强迫换相技术对弱受端交流系统电压稳定影响的研究
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摘要
本文首先介绍了交直流混合输电时交流系统与直流系统的相互作用和影响,强调了与弱受端交流系统相连时保持交直流系统稳定的重要性,并引出提高这一稳定性的有力措施-电容换流器。接下来介绍了电容换相换流器的发展现状及其在直流工程中的应用。其次以我国计划建设的某直流联网工程为基础，利用电磁暂态仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC搭建了CCC-HVDC系统仿真模型,开展了CCC-HVDC系统对弱受端交流系统动态性能的影响分析及安全稳定性研究。论文着重讨论了CCC-HVDC系统中串联电容C值的选取,CCC-HVDC系统的正常启停特性,CCC-HVDC系统的谐波特性,并与LCC-HVDC系统的相应特性进行比较分析。另外,重点比较了不同故障下LCC-HVDC系统与CCC-HVDC系统的不同响应情况。
理论研究和访真结果表明,CCC-HVDC系统的正常启动特性要优于LCC-HVDC系统,表现在各个变量达到额定状态的时间较短,启动过程中变量过冲幅值较小这两个方面；CCC-HVDC系统的谐波特性较为复杂,应与工程具体运行工况相结合进行分析；CCC-HVDC系统在联于弱交流系统时,具有较好的抗扰动能力和抑制换相失败的能力,能有效克服常规直流输电的缺点,但串联电容阀侧发生故障时,CCC-HVDC系统容易发生连续换相失败,暂态特性要差于LCC-HVDC系统。
Firstly, this paper introduced the interaction between ac system and dc system based on a ac-dc system, emphasized the importance of stability when dc system linked to a weak ac system, and leaded the capacitor commutation converter(CCC)-a effective measure to improve the stability. Secondly, the development situation of the capacitance commutation inverter and its application in HVDC are listed. And then, based on a certain dc net project planning to construct in china, the CCC-HVDC simulation model is built using the electro-magnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC. Research on the dynamic performance influence and stability analysis of CCC when connecting to the weak AC system. This paper emphatically discussed the size selection of the commutation capacitor, the characteristics of normal start and stop of CCC-HVDC, the harmonic characteristic analysis of CCC-HVDC and compared with the LCC-HVDC. And the different responses between LCC-HVDC and the CCC-HVDC under the different faults are studied. The comparison shows that the CCC-HVDC have a better normal start characteristics than LCC-HVDC, and a higher operational stability during AC system disturbances, but the harmonic characteristic of CCC-HVDC should combine with the project operation condition.
理论研究和访真结果表明,CCC-HVDC系统的正常启动特性要优于LCC-HVDC系统,表现在各个变量达到额定状态的时间较短,启动过程中变量过冲幅值较小这两个方面；CCC-HVDC系统的谐波特性较为复杂,应与工程具体运行工况相结合进行分析；CCC-HVDC系统在联于弱交流系统时,具有较好的抗扰动能力和抑制换相失败的能力,能有效克服常规直流输电的缺点,但串联电容阀侧发生故障时,CCC-HVDC系统容易发生连续换相失败,暂态特性要差于LCC-HVDC系统。
Firstly, this paper introduced the interaction between ac system and dc system based on a ac-dc system, emphasized the importance of stability when dc system linked to a weak ac system, and leaded the capacitor commutation converter(CCC)-a effective measure to improve the stability. Secondly, the development situation of the capacitance commutation inverter and its application in HVDC are listed. And then, based on a certain dc net project planning to construct in china, the CCC-HVDC simulation model is built using the electro-magnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC. Research on the dynamic performance influence and stability analysis of CCC when connecting to the weak AC system. This paper emphatically discussed the size selection of the commutation capacitor, the characteristics of normal start and stop of CCC-HVDC, the harmonic characteristic analysis of CCC-HVDC and compared with the LCC-HVDC. And the different responses between LCC-HVDC and the CCC-HVDC under the different faults are studied. The comparison shows that the CCC-HVDC have a better normal start characteristics than LCC-HVDC, and a higher operational stability during AC system disturbances, but the harmonic characteristic of CCC-HVDC should combine with the project operation condition.
引文
[1]田晖.直流输电技术的特点及发展应用[J].山东电力.2003,1(1)：31-34
[2]郭毅军.高压直流输电系统的现状及发展综述[J].中国西部科技,2008,7(15)：12-14
[3]王明新.现代新技术在高压直流输电中的应用[J].国际电力,2003,7(2)：20-24
[4]Holmberg P, Jonsson T, Lagerkvist. Properties of capacitor commutated converters in long HVDC cable transmission[M]. EPEA Trondheim. Norway. 1997
[5]Thio C V, Davies J B, Kent K. Commutation failures in HVDC transmission systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996,11(2):946-957
[6]Sood K V. Simulator study of hydro-Quebec MTDC line form James bay to New England[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1988,3(4):1880-1886
[7]Carroll D P. The effect of system frequency spectrum on commutation failure in HVDC inverter[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1990,5(2):1121-1128
[8]CIGRE WG 14.07, IEEE WG 15.05. Guide for planning DC links terminating at AC system locations having low short circuit capacities[J]. Electra,1992, 142(1):119-123
[9]罗隆福,周金萍,李勇.HVDC换相失败典型暂态响应特性及其抑制措施[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(4)：5-9
[10]任震,何畅炜,高明振.HVDC系统电容换相换流器特性分析(Ⅰ)：机理与特性[J].中国电机工程学报,1993,19(3)：55-58
[11]G. Balzer, H. Muller.Capacitor commutated converters for high power HVDC transmission[M]. Seventh International Conference on AC and DC Power Delivery, 2001:60-65
[12]M. M eisingset and A. M. Gole. A comparison of conventional and capacitor commutated converters based on steady-state and dynamic considerations[M]. Seventh International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission:Power Delivery,2001:49-54
[13]M. Meisingset. Application of Capacitor Commutated Converters in Multi-infeed HVDC-schemes[D]. University of Manitoba,2000:23-25
[14]唐晓骏,刘东冉，陈麟宇,马敏等.青藏流接入后西藏地区电网电压/无功控制[J].电网技术,2010,34(9)：94-99
[15]林畅.HVDC弱受端系统电压支撑策略研究及RTDS仿真[硕士学位论文].北京.华北电力大学，2009.17-19
l6]余秀月，梁小冰.联于弱交流系统的HVDC系统稳定性分析[J].广西电力,2002,(4)：4-6
[17]丘军江.与弱交流系统的HVDC电压稳定相关问题的研究[J].2007卟研究综述与技术之论坛专刊,中国电力教育，2007：393-396
[18]徐政.联于弱交流系统直流输电特性研究之二-- 控制方式与电压稳定性[J].电网技术，1997，21(3)：1-9
[19]徐政.联于弱交流系统的直流输电特性研究之—直流输电的输送能力[J].电网技术,1997,21(1)：12-16
[20]韩民晓,文俊等.高压直流输电原理与运行[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009：16-17
[21]K. Sadek, M. Pereira, D. P. Brandt, A.M. Gole, etc. Capacitor commutated converter circuit configurations for DC transmission [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.13, No.4, October 1998:1257-1264
[22][新]阿律莱加著.直流输电[M].任震等泽.重庆：重庆大学出版社,1987：156-158
[23]任震,何畅炜,高明振HVDC系统电容换相换流器特性分析(Ⅱ)：无功功率特性[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(4)：4-8
[24]A. M. Gole and M. Meisingset.. Capacitor commutated converters for long-cable HVDC transmission. Power Engineering Journal, vol.16:129-134,2002
[25]John Reeve, John A.Baron, and G. A. Hanley. Technical Assessment of Artificial Commutation of HVDC Converters with Series Capacitors. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS, Vol.Pas-87, No.10:1830-1840,1968
[26]S. Gomes, Jr. N. Martins, T. Jonsson, D. Menzies, and R. Ljungqvist. Modeling capacitor commutated converters in power system stability studies. IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol.17:371-377,2002
[27]A. J. Rezek, A. A. Santos, J. Souza and F. C. Fonseca. The capacitor commutated converter (CCC) as an alternative for application in HVDC projects. IEEE international symposium on industrial electronics,2003, vol.1:432-437
[28]浙江大学发电教研组直流输电科研组.直流输电[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1985：87-89
[29]郭锦艳,文俊.CCC的补偿艘对HVDC系统的影响分析[J].现代电力,2005,22(5)：38-41
[30]袁海燕.基于CCC的HVDC系统运行特性分析[硕士学位论文].南宁：广西大学,2006：23-29
[31]杨汾艳,徐政.直流系统采用电容换相换流器技术的特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(7)：91-96
[32]K. Sadek, M. Pereira, D. P. Brandt, A. M. Gole and A. Daneshpooy. Capacitor commutated converter circuit configurations for DC transmission.IEEE Trans.Power Delivery, vol.13:1257-1264,1998
[33]Fenyan Yang, Yong Chang Study on Capacitor Commutated Converter applied in HVDC projects,1-4244-1298-6/07(?)2007 IEEE
[34]T. J. PE Bjorklund, "Capacitor commutated converters for HVDC systems" ABB REVIEW:25-33,1997
[35]John Graham, Birger Jonsson, R. S. Moni. The Grabi 2000MW Interconnection Back-to-back HVDC to Connect Weak AC Systems[M]. Paper:PSCE,2003:1-3
[36]Brazil-Argentina Interconnection Ⅰ & Ⅱ. Pamphlet no POW-0037 from ABB[M]. Paper:PSCE,2004:1-3
[37]Donald, F. Menzies, John Graham, Fabiano Uchoas, Ribeiro. "Grabi" the Argentina-Brazil 1000MW Interconnection Commissioning and Early Operation Experience; ERLAC, Brazil,2001
[38]Mike Bahrman, Bernt Abrahamsson. Rapid City Reliability[M]. Paper:PSCE,2003: 1-3
[39]M. Stoltz, M. Bahrman, D. Dickinson,B. Abrahamsson. The Rapid City DC Tie[M]. Paper:PSCE,2006:1-3
[10]Rapid City DC Tie. Pamphlet no POW-0028 from ABB[M]. Paper:PSCE,2003:1-3
[41]赵婉君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1984：102-104
[42]WEN Jun, WANG Jun, Liying WANG, YIN Wei-yang, LIU Bao-hong. Evaluation of Capacitor Commutated Converter HVDC for Qinghai-Xizhang Interconnection Project;The 9th Institution of Engineering and Technology International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission, London,2010
[2]郭毅军.高压直流输电系统的现状及发展综述[J].中国西部科技,2008,7(15)：12-14
[3]王明新.现代新技术在高压直流输电中的应用[J].国际电力,2003,7(2)：20-24
[4]Holmberg P, Jonsson T, Lagerkvist. Properties of capacitor commutated converters in long HVDC cable transmission[M]. EPEA Trondheim. Norway. 1997
[5]Thio C V, Davies J B, Kent K. Commutation failures in HVDC transmission systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996,11(2):946-957
[6]Sood K V. Simulator study of hydro-Quebec MTDC line form James bay to New England[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1988,3(4):1880-1886
[7]Carroll D P. The effect of system frequency spectrum on commutation failure in HVDC inverter[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1990,5(2):1121-1128
[8]CIGRE WG 14.07, IEEE WG 15.05. Guide for planning DC links terminating at AC system locations having low short circuit capacities[J]. Electra,1992, 142(1):119-123
[9]罗隆福,周金萍,李勇.HVDC换相失败典型暂态响应特性及其抑制措施[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(4)：5-9
[10]任震,何畅炜,高明振.HVDC系统电容换相换流器特性分析(Ⅰ)：机理与特性[J].中国电机工程学报,1993,19(3)：55-58
[11]G. Balzer, H. Muller.Capacitor commutated converters for high power HVDC transmission[M]. Seventh International Conference on AC and DC Power Delivery, 2001:60-65
[12]M. M eisingset and A. M. Gole. A comparison of conventional and capacitor commutated converters based on steady-state and dynamic considerations[M]. Seventh International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission:Power Delivery,2001:49-54
[13]M. Meisingset. Application of Capacitor Commutated Converters in Multi-infeed HVDC-schemes[D]. University of Manitoba,2000:23-25
[14]唐晓骏,刘东冉，陈麟宇,马敏等.青藏流接入后西藏地区电网电压/无功控制[J].电网技术,2010,34(9)：94-99
[15]林畅.HVDC弱受端系统电压支撑策略研究及RTDS仿真[硕士学位论文].北京.华北电力大学，2009.17-19
l6]余秀月，梁小冰.联于弱交流系统的HVDC系统稳定性分析[J].广西电力,2002,(4)：4-6
[17]丘军江.与弱交流系统的HVDC电压稳定相关问题的研究[J].2007卟研究综述与技术之论坛专刊,中国电力教育，2007：393-396
[18]徐政.联于弱交流系统直流输电特性研究之二-- 控制方式与电压稳定性[J].电网技术，1997，21(3)：1-9
[19]徐政.联于弱交流系统的直流输电特性研究之—直流输电的输送能力[J].电网技术,1997,21(1)：12-16
[20]韩民晓,文俊等.高压直流输电原理与运行[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009：16-17
[21]K. Sadek, M. Pereira, D. P. Brandt, A.M. Gole, etc. Capacitor commutated converter circuit configurations for DC transmission [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.13, No.4, October 1998:1257-1264
[22][新]阿律莱加著.直流输电[M].任震等泽.重庆：重庆大学出版社,1987：156-158
[23]任震,何畅炜,高明振HVDC系统电容换相换流器特性分析(Ⅱ)：无功功率特性[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(4)：4-8
[24]A. M. Gole and M. Meisingset.. Capacitor commutated converters for long-cable HVDC transmission. Power Engineering Journal, vol.16:129-134,2002
[25]John Reeve, John A.Baron, and G. A. Hanley. Technical Assessment of Artificial Commutation of HVDC Converters with Series Capacitors. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS, Vol.Pas-87, No.10:1830-1840,1968
[26]S. Gomes, Jr. N. Martins, T. Jonsson, D. Menzies, and R. Ljungqvist. Modeling capacitor commutated converters in power system stability studies. IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol.17:371-377,2002
[27]A. J. Rezek, A. A. Santos, J. Souza and F. C. Fonseca. The capacitor commutated converter (CCC) as an alternative for application in HVDC projects. IEEE international symposium on industrial electronics,2003, vol.1:432-437
[28]浙江大学发电教研组直流输电科研组.直流输电[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1985：87-89
[29]郭锦艳,文俊.CCC的补偿艘对HVDC系统的影响分析[J].现代电力,2005,22(5)：38-41
[30]袁海燕.基于CCC的HVDC系统运行特性分析[硕士学位论文].南宁：广西大学,2006：23-29
[31]杨汾艳,徐政.直流系统采用电容换相换流器技术的特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(7)：91-96
[32]K. Sadek, M. Pereira, D. P. Brandt, A. M. Gole and A. Daneshpooy. Capacitor commutated converter circuit configurations for DC transmission.IEEE Trans.Power Delivery, vol.13:1257-1264,1998
[33]Fenyan Yang, Yong Chang Study on Capacitor Commutated Converter applied in HVDC projects,1-4244-1298-6/07(?)2007 IEEE
[34]T. J. PE Bjorklund, "Capacitor commutated converters for HVDC systems" ABB REVIEW:25-33,1997
[35]John Graham, Birger Jonsson, R. S. Moni. The Grabi 2000MW Interconnection Back-to-back HVDC to Connect Weak AC Systems[M]. Paper:PSCE,2003:1-3
[36]Brazil-Argentina Interconnection Ⅰ & Ⅱ. Pamphlet no POW-0037 from ABB[M]. Paper:PSCE,2004:1-3
[37]Donald, F. Menzies, John Graham, Fabiano Uchoas, Ribeiro. "Grabi" the Argentina-Brazil 1000MW Interconnection Commissioning and Early Operation Experience; ERLAC, Brazil,2001
[38]Mike Bahrman, Bernt Abrahamsson. Rapid City Reliability[M]. Paper:PSCE,2003: 1-3
[39]M. Stoltz, M. Bahrman, D. Dickinson,B. Abrahamsson. The Rapid City DC Tie[M]. Paper:PSCE,2006:1-3
[10]Rapid City DC Tie. Pamphlet no POW-0028 from ABB[M]. Paper:PSCE,2003:1-3
[41]赵婉君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1984：102-104
[42]WEN Jun, WANG Jun, Liying WANG, YIN Wei-yang, LIU Bao-hong. Evaluation of Capacitor Commutated Converter HVDC for Qinghai-Xizhang Interconnection Project;The 9th Institution of Engineering and Technology International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission, London,2010