摘要
未成年人犯罪一直是世界各国所共同面临的一个严重的社会问题,这不仅影响到未成年人自己、家庭,而且也影响到整个国家乃至整个民族。如今“未成年人犯罪”在世界范围内已被列为吸毒贩毒、环境污染之后的第三大公害。因此对分析未成年人犯罪的原因,对我们更好地预防未成年人犯罪有着重要的意义。
本研究以家庭功能理论、应付方式理论为研究依据,采用家庭亲密度和适应性问卷及家庭功能评定量表、应付方式问卷,评估并分析了未成年犯的家庭功能特点、影响因素及家庭功能对应付方式的影响。
得出以下结果:
①朱成年犯家庭亲密度和适应性显著差于中学生,其“刻板—疏远型”家庭类型的比例显著高于中学生。
②未成年犯的家庭功能与中学生的家庭功能存在显著差异,主要是未成年犯家庭的沟通功能、情感功能的弱化。
③未成年犯的家庭功能受父母婚姻状况、父母文化、父母职业及家庭居住环境影响。
④未成年犯与中学生相比,更倾向于采用退避、自责等消极应付方式。
⑤未成年犯家庭功能各个维度与其应付方式的多个维度之间存在显著或非常显著的相关。未成年犯家庭功能影响其应付方式,如:未成年犯家庭问题解决功能对解决问题、求助应付方式有显著影响;角色功能对自责应付方式有显著影响;家庭沟通功能对求助应付方式有显著影响。
总之,未成年犯的家庭功能存在明显缺陷、弱化,未成年犯的应付方式明显消极,未成年犯的家庭功能影响其应付方式。这提示:为了预防未成年人犯罪,我们必须提升未成年人的家庭功能和积极的应付方式;为了很好地改造未成年犯,我们需要关注未成年犯的家庭功能,并引导他们采用积极的应付方式。
Juvenile delinquency is a serious problem throughout the world. It affects not only the young people themselves and their families, but also the country and even the whole nation. Nowadays, "Juvenile delinquency" has been regarded as the third public disaster after drug-abuse and environmental pollution. So it is important for prevention to analyze the causes of juvenile delinquency.This research take the family functioning theory and coping styles theory as the research basis, A set of established instruments are used for data collection, including Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-Ⅱ(FACES-Ⅱ), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ).In the first part, the family functioning of Juvenile prisoners and its predictors are evaluated. In the following part, the correlativity among family functioning, coping styles of Juvenile prisoners are analyzed.Below obtains the results:(1)Significant differences of the cohesion and adaptability are found between the juvenile prisoners and the middle school students.(2)Significant differences of family functioning are found between the juvenile prisoners and the middle school students. Mainly is the communication, the emotion function of family attenuation.(3)parents' marital status, parents' educational background, parents' profession style and family environment all influent Juvenile prisoner's family functioning.(4) The juvenile prisoners prefer avoid and self-accusation than ask help on coping styles, the middle school students use more mature coping styles.(5) Significant relation between family functioning and coping styles of the juvenile prisoners. family functioning of the juvenile prisoners affect their coping styles. For example, problem solving affect solving problem and asking help ;role affect self-accusation; communication affect asking help. In brief,the juvenile prisoner's family functioning has obvious flaw and attenuation, The juvenile prisoner's coping styles are obviously negative, The juvenile prisoner's family functioning influent their coping styles. This tell us: In order to prevent the juvenile delinquency, we must promote the juvenile prisoner's family functioning and positive coping styles; In order to transform the juvenile prisoner well, we need to pay attention to juvenile prisoner's family functioning and guide them to use positive coping styles.
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