摘要
本文通过采用水稻离体和非离体(活体)叶片、植株等,用不同接种方法研究了水稻品种对稻瘟病的抗性,其抗性鉴定试验结果如下:
通过对不同培养基和光照条件的研究,提出了稻瘟病菌产孢的最适培养基为玉米粉基础培养基加稻杆汁,并在黑光灯的照射下培养其产孢最佳。
利用水稻苗期离体叶片和活体幼苗进行品种抗叶瘟鉴定,试验在研究提出了离体叶片保绿剂苯骈咪唑最适浓度为100—200ppm,最适接种孢子浓度为20—30×10~4个/ml,叶片接种最佳苗龄为4—5叶期的基础上,通过对不同品种叶瘟抗性鉴定,试验表明,利用幼苗离体叶片对品种的鉴定结果与常规的利用活体幼苗鉴定结果基本一致,且具有节省时间、空间和鉴定工作量,可大批量鉴定品种的优点,完全可以应用于品种抗叶瘟的鉴定。
在对品种抗穗瘟的鉴定技术方面,选出效果理想的离体稻穗保鲜剂,试验确定了最适接种穗龄,通过对离体和活体稻穗采用多种接种方法的试验研究,明确了离体稻穗喷雾和涂抹接种鉴定结果与常规的活体穗喷雾、涂抹接种鉴定结果基本一致,符合率达90%以上。
研究提出了田间病圃与活体病株法相结合的田间鉴定技术,该技术可以弥补常规田间鉴定方法的不足,具准确、简便、鉴定量大的优点。并应用该项鉴定技术对我省800余份材料进行了鉴定,为育种者提供了抗稻瘟病资源材料。
In this thesis, the different inoculating methods, including leaves in vitro and in vivo and whole plants being inoculated were studied, and the resistance to blast of rice in cultivars was identified by these methods.
After mediums and light conditions were studied, the results showed that the most suitable medium for producing spores of rice blast was the maize-powder based medium adding the straw extract, and the best light condition was illuminated by black light. Resistance to the blast of leaves in vitro and seedlings during seedling stage was tested. It was found that in the leaf in vitro test, the keeping green detergent was Benzimidazole (100-200ppm), the fittest inoculate concentration was 20-30× 104 spores/ml . and the best inoculating time was seedlings with 4-5 leaves, The result that different cultivars were identified by the leaf in vitro test was almost the same as it that the leaf in vitro test was almost the same as it that these cultivars were test by the regular methods of seedling identification. Moreover, the leaf in vitro test should save time, space and amount of work, and also with the merit of testing a large number, Hence, this method could be adapted in identification of cultivars
resistance to rice blast.
In researches on identification techniques of cultivars' ear blast, the effectively keeping fresh detergent of ears in vitro was selected. The most suitable ear-age for inoculation was conformed. Through many tests of inoculating methods in ears in vitro and in vivo, the data of the ears in vitro inoculated by spring and smear were almost accord to the traditional test of ears in vivo inoculated by spring and smear. The accordance rate was above 90%.
The researches pat forward a proposal of identification in disease plot field combining with disease plants in vivo. This proposal counteracted the weakness of the traditional
identification method, and kept with in larger number, correct and simple merits. Using this proposal, 800 cultivars or lines of Heilongjiang had identified. The materials with resistance to rice blast were selected and should benefit rice breeders.
引文
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