology development project for the Ministry of Railways, research on mechanism and structure of a gauge-changeable bogie are firstly carried through in China, the technology design scheme of first gauge-changeable bogie of china is put forward. The scheme design of a gauge-changeable bogie is emphasized, and the corresponding dynamic model is established. Parameters of the bogie are optimized and its dynamics is calculated by computer numerical simulation, and the dynamics behaviors of the bogie are analyzed in detail. Concretely, in this dissertation, the main study work is as follows:
1. First of all, research on scheme design of a gauge-changeable bogie is carried through. The study of a bogie's type which include such as the model of wheel, moving mode of wheel, bearing style of loads, locking mechanism, changeable range of gauge, etc., is put up, and based on those, two design projects of the gauge-changeable bogie are put forward. The structures of two projects are introduced in detail, and the second project is an optimal one by analyzing advantage and disadvantage of two projects.
2. In order to complete the change of gauge effectively, a gauge-changeable equipment matching the bogie in the ground must be designed. In this thesis, based on the structure trait of the gauge-changeable bogie, a gauge-changeable equipment whose structure characteristic is introduced in the ground is designed, and working principle of the gauge change equipment is expounded.
3. The independently rotating wheel is an important part of the whole bogie, Because of not only the gauge-changeable function of the independently rotating wheel, but also difference of wheel-rail creep between the independently rotating wheel and traditional wheelsets, which enormously effects dynamic performance
of the gauge-changeable bogie. In this paper, wheel-rail rolling contact creepages and creeps of independently rotating wheel are analyzed, the effects of lateral and yaw motions of independently rotating wheel, and the curve radius to creepages of wheel-rail rolling contact are emphasisatically researched.
4. According to the structure scheme of the bogie, dynamics calculating model of a car with gauge-changeable bogies is established. At the same time, forces of each part of the car are separately analyzed, motion equations of each part are established, motion equations of a car may be gained by joining those of each part. And spring suspension forces among each part of a car are calculated.
5. In order to gain the optimal match of dynamics performance, suspension parameters of a bogie are optimized when the bogie is designed. In this dissertation, suspension parameters of the gauge-changeable bogie are optimized by using dynamic program, thereby, the optimal match of dynamics parameters of a bogie is gained.
6. According to parameters optimized results, dynamics performance of the gauge-changeable bogie is forecasted in order to analyze its dynamics performance roundly. And its dynamics performance is researched in detail through the comparison of dynamics performance between the gauge-changeable bogie and the traditional bogie. Finally, intensity of the frame that is the most complex component of a bogie is analyzed.
Above all things, the main innovation of this disserta
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