摘要
目前,水体重金属污染日益受到人们的共同关注,这也成为研究国内外水环境污染治理的难题和焦点。对于我国这样一个矿业资源丰富的大国,在矿区进行水体重金属修复是一项新的课题。
实验通过实验室模拟重金属废水,用重金属螯合剂NDTC和农作物种苗(玉米、高粱)进行去除和吸收,分析讨论了NDTC投加量、pH值、沉淀时间、反应温度对重金属去除率的影响,考察了玉米、高粱分别对不同重金属的吸收效应,结果表明:重金属螯合剂NDTC处理含Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Za~(2+)、Cd~(2+)10mg/L的100mL模拟废水,去除率平均值都达到了94%以上,剩余浓度都降低到1 mg/L以下,分别为0.118 mg/L,0.205 mg/L,0.512 mg/L和0.404mg/L,Cu和Zn到达国家排放标准,而Pb和Cd接近国家排放标准。NDTC能够有效去除废水中的重金属,处理方法简单,沉淀稳定;玉米、高粱对同一重金属表现出不同选择性和差异性,且玉米、高粱不同部分对同一重金属的积累效应也不同,表现为:根>茎>叶。
实验还在唐山市开滦矿区南湖现场,利用美人蕉、鸢尾、旱伞草和千屈菜四种湿生植物做浮床种植实验,去除水中重金属,选择芦苇、荷花和香蒲做挺水种植实验,去除底泥中重金属。通过对植物体进行测定分析得出:所选植物对水体中重金属的去除能力和对环境的适应能力总体表现为美人蕉、旱伞草大于鸢尾、千屈菜;对底泥中重金属的去除是香蒲优于芦苇、荷花。
实验结果表明,植物吸收的重金属大都贮存在根系中,只有极少一部分被传输转运到地上部分的茎、叶中。研究结果能为我国矿区进行水体中金属修复提供有实际价值的参数。
At present, the pollution of water's heavy metal cause the attention by us gradually. This also becomes the difficult problem and focus in studying water environmental pollution at home and abroad. Our country is abundant in coal natural resources, which carries out water's heavy metals renovation in cutting coal subsiding area is a new subject.
The experiment uses heavy metals chelate agent (NDTC) and the crop seedlings (corn, broomcorn) to wipe off and absorb heavy metals of simulating heavy metals waste water in the laboratory. In order to insure the wipe off rate, NDTC amounts, pH value,precipitayion time and the reaction temperature have been analysed and discussed, the sorption effect to different heavy metal has been inspected of the corn and broomcorn.The result indicates: NDTC is able to wipe off the heavy metals in waste water effectively, and the handling method is simple, deposition steady-going, Cu~(2+), Pb~(2+), Zn~(2+), Cd~(2+) taking off rate average value has all reached 94% in 100 ml of 10 mg/L simulate waste water, surplus thickness all be lowered to 1mg/L, parts for 0.118 mg/L, 0.205mg/L, 0.512mg/L and 0.404mg/L, Cu and Zn get to the country effluent standard, but Pb and Cd approach the country effluent standardthe. NDTC can effectively remove in the waste water the heavy metal, theprocessing method simple, the precipitation is stable ,above the corn and the broomcorn show the different selectivity and otherness to the same heavy metal, the different parts of corn and the broomcorn show the different accumulation effect to the same heavy metal: root>stem> leaf.
Canna indica, Cyperus alternifolius, Lythrum salicaria Linn and RooflrisRhizome were selected to make a floating cultivate experiment in order to remove the heavy metals in water, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Hindu Lotus were selected to make a standing cultivate experiment in order to remove the heavy metals in bottom mud. The detect result of heavy metals in plant body show that all the selected plants have the ability to forbear and absorb the heavy metals dissolved in water and bottom mud, Canna indica, Cyperus alternifolius have a good absorb effect than Lythrum salicaria Linn and RooflrisRhizome, Typha latifolia is better than Phragmites australis, Hindu Lotus.
The experiment result indicates that the heavy metals which is absorbed by plant mostly reserved in root system, and only a little of the heavy metals is transported to the stem and leaf of the ground parts. The results of the study can carry on in the water body for our country miningarea the metal repair to provide have the actual value the parameter.
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