光纤Bragg光栅复用解调系统研究
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摘要
光纤Bragg光栅(Fiber Bragg grating FBG)作为传感器,具有灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰、安全可靠、可以测量不同物理参量等优点,引起了普遍的重视。为了实现多点、分布式信号传感测量,人们提出基于波分、时分、空分复用技术的多种复用方案。这些复用技术中,波分复用和空分复用相结合的复用技术具有较高的精度,但是解调速度慢。本文提出了基于倾斜光栅的FBG复用解调系统,只对波长变化的FBG解调,优化了解调规则,提高了解调速度。具体内容包括:
首先,介绍了光纤光栅的分析方法,并利用耦合模理论和转移矩阵法对光纤光栅进行仿真。研究了FBG的温度、应变传感模型,并分析了常用的FBG解调方案。
其次,设计了基于倾斜光栅的FBG复用解调系统,分析了系统中关键器件的性能和工作原理。研究了光纤F-P可调谐滤波器的特性,并采用梳状滤波器对其进行非线性标定。提出采用经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition EMD )方法对FBG反射谱进行消噪处理,并对EMD方法进行理论研究。
最后,对光纤F-P可调谐滤波器标定系统进行实验研究,得到透射波长和驱动电压之间的关系曲线。对EMD方法的滤波效果进行了仿真研究,并通过实验验证EMD方法对提高系统测量精度的作用。利用所设计的系统分别进行温度、应变传感实验,实验表明实验值和理论值相吻合。与传统复用系统进行解调等待时间比较,验证了所设计系统的可行性。
Fiber Bragg gratings(FBG) used as sensors have been attracted considerable attention due to their high sensitivity, immunity to electric interference, safety and capability of measuring different kinds of physical parameters. Many multiplexing schemes have been proposed based on techniques including wavelength, time, and space division multiplexing to meet multipoint and distributed sensing. Among these techniques, the Wavelength and spatial division combined multiplexing approach has high resolution, but, it is relatively slow. In this paper, a FBG multiplexing demodulation system based on tilted fiber Bragg grating is proposed. The multiplexing technique only demodulates the FBG sensors whose peak wavelength is shifting, so that the demodulation rule is optimized, also the demodulation rate is improved. The primary content includes:
Firstly, the analysis methods of fiber grating are introduced, also the simulation of fiber grating using coupled-mode theory and the transfer matrix method is established. The temperature and strain sensing models of FBG are researched, and the commonly FBG demodulation schemes are analyzed. Secondly, the FBG multiplexing demodulation system based on tilted fiber Bragg grating is designed, and the performance and working principle of main devices is analyzed. The characteristics of fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filters are researched, and the comb filter is used to calibrate its nonlinear. Empirical mode decomposition method is proposed to denoise the reflection spectrum of FBG.
Finally, transmission wavelength of fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filters as a function of the scanning voltage is obtained though experiment. The filtering effectiveness of EMD is simulated, also through contrast experiment proved the measurement accuracy is improved. The experiments on temperature and strain are done respectively, of which the results show that the experimental data is consistent with theoretical data. Comparing the average delay time of this system with conventional system, the feasibility of the proposed system is well proved.
首先,介绍了光纤光栅的分析方法,并利用耦合模理论和转移矩阵法对光纤光栅进行仿真。研究了FBG的温度、应变传感模型,并分析了常用的FBG解调方案。
其次,设计了基于倾斜光栅的FBG复用解调系统,分析了系统中关键器件的性能和工作原理。研究了光纤F-P可调谐滤波器的特性,并采用梳状滤波器对其进行非线性标定。提出采用经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition EMD )方法对FBG反射谱进行消噪处理,并对EMD方法进行理论研究。
最后,对光纤F-P可调谐滤波器标定系统进行实验研究,得到透射波长和驱动电压之间的关系曲线。对EMD方法的滤波效果进行了仿真研究,并通过实验验证EMD方法对提高系统测量精度的作用。利用所设计的系统分别进行温度、应变传感实验,实验表明实验值和理论值相吻合。与传统复用系统进行解调等待时间比较,验证了所设计系统的可行性。
Fiber Bragg gratings(FBG) used as sensors have been attracted considerable attention due to their high sensitivity, immunity to electric interference, safety and capability of measuring different kinds of physical parameters. Many multiplexing schemes have been proposed based on techniques including wavelength, time, and space division multiplexing to meet multipoint and distributed sensing. Among these techniques, the Wavelength and spatial division combined multiplexing approach has high resolution, but, it is relatively slow. In this paper, a FBG multiplexing demodulation system based on tilted fiber Bragg grating is proposed. The multiplexing technique only demodulates the FBG sensors whose peak wavelength is shifting, so that the demodulation rule is optimized, also the demodulation rate is improved. The primary content includes:
Firstly, the analysis methods of fiber grating are introduced, also the simulation of fiber grating using coupled-mode theory and the transfer matrix method is established. The temperature and strain sensing models of FBG are researched, and the commonly FBG demodulation schemes are analyzed. Secondly, the FBG multiplexing demodulation system based on tilted fiber Bragg grating is designed, and the performance and working principle of main devices is analyzed. The characteristics of fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filters are researched, and the comb filter is used to calibrate its nonlinear. Empirical mode decomposition method is proposed to denoise the reflection spectrum of FBG.
Finally, transmission wavelength of fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filters as a function of the scanning voltage is obtained though experiment. The filtering effectiveness of EMD is simulated, also through contrast experiment proved the measurement accuracy is improved. The experiments on temperature and strain are done respectively, of which the results show that the experimental data is consistent with theoretical data. Comparing the average delay time of this system with conventional system, the feasibility of the proposed system is well proved.
引文
1唐婷,史仪凯. Bragg光纤传感技术应用研究.光学·精密工程.2002,10(1):79-83
2 C.H.Wang,L.R.Chen,P.W.E.Smith.Analysis of chirped-sampled and sampled-chirped fiber Bragg gratings. Applied Optics, 2002,41(9): 1654～1660
3张嵩,王玉华. Bragg光栅解调系统设计.武汉理工大学学报. 2009,31(8): 160-108
4 L.a. Ferreira,J.L. smtos, F. Farahi. Pseudo heterodyne demodulation technique for fiber Bragg grating sensors using two marched gratings. IEEE Photo Techn Lett, 1997,9(4): 487～489
5桑新柱,余重秀,颜玢玢,等.基于光纤布拉格光栅的化学传感器.光学精密工程, 2006, 14(5): 771-774
6暴学志.光纤光栅传感技术应用研究.中国科技信息, 2010,17: 42-43
7 Hang-yin Ling, Kin-tak Lau, Li Cheng, et al. Viability of using an embedded FBG sensor in a composite structure for dynamic strain measurement . Measurement, 2006,39(4): 328-334
8 Yariv.A.Coupled-Mode Theory for Guided-Wave Optical,IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1973,9: 919-933
9 Lei Guo,Xingwei Wang,Wei Ji,et al.A new waveband switching method for reducing the number of ports in wavelength-division-multiplexing. Optical Fiber Technology, 2009,15(1): 5-9
10王玉宝,兰海军.基于光纤布拉格光栅波/时分复用传感网络研究.光学学报, 2010,30(8): 2196-2201
11 Yongbo dai,Yanju Liu,Jinsong Leng,et al. A novel time-division multiplexing fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogator for structural health monitoring. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2009,47(10): 1028-1033
12 A.D.Kersey, et al. Multiplexed fiber Bragg grating strain sensor system with a fiber Fabry-Perot wavelength filter. Opt lett, 1993, 18(16):1370-1372
13 B.Malo, S.Theriault, D.C.Johnson. Apodised in fiber Bragg gratingreflectors photo imprinted using a phase mask. Electron.Lett. 1995, 31(3): 223-225
14 RaoYJ.In-fiber Bragg Grating Sensors.Measurement Science and Technology,1997, 8:355-375
15 S.Bette ,C.Caucheteur ,M.Wuilpart et al.. Theoretical and experimental study of differential group delay and polarization dependent loss of study of Bragg gratings written in birefringent fiber.Opt. Commun, 2007,269: 3 31-337
16 Chun Yang, Yong Wang, and Chang-Qing Xu. A Novel Method to Measure Modal Power Distribution in Multimode Fibers Using Tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2005,17(10): 2146-2148
17周骏,苑宏伟,徐铁峰,等.基于级联相移线性啁啾光纤光栅的梳状滤波器设计.光子学报, 2010,39(6): 961-966
18冯奎,朱勇,苏洋,等.相移光栅磁场传感方案交叉敏感分析.光学学报, 2010,30(4): 1020-1025
19迎春,敖特,林琳.变迹光纤光栅中布拉格孤子相互作用特性的数值研究.激光与红外, 2009,39(2): 207-212.
20 D. Romanino, K.K. Lehmann. Ring-Down Cavity Absorption Spectroscopy of the very Weak HCN Overtone Bands with Six, Seven, and Eight Stretching Quanta. J. Chem. Phys, 1993, 99(9): 6287-6301
21李川,张以谟,赵永贵,等.光纤光栅:原理、技术与传感应用.北京:科学出版社, 2005: 153
22高宏.基于实时校准F-P滤波器的光纤光栅解调技术的研究. [西安石油大学硕士论文], 2006,8
23贾振安,乔学光,傅海威,等.光纤光栅温度增敏技术.西北大学学报(自然科学版).2003,33(4):413-420
24孙安,乔学光,贾振安,等.大范围光纤布拉格光栅温度传感器增敏实验研究.光学学报, 2004,24(11): 1494-1493
25恽斌峰,汪弋平,崔一平.一种新型的光纤光栅温度增敏技术.东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,35(03): 347-350
26尉婷,乔学光,贾振安,等.改善波形并增敏的光纤光栅温度传感技术.光子学报,2005,34(08): 1209-1212
27郭宏雷,刘丽辉,金龙,等.光纤布拉格光栅的压力增敏封装研究.压电与声光, 2005,27(4): 346-351
28 .冯德全,乔学光,王洪亮,等.大范围光纤Bragg光栅压力传感器增敏实验研究.光子学报, 2007,36(7): 1273-1275
29 A.Chaiyboun,R.Traute,T.Haas,et al.A logarithmic multi-parameter model using gas sensor main and cross sensitivities to estimate gas concentrations in a gas mixture for SiO2 gas sensors. Sensors and Actuators B, 2007,123(2): 1064-1070
30 H.Manap,R.Muda,S.O’Keeffe,et al. Ammonia Sensing and a Cross Sensitivity Evaluation with Atmosphere Gases using Optical Fiber Sensor. Procedia Chemistry, 2009,1(1): 959-962
31 Jincheng Pei,Xichun Yang,Yage Zhan,et al.On a fiber grating sensor system with the capacity of cross-sensitivity discrimination, Optik, 2008,119(12): 565-570
32 LiWei,Zhang Xiaopin,Zhang Min et al. Resolving the problem of cross sensitivity in fiber Bragg grating sensor based on the principle of polarized-light interference. Frontiers of Electrical Engineering in China, 2007,2(2): 234-239
33 Zhongxie Jin, Minho Song. Fiber Bragg sensor array interrogation with time-delayed sampling of a wavelength-scanned fiber laser. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2004, 16(8):1924-1926
34 Yi Jiang, Caijie Tang. A simultaneous interrogation system for intensity–type sensor/ fiber Bragg grating/ extrinsic Fabry-perot interferometer. Measurement science and technology, 2009, 20(2):1-6
35熊燕玲,赵洪,张剑,等.基于光纤光栅的光学电流互感器研究.光学学报, 2010,30(4): 949-953.
36 Kersey A D, Davis M A, Patrick H J et al. Fiber Grating Sensors.Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997,15(8): 1442-1463
37贾宝华,盛秋琴,冯丹琴,等.超结构光纤布拉格光栅的理论研究.中国激光, 2003, 30(12): 247-251
38赵晓云,顾铮.三包层级联长周期光栅的传输谱特性.中国激光, 2008, 35(10):1532-1537
39 Yamada M, Sakuda K. Analysis of Almost-Periodic Distributed Feedback Slab Wavelength Via a Fundamental Matrix Approach. Applied Optics, 1987,26: 3474-3478
40 Kersey A D, Davis M A, Patrick H J et al. Fiber Grating Sensors.Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997,15(8): 1442-1463
41 Alexander G.Simpson, Kaiming Zhou, Lin Zhang, et al.Optical sensor interrogation with a blazed fiber Bragg grating and a charge-coupled device linear array. APPLIED OPTICA,2004,43(1): 33-40
42苗银萍,刘波,赵启大.不同包层致敬的倾斜光纤光栅折射率传感特性.光学学报, 2008,28(11): 2072-2075
43 K.Zhou,A.G.Simpson,L.Zhang,et al.Side detection of strong radiation-mode out-coupling form blazed FBGS in single-mode and multimode fibers. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2003,15(7): 936-938
44刘波.光纤光栅传感网络技术研究与应用.南开大学博士后研究工作报告, 61-69
45 Guoyu Li, Tuan Zhang,Hongwei Gao, et al.Fiber grating sensing interrogation based on an InGaAs photidiode linear array. APPLIED OPTICS, 2007,46(3), 283-286
46乔学光,丁锋,贾振安.一种基于ASE光源的边缘滤波解调技术的研究.光电子·激光, 2009,20(9): 1170-1173
47马琼芳,黄永清,黄辉,等.一种基于多模干涉耦合器的集成光开关研制.光电子·开关, 2010,21(9): 1276-1279
48陈长勇,乔学光,王小凤,等.基于实时校准技术的光纤光栅传感解调系统.中国激光, 2005,32(6): 825-828
49 Hyong-Jun park,Minho Song.Linear FBG temperature sensor interrogation with Fabry-Perot Multi-wavelength reference.Sensors, 2008,8(12), 6769-6776
50李东升,霍志璞.基于信号自相关原理光纤光栅数字解调方法.光子学报, 2008,3(5): 914-917
51吴付岗,姜德生,何伟.基于相关分析的光纤光栅Bragg波长偏移量测量.计算机测量与控制, 2007,15(5): 593-595
52孙伟峰,彭玉华,许建华.基于EMD的激光超声信号去噪方法.山东大学学报(工学版), 2008,38(5): 121-126
53 Huang N E, Shen Zheng, Long S R, et al. The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond.A, 1998: 903-995
54 Norden. E. Huang, Stever R. Long. A New View of Nonlinear Water Waves:The Hilbert Spectrum. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1999,(31): 417-457
55李卿,张国平,刘洋.基于EMD的拉曼光谱去噪方法研究.光谱学与光谱分析, 2009,29(1): 142-145
56陈凯.基于经验模式分解的去噪方法.石油地球物理勘探, 2009,44(5): 603-171
2 C.H.Wang,L.R.Chen,P.W.E.Smith.Analysis of chirped-sampled and sampled-chirped fiber Bragg gratings. Applied Optics, 2002,41(9): 1654～1660
3张嵩,王玉华. Bragg光栅解调系统设计.武汉理工大学学报. 2009,31(8): 160-108
4 L.a. Ferreira,J.L. smtos, F. Farahi. Pseudo heterodyne demodulation technique for fiber Bragg grating sensors using two marched gratings. IEEE Photo Techn Lett, 1997,9(4): 487～489
5桑新柱,余重秀,颜玢玢,等.基于光纤布拉格光栅的化学传感器.光学精密工程, 2006, 14(5): 771-774
6暴学志.光纤光栅传感技术应用研究.中国科技信息, 2010,17: 42-43
7 Hang-yin Ling, Kin-tak Lau, Li Cheng, et al. Viability of using an embedded FBG sensor in a composite structure for dynamic strain measurement . Measurement, 2006,39(4): 328-334
8 Yariv.A.Coupled-Mode Theory for Guided-Wave Optical,IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1973,9: 919-933
9 Lei Guo,Xingwei Wang,Wei Ji,et al.A new waveband switching method for reducing the number of ports in wavelength-division-multiplexing. Optical Fiber Technology, 2009,15(1): 5-9
10王玉宝,兰海军.基于光纤布拉格光栅波/时分复用传感网络研究.光学学报, 2010,30(8): 2196-2201
11 Yongbo dai,Yanju Liu,Jinsong Leng,et al. A novel time-division multiplexing fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogator for structural health monitoring. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2009,47(10): 1028-1033
12 A.D.Kersey, et al. Multiplexed fiber Bragg grating strain sensor system with a fiber Fabry-Perot wavelength filter. Opt lett, 1993, 18(16):1370-1372
13 B.Malo, S.Theriault, D.C.Johnson. Apodised in fiber Bragg gratingreflectors photo imprinted using a phase mask. Electron.Lett. 1995, 31(3): 223-225
14 RaoYJ.In-fiber Bragg Grating Sensors.Measurement Science and Technology,1997, 8:355-375
15 S.Bette ,C.Caucheteur ,M.Wuilpart et al.. Theoretical and experimental study of differential group delay and polarization dependent loss of study of Bragg gratings written in birefringent fiber.Opt. Commun, 2007,269: 3 31-337
16 Chun Yang, Yong Wang, and Chang-Qing Xu. A Novel Method to Measure Modal Power Distribution in Multimode Fibers Using Tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2005,17(10): 2146-2148
17周骏,苑宏伟,徐铁峰,等.基于级联相移线性啁啾光纤光栅的梳状滤波器设计.光子学报, 2010,39(6): 961-966
18冯奎,朱勇,苏洋,等.相移光栅磁场传感方案交叉敏感分析.光学学报, 2010,30(4): 1020-1025
19迎春,敖特,林琳.变迹光纤光栅中布拉格孤子相互作用特性的数值研究.激光与红外, 2009,39(2): 207-212.
20 D. Romanino, K.K. Lehmann. Ring-Down Cavity Absorption Spectroscopy of the very Weak HCN Overtone Bands with Six, Seven, and Eight Stretching Quanta. J. Chem. Phys, 1993, 99(9): 6287-6301
21李川,张以谟,赵永贵,等.光纤光栅:原理、技术与传感应用.北京:科学出版社, 2005: 153
22高宏.基于实时校准F-P滤波器的光纤光栅解调技术的研究. [西安石油大学硕士论文], 2006,8
23贾振安,乔学光,傅海威,等.光纤光栅温度增敏技术.西北大学学报(自然科学版).2003,33(4):413-420
24孙安,乔学光,贾振安,等.大范围光纤布拉格光栅温度传感器增敏实验研究.光学学报, 2004,24(11): 1494-1493
25恽斌峰,汪弋平,崔一平.一种新型的光纤光栅温度增敏技术.东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,35(03): 347-350
26尉婷,乔学光,贾振安,等.改善波形并增敏的光纤光栅温度传感技术.光子学报,2005,34(08): 1209-1212
27郭宏雷,刘丽辉,金龙,等.光纤布拉格光栅的压力增敏封装研究.压电与声光, 2005,27(4): 346-351
28 .冯德全,乔学光,王洪亮,等.大范围光纤Bragg光栅压力传感器增敏实验研究.光子学报, 2007,36(7): 1273-1275
29 A.Chaiyboun,R.Traute,T.Haas,et al.A logarithmic multi-parameter model using gas sensor main and cross sensitivities to estimate gas concentrations in a gas mixture for SiO2 gas sensors. Sensors and Actuators B, 2007,123(2): 1064-1070
30 H.Manap,R.Muda,S.O’Keeffe,et al. Ammonia Sensing and a Cross Sensitivity Evaluation with Atmosphere Gases using Optical Fiber Sensor. Procedia Chemistry, 2009,1(1): 959-962
31 Jincheng Pei,Xichun Yang,Yage Zhan,et al.On a fiber grating sensor system with the capacity of cross-sensitivity discrimination, Optik, 2008,119(12): 565-570
32 LiWei,Zhang Xiaopin,Zhang Min et al. Resolving the problem of cross sensitivity in fiber Bragg grating sensor based on the principle of polarized-light interference. Frontiers of Electrical Engineering in China, 2007,2(2): 234-239
33 Zhongxie Jin, Minho Song. Fiber Bragg sensor array interrogation with time-delayed sampling of a wavelength-scanned fiber laser. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2004, 16(8):1924-1926
34 Yi Jiang, Caijie Tang. A simultaneous interrogation system for intensity–type sensor/ fiber Bragg grating/ extrinsic Fabry-perot interferometer. Measurement science and technology, 2009, 20(2):1-6
35熊燕玲,赵洪,张剑,等.基于光纤光栅的光学电流互感器研究.光学学报, 2010,30(4): 949-953.
36 Kersey A D, Davis M A, Patrick H J et al. Fiber Grating Sensors.Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997,15(8): 1442-1463
37贾宝华,盛秋琴,冯丹琴,等.超结构光纤布拉格光栅的理论研究.中国激光, 2003, 30(12): 247-251
38赵晓云,顾铮.三包层级联长周期光栅的传输谱特性.中国激光, 2008, 35(10):1532-1537
39 Yamada M, Sakuda K. Analysis of Almost-Periodic Distributed Feedback Slab Wavelength Via a Fundamental Matrix Approach. Applied Optics, 1987,26: 3474-3478
40 Kersey A D, Davis M A, Patrick H J et al. Fiber Grating Sensors.Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997,15(8): 1442-1463
41 Alexander G.Simpson, Kaiming Zhou, Lin Zhang, et al.Optical sensor interrogation with a blazed fiber Bragg grating and a charge-coupled device linear array. APPLIED OPTICA,2004,43(1): 33-40
42苗银萍,刘波,赵启大.不同包层致敬的倾斜光纤光栅折射率传感特性.光学学报, 2008,28(11): 2072-2075
43 K.Zhou,A.G.Simpson,L.Zhang,et al.Side detection of strong radiation-mode out-coupling form blazed FBGS in single-mode and multimode fibers. IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2003,15(7): 936-938
44刘波.光纤光栅传感网络技术研究与应用.南开大学博士后研究工作报告, 61-69
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