基于COM+的ERP系统体系结构理论与应用研究
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摘要
ERP是信息时代的现代企业向国际化发展的更高层管理模式，代表了当前集成化企业管理软件系统的最高水平。ERP是一种面向企业供应链的管理思想，可对供应链上的所有环节有效的进行管理，它可以帮助企业提高生产率、降低单位成品的价格、提高资金利用率、为企业领导的发展决策提供基础数据支持，从而提高企业在国内、外市场上的竞争力。
本文在介绍软件体系结构和COM+的基础上，分析了传统基于两层C／S模式ERP系统体系结构所存在的一些问题，为了解决这些问题提出基于COM+的三层C／S模式ERP系统体系结构的设计方法。
本文在介绍了23种经典设计模式的基础上，简要分析了在构建ERP系统框架中，通过使用Facade模式将复杂系统分解成若干子系统逐个解决来简化复杂系统的分析与设计，并可使用该模式有效地解决新、旧系统的兼容问题。
本文在分析了多种ERP系统构建理论的基础上，提出了基于合约模式理论ERP系统构建理论。合约模式理论是一种基于动态企业模型的ERP系统构建理论，它应用事件参与模型和合约关系抽象系统模型，构建ERP系统构建框架和动态企业模型。
本文把企业系统中的实体对象划分为结构型对象和合约关系型对象，用结构型对象定义了企业系统的结构，合约关系型对象描述了两个活动类型对象之间的关系，进而阐述了多个合约关系构成企业流程的基本原理。
应用事件参与模型，把结构型对象抽象成事件，与之相关的其它结构型对象抽象成事件的参与者。通过事件参与关系限定结构型对象的结构，实现了以通用的抽象形式描述企业模型和ERP系统模型的结构单元及其相互关系。
最后，本文以开发的ERP系统为例，说明了如何运用合约模式分析与设计系统中的各对象，并解释了各对象的工作方式。利用设计的对象构建COM+组件，实现了基于COM+的三层C／S模式的ERP系统。
ERP is a higher management pattern for modern Enterprises to step into internationalization in the information age. It has represented the highest level of the current integrated software System of business management. ERP is the managing thought that is exactly to the supplying chain of Enterprises, and it can make all the links on the chain managed effectively. It can also help Enterprises to improve productivity, to reduce the costs of finished products, and to increase capital utilization rate. It offers basic data to support the developing decisions which are made by leaders. Consequently, the Enterprises are able to improve the competition capability in markets from inland to over seas.
On the basis of the Software Architecture and COM+, this paper analyzed some problems that faced by traditional ERP System, which based on Two-Tier C/S pattern. And the ERP System Architecture based on COM+ and Three-Tier C/S pattern is designed to solve these problems.
The twenty-three kinds of classical design pattern were introduced simply. It can easy the systems analysis and design to decompose a complicated system into some simple sub systems by using a design pattern named Facade when we construct ERP System frame. The compatibility problem between the new System and the old System can be solved by using the Facade.
This dissertation proposed the ERP System construction theory was based on Contract Pattern theory. Contract Pattern System is an ERP System construction theory in view of Dynamic Enterprise model. It applies event-participation model and Contraction Relation abstract System to construct the ERP System construction frame and Dynamic Enterprise model.
This dissertation classifies the entity objects of enterprise System into structural objects and contract objects. The enterprise information structure is defined with structural objects and the relationship of activity objects is described with contract objects. The basic principle of enterprise business process constructed through multiple contracts relation is discussed.
In the Event-Participant Model, A structural object is abstracted as an event, and it's related structural objects are abstracted as participants. Through the structural objects' Event-Participant relation, the structural units of Enterprise and ERP System are depicted in general form.
In the end of this dissertation, an example of the inventory management System was provided to explain how to analyze and design the subjects by utilizing Contract
Pattern. And the working mode among subjects was also explained. Using the subjects that designed to construct the COM+ components can realize the ERP System Architecture based on Three-Tier C/S model.
本文在介绍软件体系结构和COM+的基础上，分析了传统基于两层C／S模式ERP系统体系结构所存在的一些问题，为了解决这些问题提出基于COM+的三层C／S模式ERP系统体系结构的设计方法。
本文在介绍了23种经典设计模式的基础上，简要分析了在构建ERP系统框架中，通过使用Facade模式将复杂系统分解成若干子系统逐个解决来简化复杂系统的分析与设计，并可使用该模式有效地解决新、旧系统的兼容问题。
本文在分析了多种ERP系统构建理论的基础上，提出了基于合约模式理论ERP系统构建理论。合约模式理论是一种基于动态企业模型的ERP系统构建理论，它应用事件参与模型和合约关系抽象系统模型，构建ERP系统构建框架和动态企业模型。
本文把企业系统中的实体对象划分为结构型对象和合约关系型对象，用结构型对象定义了企业系统的结构，合约关系型对象描述了两个活动类型对象之间的关系，进而阐述了多个合约关系构成企业流程的基本原理。
应用事件参与模型，把结构型对象抽象成事件，与之相关的其它结构型对象抽象成事件的参与者。通过事件参与关系限定结构型对象的结构，实现了以通用的抽象形式描述企业模型和ERP系统模型的结构单元及其相互关系。
最后，本文以开发的ERP系统为例，说明了如何运用合约模式分析与设计系统中的各对象，并解释了各对象的工作方式。利用设计的对象构建COM+组件，实现了基于COM+的三层C／S模式的ERP系统。
ERP is a higher management pattern for modern Enterprises to step into internationalization in the information age. It has represented the highest level of the current integrated software System of business management. ERP is the managing thought that is exactly to the supplying chain of Enterprises, and it can make all the links on the chain managed effectively. It can also help Enterprises to improve productivity, to reduce the costs of finished products, and to increase capital utilization rate. It offers basic data to support the developing decisions which are made by leaders. Consequently, the Enterprises are able to improve the competition capability in markets from inland to over seas.
On the basis of the Software Architecture and COM+, this paper analyzed some problems that faced by traditional ERP System, which based on Two-Tier C/S pattern. And the ERP System Architecture based on COM+ and Three-Tier C/S pattern is designed to solve these problems.
The twenty-three kinds of classical design pattern were introduced simply. It can easy the systems analysis and design to decompose a complicated system into some simple sub systems by using a design pattern named Facade when we construct ERP System frame. The compatibility problem between the new System and the old System can be solved by using the Facade.
This dissertation proposed the ERP System construction theory was based on Contract Pattern theory. Contract Pattern System is an ERP System construction theory in view of Dynamic Enterprise model. It applies event-participation model and Contraction Relation abstract System to construct the ERP System construction frame and Dynamic Enterprise model.
This dissertation classifies the entity objects of enterprise System into structural objects and contract objects. The enterprise information structure is defined with structural objects and the relationship of activity objects is described with contract objects. The basic principle of enterprise business process constructed through multiple contracts relation is discussed.
In the Event-Participant Model, A structural object is abstracted as an event, and it's related structural objects are abstracted as participants. Through the structural objects' Event-Participant relation, the structural units of Enterprise and ERP System are depicted in general form.
In the end of this dissertation, an example of the inventory management System was provided to explain how to analyze and design the subjects by utilizing Contract
Pattern. And the working mode among subjects was also explained. Using the subjects that designed to construct the COM+ components can realize the ERP System Architecture based on Three-Tier C/S model.
引文
[1] 黄尹国，吴曙光，刘国威．生产库存管理新方法——MRP．北京：机械工业出版社，1987
[2] 罗鸿．ERP原理·设计·实施．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．3
[3] 周玉清，刘伯莹，刘伯钧．MRPⅡ原理与实施．天津：天津大学出版社，1994
[4] 张后启．ERP系统的成功应用模式．中外管理学报，1999(2)
[5] 曾垂璧，李慧敏．集成ERP管理模式．科研管理，1999
[6] 马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[7] 周之英．现代软件工程．北京：科学出版社，2000
[8] Bertrand Meyer. Object-Oriented Software Construction. 北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[9] G. Booch, M. Vilot. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design. The C++ Report, 1991, Vol.3
[10] G. Booch. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications. Benjamin/Cummings, 1994
[11] Marring Fowler. Which OO Analysis and Design Method. SCOOP, Europe, 1991
[12] Grady Booch. Object-Oriented Development. in IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1998, Vol. SE-12(2)
[13] Wegner. P. Concepts and Paradigms of Object-Oriented Programming. OOPS Messenger
[14] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1995
[15] Peter Coad. Object-Oriented Patterns. Communications of the ACM, 1992, Vol. 35(9)
[16] Gamma E., Helm R., Johnson R. and Vlissides J. Design Patterns-Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Reading, Ma: Addison-Wesley, 1994
[17] Eric Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson. Design Pattern: Element of Object-Oriented Software Architecture. Addison-Wesley, 1995
[18] 杨正普．面向对象分析与设计．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001．10
[19] Mary Shaw, David Garlan. Software Architecture. 北京清华大学出版社，1998．4
[20] 黄敬人．系统分析．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．4
[21] [美]David M.Dikel等著，张恂等译．软件架构——组织原则与模式．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．8
[22] 信息管理系列 编委会编著．软件体系结构．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2001
[23] DanielTkach, Walter Fang, Andre so. Visual Modeling Technique: Object Technology Using Visual Programming. Addison Wesley Longman, 1998.
[24] Davod Garam, Aru Sjaw, Chris Okasaki, Curtis Scott, and Roy Swonger. Experience with a course on Architectures for Software Systems. In Proceedings of the Sixth SEI Conference on Software Engineering Education. October 1992
[25] David Garlan, Robert Allen, and John Ockerbloom, Architectural Mismatch, or, Why it's Hard to Build Systems Out of Existing Parts, In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Software Engineering, Seattle, Washington, April 1995
[26] Ivar Jacobson, et al. Using Contracts and Use Cases to Build Plugable Architectures. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming (JOOP), 1995
[27] Kiln Walden and Jean-Marc Nerson. Seamless Object-Oriented Software Architecture. 1991, Prentice hall
[28] C.Alexander, et al.. A Pattern Language: Towns, Building, Construction. Oxford University Press, New York, 1997
[29] David Taylor. Finding Good Objects. Object Magazine, Sept. 1993
[30] Thomas, D.. Management Implications of Object-Oriented Development. ACS Newsletter,October 1990
[31] Booch G. and Rumbaugh J. Unified Method for Object-Oriented Development Documentation set. Version 0.8 Rational Software Corporation, 1995
[32] Tom DeMarco. Structured Analysis and System Specification. Yourdon Press, New York 1978
[33] [美]Wayne S.Freeze著．金德洪，袁海洋等译．Visual Basic开发指南——COM和COM+．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．9
[34] [美]Richard C.Leinecker著．高智勇，唐华平等译．COM+技术大全．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．8
[35] [美]Robert J.Oberg著．刘谦等译．COM+高级编程．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．1
[36] [美] Wendy Boggs, Michael Boggs 著. UML With Rational Rose 从入门到精通．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．3
[37] Barry W. Boehm, J.R. Brown, G. McLeod, Myron Lipow. Characteristics of Software Quality. TRW Series of Software Technology, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1978
[38] I. Jacobson, M.Christerson, Et al. Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach. Addison-Wesley, 1992
[39] M. Loomis. Client-Server Architecture. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, 1992
[40] 董士海．计算机软件工程环境和软件工具．北京：科学出版社，1990
[41] 潘爱民著．COM原理与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[42] Guy Eddon, Henry. Inside COM+ Base Service. Microsoft Press,1999
[2] 罗鸿．ERP原理·设计·实施．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．3
[3] 周玉清，刘伯莹，刘伯钧．MRPⅡ原理与实施．天津：天津大学出版社，1994
[4] 张后启．ERP系统的成功应用模式．中外管理学报，1999(2)
[5] 曾垂璧，李慧敏．集成ERP管理模式．科研管理，1999
[6] 马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[7] 周之英．现代软件工程．北京：科学出版社，2000
[8] Bertrand Meyer. Object-Oriented Software Construction. 北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[9] G. Booch, M. Vilot. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design. The C++ Report, 1991, Vol.3
[10] G. Booch. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications. Benjamin/Cummings, 1994
[11] Marring Fowler. Which OO Analysis and Design Method. SCOOP, Europe, 1991
[12] Grady Booch. Object-Oriented Development. in IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1998, Vol. SE-12(2)
[13] Wegner. P. Concepts and Paradigms of Object-Oriented Programming. OOPS Messenger
[14] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1995
[15] Peter Coad. Object-Oriented Patterns. Communications of the ACM, 1992, Vol. 35(9)
[16] Gamma E., Helm R., Johnson R. and Vlissides J. Design Patterns-Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Reading, Ma: Addison-Wesley, 1994
[17] Eric Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson. Design Pattern: Element of Object-Oriented Software Architecture. Addison-Wesley, 1995
[18] 杨正普．面向对象分析与设计．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001．10
[19] Mary Shaw, David Garlan. Software Architecture. 北京清华大学出版社，1998．4
[20] 黄敬人．系统分析．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．4
[21] [美]David M.Dikel等著，张恂等译．软件架构——组织原则与模式．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．8
[22] 信息管理系列 编委会编著．软件体系结构．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2001
[23] DanielTkach, Walter Fang, Andre so. Visual Modeling Technique: Object Technology Using Visual Programming. Addison Wesley Longman, 1998.
[24] Davod Garam, Aru Sjaw, Chris Okasaki, Curtis Scott, and Roy Swonger. Experience with a course on Architectures for Software Systems. In Proceedings of the Sixth SEI Conference on Software Engineering Education. October 1992
[25] David Garlan, Robert Allen, and John Ockerbloom, Architectural Mismatch, or, Why it's Hard to Build Systems Out of Existing Parts, In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Software Engineering, Seattle, Washington, April 1995
[26] Ivar Jacobson, et al. Using Contracts and Use Cases to Build Plugable Architectures. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming (JOOP), 1995
[27] Kiln Walden and Jean-Marc Nerson. Seamless Object-Oriented Software Architecture. 1991, Prentice hall
[28] C.Alexander, et al.. A Pattern Language: Towns, Building, Construction. Oxford University Press, New York, 1997
[29] David Taylor. Finding Good Objects. Object Magazine, Sept. 1993
[30] Thomas, D.. Management Implications of Object-Oriented Development. ACS Newsletter,October 1990
[31] Booch G. and Rumbaugh J. Unified Method for Object-Oriented Development Documentation set. Version 0.8 Rational Software Corporation, 1995
[32] Tom DeMarco. Structured Analysis and System Specification. Yourdon Press, New York 1978
[33] [美]Wayne S.Freeze著．金德洪，袁海洋等译．Visual Basic开发指南——COM和COM+．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．9
[34] [美]Richard C.Leinecker著．高智勇，唐华平等译．COM+技术大全．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．8
[35] [美]Robert J.Oberg著．刘谦等译．COM+高级编程．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．1
[36] [美] Wendy Boggs, Michael Boggs 著. UML With Rational Rose 从入门到精通．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．3
[37] Barry W. Boehm, J.R. Brown, G. McLeod, Myron Lipow. Characteristics of Software Quality. TRW Series of Software Technology, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1978
[38] I. Jacobson, M.Christerson, Et al. Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach. Addison-Wesley, 1992
[39] M. Loomis. Client-Server Architecture. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, 1992
[40] 董士海．计算机软件工程环境和软件工具．北京：科学出版社，1990
[41] 潘爱民著．COM原理与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[42] Guy Eddon, Henry. Inside COM+ Base Service. Microsoft Press,1999