玉米高代回交群体对氮磷胁迫的反应
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摘要
通过遗传改良获得氮磷高效品种是解决施肥不合理带来的负面效应以及降低生产成本、提高肥料利用率的有效途径。而研究玉米磷胁迫的生理、遗传机制,分子标记辅助选择结合常规育种可以有效地提高育种效率。本实验以玉米自交系478为供体,自交系武312为轮回亲本,经过四次回交两次自交而形成的BC4F3回交群体为材料,分别在2007和2008两年在北京中国农业大学昌平实验站测定产量及主要农艺性状,对群体株系在氮磷胁迫的反应进行评价,同时为氮磷胁迫下主效QTL定位打下基础。
研究结果表明:
1、2007年低磷胁迫下,产量只降低了2.9%,穗部性状变化幅度较小,叶面积、穗位高等农艺性状分别增加了10.3%、7.8%;低氮胁迫下,产量显著降低了12.8%,行粒数降低了10.1%,叶面积、叶绿素含量等农艺性状分别降低了7.9%、13.7%。
2、2008年低磷胁迫下,产量显著降低了35.3%,行粒数降低幅度达19.5%,其它穗部性状降低幅度在5%左右,叶面积、株高、穗位高、叶绿素含量等农艺性状分别降低4%到10%;低氮胁迫下,产量显著降低了8.5%,穗部性状降低幅度较小,叶绿素含量降低12.2%,而其它农艺性状变化不大。
3、不同养分处理下,产量与穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、叶面积、株高、穗位高、SPAD(叶绿素含量)值都呈显著正相关,其中行粒数、穗粗、株高、叶面积等指标与产量相关度较高。
4、田间条件下,群体中株系128在产量等相关性状上有良好的表现。株系170在纸培和水培下根系性状表现较好,而砂培条件下177的根系性状表现较好。
5、砂培体系有利于研究氮素对种子根的促进效率,而水培条件下更有利于研究氮素对于节根生长的促进效应。
It is an effective means to decrease the negative influence of unreasonable fertilizer management by the means of genetic improvement for the different nutrient efficient plants. Furthermore, it can decrease the costs of production and increase the efficiency of fertilizer, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. So we can hope to enhance the efficiency of breeding by combine the research of physical and genetic mechanism under nutrient (N, P) stress with MAS (marker assisted selection) in maize. In this dissertation, we designed three treats as follows: N stress, P stress and N, P normal. The materials were the advanced backcross population (BC4F3), the donor parent was 478 and the recurrent parent was Wu312. We measured agronomic traits, grain yield and related traits. The objective was to evaluate the advanced backcross population under N and P stress. At the same time, these data would be the good foundation for the next QTL analysis.
Our result indicated:
1. In 2007, for the whole population, the grain yield decreased 2.9% and leaf area and ear height increased 10.3% and 7.8%, respectively, under P stress. And under the N stress, the grain yield decreased 12.8% significantly, row numbers decreased 10.1%, leaf area and SPAD decreased 7.9% and 13.7%, respectively.
2. In 2008, the grain yield decreased 35.3% significantly, rows number decreased 19.5% and other ear related traits decreased 5%, and agronomic traits (leaf area, plant height, ear height and SPAD) decreased 4% to 10% under P stress. For the N stress, the grain yield decreased 8.5%, ear related traits decreased a little, SPAD decreased 12.2%, but all the traits were not significantly with the normal nutrient treatment.
3. There were significant correlations between the grain yield and ear length, ear diameter, ear rows number, row grains, leaf area, plant height, ear height and SPAD under the different treatment. Of these traits, the correlation coefficients of rows number, ear diameter, plant height and leaf area were higher.
4. Of the advanced backcross population, L128 had the better grain yield and related traits under the field conditions; L170 had the better root system under the paper and water culture and L177 had the better root related traits under the sand culture.
5. Of these culture systems, the sand culture was profit to research the simulation of nitrogen for the seminal root system and the hydroponics was more profit to study the effect of nitrogen for the crown roots.
研究结果表明:
1、2007年低磷胁迫下,产量只降低了2.9%,穗部性状变化幅度较小,叶面积、穗位高等农艺性状分别增加了10.3%、7.8%;低氮胁迫下,产量显著降低了12.8%,行粒数降低了10.1%,叶面积、叶绿素含量等农艺性状分别降低了7.9%、13.7%。
2、2008年低磷胁迫下,产量显著降低了35.3%,行粒数降低幅度达19.5%,其它穗部性状降低幅度在5%左右,叶面积、株高、穗位高、叶绿素含量等农艺性状分别降低4%到10%;低氮胁迫下,产量显著降低了8.5%,穗部性状降低幅度较小,叶绿素含量降低12.2%,而其它农艺性状变化不大。
3、不同养分处理下,产量与穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、叶面积、株高、穗位高、SPAD(叶绿素含量)值都呈显著正相关,其中行粒数、穗粗、株高、叶面积等指标与产量相关度较高。
4、田间条件下,群体中株系128在产量等相关性状上有良好的表现。株系170在纸培和水培下根系性状表现较好,而砂培条件下177的根系性状表现较好。
5、砂培体系有利于研究氮素对种子根的促进效率,而水培条件下更有利于研究氮素对于节根生长的促进效应。
It is an effective means to decrease the negative influence of unreasonable fertilizer management by the means of genetic improvement for the different nutrient efficient plants. Furthermore, it can decrease the costs of production and increase the efficiency of fertilizer, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. So we can hope to enhance the efficiency of breeding by combine the research of physical and genetic mechanism under nutrient (N, P) stress with MAS (marker assisted selection) in maize. In this dissertation, we designed three treats as follows: N stress, P stress and N, P normal. The materials were the advanced backcross population (BC4F3), the donor parent was 478 and the recurrent parent was Wu312. We measured agronomic traits, grain yield and related traits. The objective was to evaluate the advanced backcross population under N and P stress. At the same time, these data would be the good foundation for the next QTL analysis.
Our result indicated:
1. In 2007, for the whole population, the grain yield decreased 2.9% and leaf area and ear height increased 10.3% and 7.8%, respectively, under P stress. And under the N stress, the grain yield decreased 12.8% significantly, row numbers decreased 10.1%, leaf area and SPAD decreased 7.9% and 13.7%, respectively.
2. In 2008, the grain yield decreased 35.3% significantly, rows number decreased 19.5% and other ear related traits decreased 5%, and agronomic traits (leaf area, plant height, ear height and SPAD) decreased 4% to 10% under P stress. For the N stress, the grain yield decreased 8.5%, ear related traits decreased a little, SPAD decreased 12.2%, but all the traits were not significantly with the normal nutrient treatment.
3. There were significant correlations between the grain yield and ear length, ear diameter, ear rows number, row grains, leaf area, plant height, ear height and SPAD under the different treatment. Of these traits, the correlation coefficients of rows number, ear diameter, plant height and leaf area were higher.
4. Of the advanced backcross population, L128 had the better grain yield and related traits under the field conditions; L170 had the better root system under the paper and water culture and L177 had the better root related traits under the sand culture.
5. Of these culture systems, the sand culture was profit to research the simulation of nitrogen for the seminal root system and the hydroponics was more profit to study the effect of nitrogen for the crown roots.
引文
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10.张维理,田哲旭等.我国北方农用氮肥造成地下水硝酸盐污染的调查[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1995,1(2):80-87
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12.周志高,王金舫等.植物磷营养高效的分子生物学研究进展2005,22(1):82-91
13.朱维琴,林咸永.植物磷效率及其生理基础[J].迈向21世纪的土壤科学.中国环境科学出版社:144-147
14 Kummer.K . Proceeding of the international conference on the management and fertilization of upland soils in the tropics and subtropics. 1988, Nanjing, pp137～144
15.牛海燕,马凤鸣等.玉米品种氮高效评价指标及生理机理研究进展[J].2008,39(9)125-129
16.王艳,米国华等.玉米氮素吸收的基因型差异及其与根系形态的相关性[J].生态学报.2003 ,23(2) :297-302
17.王进军,黄瑞冬.玉米氮效率及其研究进展[J].玉米科学.2005,13(1):89-92
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19.向春阳,常强等.玉米不同基因型对氮营养胁迫的反应[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报.2002.14(4):5-7
20 Marschner H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants(second edition)[M].London:Academic Press,1995,889
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22 Smith SN.Response of inbred lines and crosses in maize to varations of nitrogen and phosphorus supplied as nutrients[J].J am Soc Agron,1934,15:171-173.
23 Bruetsch TF,Eates GO.Genotype variation in nutrient uptake in corn[J].Agron J,l976,68:521-523.
24 Nielsen NE , Barber SA . Differences among genotypes of corn in the kinetics of P uptake[J].Agronomy Journal ,1978,70:695-698.
25王艳,孙杰,王荣萍,米国华,张福锁,玉米自交系吸收利用磷素的差异及其相关性应用与环境[J].生物学报2003,9(5):479-48
26刘鸿雁,黄建国,魏成熙,等.磷高效基因型玉米的筛选研究[J].土壤肥料,2004(5):25—29
27严小龙,张福锁.植物营养遗传学[M].中国农业出版社.北京,40-41
28马兴林,王庆祥等.不同施氮量玉米超高产群体特征研究[J].玉米科学.2008,16(4):158-162
29王春丽,田国伟等.不同玉米自交系对磷胁迫反应初探[J].河南农业大学学报.2005,39(1)
30雷泽湘,艾天成等.草莓叶片叶绿素含量与SPAD值间的关系[J].湖北农学院学报.2001,21(2):138-140王康,沈荣开等.用叶绿素测值(SPAD)评估夏玉米氮素状况的实验研究.2002.21(4):1-3
31 Lafitte H.R and G.O.Edmenades.Improvement for ttolerance to low soil nitrogen in tropical maize[J].Selection criteria Field Crops res.1994,39:1-14
32刘建安.玉米氮效率基因型差异及遗传分析[J].中国农业大学博士学位论文.2000
33 Banziger,M.and H.R.Lafitte.Effiency of selected traits for improving maize for low-nirogen target environments[J].Crop Sci.1997,37:1110-1117
34刘婷婷,樊明寿,李春俭.不同玉米氮效率自交系对氮素供应的反应[J].华北农学报,2005, 20(3):83-86.
35王艳杰,邹国元等.土壤氮素矿化研究进展[J].土壤肥料科学.2005,21(10):203-208
36朱兆良.土壤氮素的转化和移动的研究近况[J].土壤学进展,1979,(2):1-16
37张卫萍,吴平,沈晓莹,吴运荣.不同供水条件下水稻幼苗根系形成的遗传分析[J].植物学报,2001,43(10):1024-1030.
38巨晓棠,李秀生.土壤氮素矿化的温度水分效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(1):37-42
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2.王启现,我国玉米产业形势分析与栽培学科前景展望[J].玉米科学,2008,16(4):35-38
3.赵久然,抓住机遇,振兴玉米栽培学科,为提高我国玉米国际竞争力做贡献[J].玉米科学, 2004,12(1):103-105
4.李和生,现代植物生理学[M].高等教育出版社,2002
5.Jenkinson D.S.The impact of humans on the nitrogen cycle, with focus on temperate arable agriculture[J].Plant Soil,228:3-15
6.Raun W.R.and V.G.Johnson..Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production[J]. AgronJ.,1999,91:357-363
7.Moll R.H,Kamprath E J,Jackson W .A .Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization [J].1982,Agron J.,1982,74:562-568.
8.王进军,黄瑞冬,玉米氮效率及其研究进展[J].玉米科学,2005,13(1):89-92
9.Hoener I.R, and E.R.DeTuik.The absorption and urilization of nitrare nitrogen during vegetative growth by Illinois low protein corn.J.Am.Soc.Agron.1938,30:232-243
10.张维理,田哲旭等.我国北方农用氮肥造成地下水硝酸盐污染的调查[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1995,1(2):80-87
11.张福锁,米国华等.玉米遗传效率改良及其应用[J].农业生物技术学报.1997,2:112-117
12.周志高,王金舫等.植物磷营养高效的分子生物学研究进展2005,22(1):82-91
13.朱维琴,林咸永.植物磷效率及其生理基础[J].迈向21世纪的土壤科学.中国环境科学出版社:144-147
14 Kummer.K . Proceeding of the international conference on the management and fertilization of upland soils in the tropics and subtropics. 1988, Nanjing, pp137～144
15.牛海燕,马凤鸣等.玉米品种氮高效评价指标及生理机理研究进展[J].2008,39(9)125-129
16.王艳,米国华等.玉米氮素吸收的基因型差异及其与根系形态的相关性[J].生态学报.2003 ,23(2) :297-302
17.王进军,黄瑞冬.玉米氮效率及其研究进展[J].玉米科学.2005,13(1):89-92
18. Mackay A.D. and Baber A.S .Effect of Nitrogen on Root Growth of Two Corn Genotypes in the Field[J]. Agron J .1986,78:699-703
19.向春阳,常强等.玉米不同基因型对氮营养胁迫的反应[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报.2002.14(4):5-7
20 Marschner H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants(second edition)[M].London:Academic Press,1995,889
21 Baber A.S.and Mackay A.D.Root growth and potassium up take by two corn genotypes in the field[J].Fertilizer Research,1986,10:217-231
22 Smith SN.Response of inbred lines and crosses in maize to varations of nitrogen and phosphorus supplied as nutrients[J].J am Soc Agron,1934,15:171-173.
23 Bruetsch TF,Eates GO.Genotype variation in nutrient uptake in corn[J].Agron J,l976,68:521-523.
24 Nielsen NE , Barber SA . Differences among genotypes of corn in the kinetics of P uptake[J].Agronomy Journal ,1978,70:695-698.
25王艳,孙杰,王荣萍,米国华,张福锁,玉米自交系吸收利用磷素的差异及其相关性应用与环境[J].生物学报2003,9(5):479-48
26刘鸿雁,黄建国,魏成熙,等.磷高效基因型玉米的筛选研究[J].土壤肥料,2004(5):25—29
27严小龙,张福锁.植物营养遗传学[M].中国农业出版社.北京,40-41
28马兴林,王庆祥等.不同施氮量玉米超高产群体特征研究[J].玉米科学.2008,16(4):158-162
29王春丽,田国伟等.不同玉米自交系对磷胁迫反应初探[J].河南农业大学学报.2005,39(1)
30雷泽湘,艾天成等.草莓叶片叶绿素含量与SPAD值间的关系[J].湖北农学院学报.2001,21(2):138-140王康,沈荣开等.用叶绿素测值(SPAD)评估夏玉米氮素状况的实验研究.2002.21(4):1-3
31 Lafitte H.R and G.O.Edmenades.Improvement for ttolerance to low soil nitrogen in tropical maize[J].Selection criteria Field Crops res.1994,39:1-14
32刘建安.玉米氮效率基因型差异及遗传分析[J].中国农业大学博士学位论文.2000
33 Banziger,M.and H.R.Lafitte.Effiency of selected traits for improving maize for low-nirogen target environments[J].Crop Sci.1997,37:1110-1117
34刘婷婷,樊明寿,李春俭.不同玉米氮效率自交系对氮素供应的反应[J].华北农学报,2005, 20(3):83-86.
35王艳杰,邹国元等.土壤氮素矿化研究进展[J].土壤肥料科学.2005,21(10):203-208
36朱兆良.土壤氮素的转化和移动的研究近况[J].土壤学进展,1979,(2):1-16
37张卫萍,吴平,沈晓莹,吴运荣.不同供水条件下水稻幼苗根系形成的遗传分析[J].植物学报,2001,43(10):1024-1030.
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