未成年犯家庭功能特点及其对应付方式影响的研究
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摘要
未成年人犯罪一直是世界各国所共同面临的一个严重的社会问题，这不仅影响到未成年人自己、家庭，而且也影响到整个国家乃至整个民族。如今“未成年人犯罪”在世界范围内已被列为吸毒贩毒、环境污染之后的第三大公害。因此对分析未成年人犯罪的原因，对我们更好地预防未成年人犯罪有着重要的意义。
本研究以家庭功能理论、应付方式理论为研究依据，采用家庭亲密度和适应性问卷及家庭功能评定量表、应付方式问卷，评估并分析了未成年犯的家庭功能特点、影响因素及家庭功能对应付方式的影响。
得出以下结果：
①朱成年犯家庭亲密度和适应性显著差于中学生，其“刻板—疏远型”家庭类型的比例显著高于中学生。
②未成年犯的家庭功能与中学生的家庭功能存在显著差异，主要是未成年犯家庭的沟通功能、情感功能的弱化。
③未成年犯的家庭功能受父母婚姻状况、父母文化、父母职业及家庭居住环境影响。
④未成年犯与中学生相比，更倾向于采用退避、自责等消极应付方式。
⑤未成年犯家庭功能各个维度与其应付方式的多个维度之间存在显著或非常显著的相关。未成年犯家庭功能影响其应付方式，如：未成年犯家庭问题解决功能对解决问题、求助应付方式有显著影响；角色功能对自责应付方式有显著影响；家庭沟通功能对求助应付方式有显著影响。
总之，未成年犯的家庭功能存在明显缺陷、弱化，未成年犯的应付方式明显消极，未成年犯的家庭功能影响其应付方式。这提示：为了预防未成年人犯罪，我们必须提升未成年人的家庭功能和积极的应付方式；为了很好地改造未成年犯，我们需要关注未成年犯的家庭功能，并引导他们采用积极的应付方式。
Juvenile delinquency is a serious problem throughout the world. It affects not only the young people themselves and their families, but also the country and even the whole nation. Nowadays, "Juvenile delinquency" has been regarded as the third public disaster after drug-abuse and environmental pollution. So it is important for prevention to analyze the causes of juvenile delinquency.This research take the family functioning theory and coping styles theory as the research basis, A set of established instruments are used for data collection, including Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-Ⅱ(FACES-Ⅱ), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ).In the first part, the family functioning of Juvenile prisoners and its predictors are evaluated. In the following part, the correlativity among family functioning, coping styles of Juvenile prisoners are analyzed.Below obtains the results:(1)Significant differences of the cohesion and adaptability are found between the juvenile prisoners and the middle school students.(2)Significant differences of family functioning are found between the juvenile prisoners and the middle school students. Mainly is the communication, the emotion function of family attenuation.(3)parents' marital status, parents' educational background, parents' profession style and family environment all influent Juvenile prisoner's family functioning.(4) The juvenile prisoners prefer avoid and self-accusation than ask help on coping styles, the middle school students use more mature coping styles.(5) Significant relation between family functioning and coping styles of the juvenile prisoners. family functioning of the juvenile prisoners affect their coping styles. For example, problem solving affect solving problem and asking help ;role affect self-accusation; communication affect asking help. In brief,the juvenile prisoner's family functioning has obvious flaw and attenuation, The juvenile prisoner's coping styles are obviously negative, The juvenile prisoner's family functioning influent their coping styles. This tell us: In order to prevent the juvenile delinquency, we must promote the juvenile prisoner's family functioning and positive coping styles; In order to transform the juvenile prisoner well, we need to pay attention to juvenile prisoner's family functioning and guide them to use positive coping styles.
本研究以家庭功能理论、应付方式理论为研究依据，采用家庭亲密度和适应性问卷及家庭功能评定量表、应付方式问卷，评估并分析了未成年犯的家庭功能特点、影响因素及家庭功能对应付方式的影响。
得出以下结果：
①朱成年犯家庭亲密度和适应性显著差于中学生，其“刻板—疏远型”家庭类型的比例显著高于中学生。
②未成年犯的家庭功能与中学生的家庭功能存在显著差异，主要是未成年犯家庭的沟通功能、情感功能的弱化。
③未成年犯的家庭功能受父母婚姻状况、父母文化、父母职业及家庭居住环境影响。
④未成年犯与中学生相比，更倾向于采用退避、自责等消极应付方式。
⑤未成年犯家庭功能各个维度与其应付方式的多个维度之间存在显著或非常显著的相关。未成年犯家庭功能影响其应付方式，如：未成年犯家庭问题解决功能对解决问题、求助应付方式有显著影响；角色功能对自责应付方式有显著影响；家庭沟通功能对求助应付方式有显著影响。
总之，未成年犯的家庭功能存在明显缺陷、弱化，未成年犯的应付方式明显消极，未成年犯的家庭功能影响其应付方式。这提示：为了预防未成年人犯罪，我们必须提升未成年人的家庭功能和积极的应付方式；为了很好地改造未成年犯，我们需要关注未成年犯的家庭功能，并引导他们采用积极的应付方式。
Juvenile delinquency is a serious problem throughout the world. It affects not only the young people themselves and their families, but also the country and even the whole nation. Nowadays, "Juvenile delinquency" has been regarded as the third public disaster after drug-abuse and environmental pollution. So it is important for prevention to analyze the causes of juvenile delinquency.This research take the family functioning theory and coping styles theory as the research basis, A set of established instruments are used for data collection, including Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-Ⅱ(FACES-Ⅱ), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ).In the first part, the family functioning of Juvenile prisoners and its predictors are evaluated. In the following part, the correlativity among family functioning, coping styles of Juvenile prisoners are analyzed.Below obtains the results:(1)Significant differences of the cohesion and adaptability are found between the juvenile prisoners and the middle school students.(2)Significant differences of family functioning are found between the juvenile prisoners and the middle school students. Mainly is the communication, the emotion function of family attenuation.(3)parents' marital status, parents' educational background, parents' profession style and family environment all influent Juvenile prisoner's family functioning.(4) The juvenile prisoners prefer avoid and self-accusation than ask help on coping styles, the middle school students use more mature coping styles.(5) Significant relation between family functioning and coping styles of the juvenile prisoners. family functioning of the juvenile prisoners affect their coping styles. For example, problem solving affect solving problem and asking help ;role affect self-accusation; communication affect asking help. In brief,the juvenile prisoner's family functioning has obvious flaw and attenuation, The juvenile prisoner's coping styles are obviously negative, The juvenile prisoner's family functioning influent their coping styles. This tell us: In order to prevent the juvenile delinquency, we must promote the juvenile prisoner's family functioning and positive coping styles; In order to transform the juvenile prisoner well, we need to pay attention to juvenile prisoner's family functioning and guide them to use positive coping styles.
引文
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[3] 高艳玲．我国应付方式量表研究述评．株洲师范高等专科学校学报，2004，9(1)：115-118．
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[2] 方晓义，林丹华，孙莉，房超．亲子沟通类型与青少年社会适应的关系．心理发展与教育，2004，1，18-22．
[3] 高艳玲．我国应付方式量表研究述评．株洲师范高等专科学校学报，2004，9(1)：115-118．
[4] 高山川等．影响应付的稳定因素和情境因素．心理学探新，1997，(3)．
[5] 关颖．城市未成年人犯罪与家庭．群从出版社，2004，5，82．
[6] 黄希庭，余华，郑涌，等．中学生应对方式的初步研究[J]．心理科学，2000，23(1)：1-5．
[7] 井世洁．初中学生的应付方式与心理健康的相关研究[J]．宁波大学学报(教育科学版)，2001，23(4)：1-5．
[8] 姜乾金等．心理应激：应对的分类与心身健康．中国心理卫生杂志，1993，(4)．
[9] 姜乾金等．浙江淳安小学流行性癔病的心埋社会因素探讨．中国心是理卫生杂志，1990，4：157-174．
[10] 雷雳，王争艳，李宏利．亲子沟通与亲子关系．教育研究，2001，6，49-53．
[11] 雷雳，王争艳，刘红云，张雷．初中生的亲子沟通及其与家庭环境系统和社会适应关系的研究．应用心理学，2002，1，14-20．
[12] 李莉萍．家庭功能与青少年犯罪．郴州师专学报(综合版)，1998年第1期．
[13] 李俊丽，梅清海等．未成年犯的人格特点与心理健康状况和应付方式的相关研究．中国学校卫生，2006年1月第27卷第1期．
[14] 梁宝勇等．关于应付的一些思考与实证研究．中国临床心理学杂志，1999，7(4)．
[15] 刘宣文，江帆，董岩芳．我国近十年来应付方式研究的回顾与展望．浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版)，2003，5(28)：98-102．
[16] 楼玮群，齐铱．高中生压力源和心理健康的研究．心理科学，2000，(2)．
[17] 罗伊·F·鲍迈斯特尔 恶——在人类暴力与残酷之中．东方出版社，1998．
[18] 《全国预防未成年人犯罪展览资料汇编》，1999．
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