雷公山自然保护区苔藓植物区系研究
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摘要
雷公山自然保护区地理座标为东经108°5′-108°24′,北纬26°15′-26°32′。该地区的植被类型为亚热带常绿阔叶林,所处气候带为中亚热带季风气候。地势由西南向东南倾斜,山地海拔一般为650-2000米;最高海拨2178.8m。
     通过对采自雷公山的3094号标本的鉴定,现知该地区共有苔藓植物65科165属449种(包括6亚种15变种)。通过此次调查发现了2属42种的贵州新记录,作者对所有的贵州新记录科和属都进行了描述,并对部分种进行拍照。通过对该地区苔藓植物科和属的组成分析,12个优势科和22个优势属构成该区苔藓植物的主体。
     雷公山自然保护区苔藓植物的地理成分以东亚成分为主要成分,共有147种苔藓植物属于此种类型,占总种数34.65%。热带成分的苔藓植物有116种,占总数的27.36%,温带成分的苔藓植物有108种,占总种数的25.47%,与热带成分相当。表明雷公山是热带、亚热带成分向北扩展和温带成分向南渗透的过渡地带,也使得雷公山苔藓植物区系具有从亚热带向暖温带过渡的特征,这种情况与雷公山所处的地理位置是一致的。雷公山苔藓植物的中国特有种较高,有45种,这主要与该地独特的地理气候条件有关。
     本文选取不同的6个地区与本地区进行苔藓植物区系比较。通过相似性系数比较,得出与梵净山的相似性最高,与长白山相似性系数最低,该地区的苔藓植物区系与其所处的地理位置是一致的,通过比较,得出雷公山是我国苔藓植物东亚成分最集中的区域之一。
     雷公山自然保护区有9个东亚特有属并明显受喜马拉雅的影响。特别值得注意的是。在雷公山区苔藓区系中约有10%的种类是典型的热带成分。根据分析,笔者认为雷公苔藓区系表现出由亚热带向温带过渡的特性。
Leigongshan Nature Reserve is located at 108°5′-108°24′East longitude and 26°15′-26°32′North latitude, which is in the middle subtropical climatic belt. However, it's main vegetation is subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forests. The average height is between 620m-2000m, and the geography of this zone shows that the northwest part is higher than southeast part. The highest peak's height is 2178.8m.
     According to the authentication of specimen No.3094, 165 genera, 65 families and 449 species' (subspecies and varieties are included) moss were identified. In this investigation, 2 families and 449 species arc firstly reported for Guizhou province. The author has described all these new discovered vegetations and pictured part of them. Bound to the analysis of this area, 12 advantage families and 22 advantage genera were the bulk of this structure.
     In this reserve, the East Asian elements are the most important part of this area which contains 147 species corresponding to 34.56% of the total. The tropical elements list the third by 116 species, which accounting for 27.35% of the total.The temperate elements were 108 species accounting for 25.47% of the total. The Temperate elements were almost equal to the tropical elements. According to this information, the reserve has become a transitional area because of the tropical and the subtropical types expanded toward the north and the temperate types expanded toward the south. However, this characteristic has matched the geographical location whereabouts. Furthermore, 45 species endemic to China are recorded here owing to its unique climate conditions. For considering the relationship of bryophytcs flora between Lcgongshan Nature Reserve and other regions, the author firstly chooses 5 regions. The similarity coefficient of bryophytcs genera between Lcgongshan Nature Reserve and Fanjingshan Nature Reserve is the highes while the counterpart between Legongshan Nature Reserve and Changbaishan is the lowest. The comparison indicates that bryophytes flora Legongshan Nature Reserve is in accordance with its location, furthermore, Legongshan Nature Reserve is one of the concentration camps of bryophytes of East Asian elements to some extent. The LeiGongShong Nature Reserve has 9 East Asian elements were affected by the Himalayas. The most important is that there were about 10% typical tropical elements distribute over the LeiGong bryophytes genera area. Bound to the result of analysis, the author considers the characteristic of the subtropical transit to the temperate had manifested the LeiGeng bryophytes genera area.
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