气固二相流螺旋输送与分离过程研究
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摘要
在散货水运运输物流系统的装船、运输、卸船诸环节中，船舶装卸技术是一个重要而薄弱的环节，散货卸船技术与装备的研究已成为物料搬运技术领域中一项重要的研究分支。而在连续型散货卸船的取料、垂直输送、水平输送等环节中，关键性的技术环节则是取料过程，取料装置性能的优劣是影响和制约散货连续卸船机能力与效率的至关重要的影响因素。散货介质力学特性的复杂性，散货在取料过程中所经历的复杂运动，以及散粒物料与取料装置之间的复杂的相互作用关系决定了取料机理研究的难度。因此，性能优良的取料装置的研制及相关取料机理的研究国民经济主战场中的一个重大技术难题，它对提高散货码头的卸船效率，降低卸船成本，实现散货码头现代化具有重要的意义。
本文的主要研究内容是对物料与空气两相流在特定的螺旋槽内的输送与分离过程进行理论分析并结合试验研究，掌握气固二相流螺旋输送与分离的运动规律性，分析并定量地确定螺旋的型式、尺寸、转速、气流速度及物料特性等因素对输送与分离性态的影响，在此基础上研制开发螺旋吸料装置并提出相应的设计理论与方法。
本文的提出的设计理论与方法将使螺旋吸料装置具有优良的连续取料能力、极低的清舱量、较小的空气除尘量、对各类连续卸船机型、所卸船型及所卸物料有较好的适应性等特点，成为双带式卸船机、波形挡板带式卸船机、埋刮板卸船机、螺旋卸船机、链斗卸船机等散货连续卸船机的首选取料装置。性能优良的螺旋吸料装置有望取代现有的水平螺旋集料叶轮供料装置及料斗类取料装置而具有广阔的应用前景和重大的经济意义。
Load onto ship in water transport transport material flow system of the bulk cargo, in transport, links of unloading a ship, Shiping load and unload technology one important and weak link, bulk cargo unload a ship technology and research that equip become supplies carry technological field an important research branch! already. The ones that unloaded a ship in the continuous bulk cargo are when fetches the material, vertical sending, link that the level sends,etc., The key technological link fetches the course of the material, The quality of fetching the device performance of the material is to influence and restrict the essential influence factors of the ability and efficiency of the unloading a ship machine in succession of bulk cargo. The complexity of the medium mechanics characteristic of the bulk cargo, the complicated sport that the bulk cargo goes through in the course of fetching the material, Break up grains of supplies with choose material complicated interaction relation of device determine and c
hoose material degree of difficulty that mechanism study. So, a great technological difficult problem in the reseach which fetches the material device , To raise bulk cargo efficiency of unloading a ship of quay it, reduce and unload a ship cost.
The ones that flowed to the supplies and air two phase in the specific spiral in main research contents of this text sends and carry on the theory and analyse and combine experimental study with the separation process, Sport regularity that spiral send and separating flows to grasp angry careless two, Analyse and ration to confirm spiral pattern, size, rotational speed, air current speed and supplies characteristic,etc. impact on send and the separating nature attitude of the factor, Develop the spiral and sucks the material device and puts forward corresponding design theory and method on this basis.
The design theory and method of proposition of this text will make the spiral suck the material device and have fine fetching the ability of the material in succession , Whether it is low extremely cabin amount not clear, air dust removal amount not smaller, to all kinds of unload a ship in succession by model, type unloaded a ship and unload there aren't supplies , Become one pair of taking type unloading a ship machines, Wave form surround person who unload a ship of bringing etc., bury and blow board person who unload a ship, spiral person who
unload a ship, chain fight person who unload a ship bulk cargo head of the unloading a ship machine choose the material device in succession. Performance fine spiral device hopeful to replace existing horizontal spiral collect material impeller support material device and hopper kind to choose but material dtevice have wide application prospect and great to suck material economic meaning.
本文的主要研究内容是对物料与空气两相流在特定的螺旋槽内的输送与分离过程进行理论分析并结合试验研究，掌握气固二相流螺旋输送与分离的运动规律性，分析并定量地确定螺旋的型式、尺寸、转速、气流速度及物料特性等因素对输送与分离性态的影响，在此基础上研制开发螺旋吸料装置并提出相应的设计理论与方法。
本文的提出的设计理论与方法将使螺旋吸料装置具有优良的连续取料能力、极低的清舱量、较小的空气除尘量、对各类连续卸船机型、所卸船型及所卸物料有较好的适应性等特点，成为双带式卸船机、波形挡板带式卸船机、埋刮板卸船机、螺旋卸船机、链斗卸船机等散货连续卸船机的首选取料装置。性能优良的螺旋吸料装置有望取代现有的水平螺旋集料叶轮供料装置及料斗类取料装置而具有广阔的应用前景和重大的经济意义。
Load onto ship in water transport transport material flow system of the bulk cargo, in transport, links of unloading a ship, Shiping load and unload technology one important and weak link, bulk cargo unload a ship technology and research that equip become supplies carry technological field an important research branch! already. The ones that unloaded a ship in the continuous bulk cargo are when fetches the material, vertical sending, link that the level sends,etc., The key technological link fetches the course of the material, The quality of fetching the device performance of the material is to influence and restrict the essential influence factors of the ability and efficiency of the unloading a ship machine in succession of bulk cargo. The complexity of the medium mechanics characteristic of the bulk cargo, the complicated sport that the bulk cargo goes through in the course of fetching the material, Break up grains of supplies with choose material complicated interaction relation of device determine and c
hoose material degree of difficulty that mechanism study. So, a great technological difficult problem in the reseach which fetches the material device , To raise bulk cargo efficiency of unloading a ship of quay it, reduce and unload a ship cost.
The ones that flowed to the supplies and air two phase in the specific spiral in main research contents of this text sends and carry on the theory and analyse and combine experimental study with the separation process, Sport regularity that spiral send and separating flows to grasp angry careless two, Analyse and ration to confirm spiral pattern, size, rotational speed, air current speed and supplies characteristic,etc. impact on send and the separating nature attitude of the factor, Develop the spiral and sucks the material device and puts forward corresponding design theory and method on this basis.
The design theory and method of proposition of this text will make the spiral suck the material device and have fine fetching the ability of the material in succession , Whether it is low extremely cabin amount not clear, air dust removal amount not smaller, to all kinds of unload a ship in succession by model, type unloaded a ship and unload there aren't supplies , Become one pair of taking type unloading a ship machines, Wave form surround person who unload a ship of bringing etc., bury and blow board person who unload a ship, spiral person who
unload a ship, chain fight person who unload a ship bulk cargo head of the unloading a ship machine choose the material device in succession. Performance fine spiral device hopeful to replace existing horizontal spiral collect material impeller support material device and hopper kind to choose but material dtevice have wide application prospect and great to suck material economic meaning.
引文
[1] 李勇智。气固二相流螺旋输送与分离机理研究及螺旋吸料装置研制。交通部重点科技项目申请书。1999
[2] 李诗久，周晓君编著。气力输送理论与应用。1992．05
[3] 周乃如，朱凤德。气力输送原理与设计计算。1981
[4] 余洲生。气力输送及其应用。1989．2
[5] (苏)阿列克桑德洛夫。气力容器式管道运输。1985，12
[6] 黄标。气力输送。1984．2
[7] 林建山。气力控制学。1981．7
[8] 朱炯仑。气力学。1981．6
[9] 北京钢铁学院热工、水力学教研组编。气力输送装置。1974
[10] 南京化工设计院编。螺旋输送机与斗式提升机。1973
[11] 章棣。分离机械选型与使用手册。1998．04
[12] (美)霍兰，G.D.。分离过程的基础和模型化。1980
[13] 余元庆。分离系数法。1978
[14] 吴重光。仿真技术[专著]。2000
[15] 王维平。仿真模型有效性确认与验证。1998．06
[16] 张兆顺，崔桂香。流体力学。1999．02
[17] 茅春浦。流体力学。1995．12
[18] 马乾初，王家楣。流体力学。1994．08
[19] 沈颂文译。输送机的理论与计算。1983．2
[20] 畅启仁。散货抓斗。1991．7
[21] 蒋琼珠，黄松元译。散货力学。1990．07
[22] 毕华林，蒋琼珠。散货连续卸船机。1990．07
[23] 周钧庭。运输及起重机械。1954
[24] 郑见粹。国内外连续卸船机的发展情况。《起重运输机械》。2000(6)
[25] 郑见粹，涂蓬清。连续卸船机在我国的研制和应用。北京机械工程学会搬运分会论文专集(第一集)。1998
[26] 彭传圣，范翠玉。桥式抓斗卸船机的新发展。港口装卸，1999(3)
[27] 周俊文。波状挡边带式输送机托带装置的改进。《起重运输机械》。2000(8)
[28] 扬振雷，李保文。新型移动伸缩带式输送机。《起重运输机械》。2000(8)
[29] 鲁利民，扬振雷，李保文。新型移动抛料式带式输送机。《起重运输机械》。2000(9)
[30] 张德文。港口散货装卸与输送机械机型开发循环试验系统。《港口装卸》。2000(1)
[31] 余洲生。连续运输机。1981
[32] 黎尔素。气固二相管中颗粒速度计算。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[33] 黄国昌。液态化仓泵输送粉煤灰。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[34] 余洲生。发展我国粉煤灰气力输送技术。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[35] 庞美荣，王春维。合理设计与使用立式螺旋输送机。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[36] 刘凤章，罗自学。自调式密相气力输送剃度补气的研究。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[37] 赵联城。仓泵气力输送试验台设计探讨。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[38] 庄国鑫，朱莹。我国电厂引进粉煤灰气力输送系统的现状和特点比较。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[39] 李勇智。相对旋转式取料装置工作机理的探讨。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[40] 文婷，文灿湘。组合式气箱新型结构的气垫带式输送机。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[41] 李勇智，毕华林，蒋琼珠等。螺旋卸船机垂直输送过程研究。武汉水运工程学院学报，1992．6 P131～P136
[42] 李勇智。螺旋卸船机取料段工作机理研究。[硕士学位论文]。武汉：武汉水运工程学院，1989
[43] Rik Thomas. Astate of continuous conflict. Bulk Systems, 1999(6)
[44] P.R.Owen Pneumatic Transport.Fluid Mech,1969(39． Part 2) :407
[45] R.A.Duckworth and H.E.Rose Transport of Soild Particles in Liquids and Gases.The Engineer, 1969(227,5903) :392
[46] L.Kovacs.Proceedings of Pneumotransport I,1971 (Paper C4)
[47] A.J.Ward-Smith.Internal Fluid Flow,1980
[48] D.g.Shepher.Element of Fluid Mechanics, 1982
[49] R.Johansson.TheSiwertell Cond Unlouder at Kingsnorth,Bulk Solids Handling, 1985(2)
[50] Petersen Hinrich. Turbo-and Roots-Blowers in Pneumatic Ship Unloaders. Port Technology International .1998,(1) ;113-116
[51] Grain Handling Equipment Costs Fall as Demand Rises. International Bulk Journal, 1997,(5) :41-47
[52] Rik Thomas. A state of continuous conflict. Bulk system, 1996(6)
[53] Bottcher S und Gabler H.Untersuchungen zur Autriebsleistungsberechung Senkrechter Schnencken ,F6rderer,F6'rderm und Heben, 1982(6)
[54] Redemacher F J C. Some Aspercts of the characteristics of Vertical Screw Conveyor for Granular Material .Powder Tchnology, 1974(9)
[55] Gabler H. Thearetische und Experimentelle Untersachung der Forderung in Stellen und Senkrechetn Schnenckenfordern. Die Dissertation von der Fakulatat fur Maschinenwesen der Technischen universitat Munchen,1981
[2] 李诗久，周晓君编著。气力输送理论与应用。1992．05
[3] 周乃如，朱凤德。气力输送原理与设计计算。1981
[4] 余洲生。气力输送及其应用。1989．2
[5] (苏)阿列克桑德洛夫。气力容器式管道运输。1985，12
[6] 黄标。气力输送。1984．2
[7] 林建山。气力控制学。1981．7
[8] 朱炯仑。气力学。1981．6
[9] 北京钢铁学院热工、水力学教研组编。气力输送装置。1974
[10] 南京化工设计院编。螺旋输送机与斗式提升机。1973
[11] 章棣。分离机械选型与使用手册。1998．04
[12] (美)霍兰，G.D.。分离过程的基础和模型化。1980
[13] 余元庆。分离系数法。1978
[14] 吴重光。仿真技术[专著]。2000
[15] 王维平。仿真模型有效性确认与验证。1998．06
[16] 张兆顺，崔桂香。流体力学。1999．02
[17] 茅春浦。流体力学。1995．12
[18] 马乾初，王家楣。流体力学。1994．08
[19] 沈颂文译。输送机的理论与计算。1983．2
[20] 畅启仁。散货抓斗。1991．7
[21] 蒋琼珠，黄松元译。散货力学。1990．07
[22] 毕华林，蒋琼珠。散货连续卸船机。1990．07
[23] 周钧庭。运输及起重机械。1954
[24] 郑见粹。国内外连续卸船机的发展情况。《起重运输机械》。2000(6)
[25] 郑见粹，涂蓬清。连续卸船机在我国的研制和应用。北京机械工程学会搬运分会论文专集(第一集)。1998
[26] 彭传圣，范翠玉。桥式抓斗卸船机的新发展。港口装卸，1999(3)
[27] 周俊文。波状挡边带式输送机托带装置的改进。《起重运输机械》。2000(8)
[28] 扬振雷，李保文。新型移动伸缩带式输送机。《起重运输机械》。2000(8)
[29] 鲁利民，扬振雷，李保文。新型移动抛料式带式输送机。《起重运输机械》。2000(9)
[30] 张德文。港口散货装卸与输送机械机型开发循环试验系统。《港口装卸》。2000(1)
[31] 余洲生。连续运输机。1981
[32] 黎尔素。气固二相管中颗粒速度计算。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[33] 黄国昌。液态化仓泵输送粉煤灰。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[34] 余洲生。发展我国粉煤灰气力输送技术。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[35] 庞美荣，王春维。合理设计与使用立式螺旋输送机。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[36] 刘凤章，罗自学。自调式密相气力输送剃度补气的研究。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[37] 赵联城。仓泵气力输送试验台设计探讨。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[38] 庄国鑫，朱莹。我国电厂引进粉煤灰气力输送系统的现状和特点比较。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[39] 李勇智。相对旋转式取料装置工作机理的探讨。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[40] 文婷，文灿湘。组合式气箱新型结构的气垫带式输送机。中国机械工程学会物料搬运分会第五届学术年会论文集。1996
[41] 李勇智，毕华林，蒋琼珠等。螺旋卸船机垂直输送过程研究。武汉水运工程学院学报，1992．6 P131～P136
[42] 李勇智。螺旋卸船机取料段工作机理研究。[硕士学位论文]。武汉：武汉水运工程学院，1989
[43] Rik Thomas. Astate of continuous conflict. Bulk Systems, 1999(6)
[44] P.R.Owen Pneumatic Transport.Fluid Mech,1969(39． Part 2) :407
[45] R.A.Duckworth and H.E.Rose Transport of Soild Particles in Liquids and Gases.The Engineer, 1969(227,5903) :392
[46] L.Kovacs.Proceedings of Pneumotransport I,1971 (Paper C4)
[47] A.J.Ward-Smith.Internal Fluid Flow,1980
[48] D.g.Shepher.Element of Fluid Mechanics, 1982
[49] R.Johansson.TheSiwertell Cond Unlouder at Kingsnorth,Bulk Solids Handling, 1985(2)
[50] Petersen Hinrich. Turbo-and Roots-Blowers in Pneumatic Ship Unloaders. Port Technology International .1998,(1) ;113-116
[51] Grain Handling Equipment Costs Fall as Demand Rises. International Bulk Journal, 1997,(5) :41-47
[52] Rik Thomas. A state of continuous conflict. Bulk system, 1996(6)
[53] Bottcher S und Gabler H.Untersuchungen zur Autriebsleistungsberechung Senkrechter Schnencken ,F6rderer,F6'rderm und Heben, 1982(6)
[54] Redemacher F J C. Some Aspercts of the characteristics of Vertical Screw Conveyor for Granular Material .Powder Tchnology, 1974(9)
[55] Gabler H. Thearetische und Experimentelle Untersachung der Forderung in Stellen und Senkrechetn Schnenckenfordern. Die Dissertation von der Fakulatat fur Maschinenwesen der Technischen universitat Munchen,1981