动态结构健康监测系统研究
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摘要
动态结构健康监测能够对分布式、非线性、强耦合、多变量和时变性的复杂结构进行有效监测和评估,尤其对冲击、振动引起的损伤进行监测,使损伤积累尚未达到威胁结构安全之前就能够被检测出来,从而对损伤结构给予及时修复,保证结构安全运行。动态结构健康监测为结构损伤提供了一种预警机制,延长了结构的生命周期。本文主要对动态结构健康监测系统进行了研究,主要研究内容包括以下三个部分:
(1)设计了可变体机翼的动态结构健康监测系统。利用光纤Bragg光栅实现动态信号进行监测,提出了一种基于光纤环镜边缘滤波的光纤Bragg光栅的高速解调系统。解调系统具有结构简单、频率高和动态范围宽等优点,实现了结构的振动信号的监测。
(2)研制了一种实用型光纤Bragg光栅加速度传感器,可以将之应用在大型结构(如桥梁、建筑物等)的高频动态结构健康监测中。对光纤光栅加速度传感器结构进行了改进,解决了高频光纤光栅加速度传感器中光纤光栅的粘贴问题。通过力学分析软件对结构建模优化、分析,改进后的结构对加速度传感的频响影响较小。实验验证该结构具有较好的加速度传感特性和较高的加速度频响特性。
(3)设计了结构损伤判位系统。系统基于解调仪SI425实现碳纤维板的损伤位置的判断与显示。采用TCPIP作为信号通信的协议,matlab神经网络库进行数据的处理,运用COM技术实现matlab与VC++的互通信。
To effective monitor and assess the health of the distributed, nonlinear , strongly coupled, multivariable and time variability complex structure, the Dynamic structural health monitoring(DSHM) is researched, especially in the damage monitor caused by compact and vibration. Through DSHM, the damage structure can be detected and timely repaired before the accumulation damage has not yet reached the threat of structural safety . The DSHM can guarantee the safety of the structure, provide an early warning mechanism of the structure and extend the life cycle of the structure. This paper focuses on the DSHM system and the main three achievements are described as follows:
(1) The DSHM of the Morphing Wings is researched. The dynamic signal is monitored by Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). To demodulate the FBG, the high speed demodulation system based on fiber loop is put forward. Demodulation system has the property such as simple structure, high frequency and wide dynamic range and achieves the impact and vibration signal monitoring.
(2)The practical FBG acceleration sensor is researched and applied in high frequency response of DSHM. To solve the FBG paste problem, the structure of sensor is improved. Optimized and analyzed by the mechanical analysis software the improved structure has less affected on the frequency response of the acceleration sensor. Through experimental verification the structure has better acceleration feature and higher frequency response feature.
(3)The structural damage sub-bit system is researched. Based on the demodulation instrument, the damage position of Carbon fiber reinforced plastics is judged and displayed. In the system, the TCPIP is the communication protocol , the matlab neural network library is data processing program and the COM technology achieve the Communication between matlab and VC++.
(1)设计了可变体机翼的动态结构健康监测系统。利用光纤Bragg光栅实现动态信号进行监测,提出了一种基于光纤环镜边缘滤波的光纤Bragg光栅的高速解调系统。解调系统具有结构简单、频率高和动态范围宽等优点,实现了结构的振动信号的监测。
(2)研制了一种实用型光纤Bragg光栅加速度传感器,可以将之应用在大型结构(如桥梁、建筑物等)的高频动态结构健康监测中。对光纤光栅加速度传感器结构进行了改进,解决了高频光纤光栅加速度传感器中光纤光栅的粘贴问题。通过力学分析软件对结构建模优化、分析,改进后的结构对加速度传感的频响影响较小。实验验证该结构具有较好的加速度传感特性和较高的加速度频响特性。
(3)设计了结构损伤判位系统。系统基于解调仪SI425实现碳纤维板的损伤位置的判断与显示。采用TCPIP作为信号通信的协议,matlab神经网络库进行数据的处理,运用COM技术实现matlab与VC++的互通信。
To effective monitor and assess the health of the distributed, nonlinear , strongly coupled, multivariable and time variability complex structure, the Dynamic structural health monitoring(DSHM) is researched, especially in the damage monitor caused by compact and vibration. Through DSHM, the damage structure can be detected and timely repaired before the accumulation damage has not yet reached the threat of structural safety . The DSHM can guarantee the safety of the structure, provide an early warning mechanism of the structure and extend the life cycle of the structure. This paper focuses on the DSHM system and the main three achievements are described as follows:
(1) The DSHM of the Morphing Wings is researched. The dynamic signal is monitored by Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). To demodulate the FBG, the high speed demodulation system based on fiber loop is put forward. Demodulation system has the property such as simple structure, high frequency and wide dynamic range and achieves the impact and vibration signal monitoring.
(2)The practical FBG acceleration sensor is researched and applied in high frequency response of DSHM. To solve the FBG paste problem, the structure of sensor is improved. Optimized and analyzed by the mechanical analysis software the improved structure has less affected on the frequency response of the acceleration sensor. Through experimental verification the structure has better acceleration feature and higher frequency response feature.
(3)The structural damage sub-bit system is researched. Based on the demodulation instrument, the damage position of Carbon fiber reinforced plastics is judged and displayed. In the system, the TCPIP is the communication protocol , the matlab neural network library is data processing program and the COM technology achieve the Communication between matlab and VC++.
引文
[1]S.F.Masri etc. Experimental study of embedded fiber-optic strain gauges in concrete structures. Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1994,20(8):1696-1717
[2]Peter L.Fuhr etc.Multiplexed fiber optical pressure and vibration sensors for hydroelectric dam monitoring.Smart Materials and Structures.1993, 2(4):260-3
[3]A.A.Mufti. Structral Health Monitoring of Innovative Canadian Civil Engineering Structures.3rd International Workshop on structural Health Monitoring.Stanford,California,September 12-14,2001
[4]姜德生,梁磊,周雪芳等.光纤光栅机敏混泥土的研究.硅酸盐通报,2003,22(3):78-81
[5]K.O.Hill,Y.Fujii,D.C.Johnson,etc.,Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguide: application to reflection filter fabrication, Appl.Phys.Lett,1978,32(10):823-825
[6]G.Meltz,M.M.Morey,W.H.Glenn. Formation of Bragg grating in optical fibers by a transverse holographic method.Opt.Lett,1989,14(5):823-825
[7]W.W.Morey,etc. Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Sensors.Proc.SpIE-Int.Opt.Eng.1991,V1586:216-224
[8]皮广禄.国外传感器技术的现状及发展.传感器世界,1999,(1)
[9]姜德生.我国光纤传感器与产业化.世界仪表与自动化,2001,2
[10]Lagakes N.etc.Multimode Optical Fiber Displacement Sensor.Application,1981:167-168
[11]陶宝祺.智能材料与结构.国防工业出版社.1997
[12]虞启琏,李刚.医用硬性内窥镜.世界医疗器械,1997,3(11):66-68
[13]廖延彪,黎敏等.光纤传感技术及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2009
[14] Wood K, Brown T, Rogowski R et al.Fiber Optic Sensors for Health Monitoring of Morphing Airframes:Ⅰ. Bragg Grating Strain and Temperature Sensor. Smart Materials and Structures, 2000, 9(2): 163~169.
[15] Giurgiutiu V, Redmond J, Roach D et al. Active Sensors for Health Monitoring of Aging Aerospace Structures.Proceedings of SPIE, 2000, 3(985):294~305.
[16]李尚俊.光纤智能结构/蒙皮在航空上的应用.中国民航飞行学院学报, 2000(2):29~30.
[17]刘兴长,涂亚庆.军用航空器的光纤智能结构分析.压电与声光,2002,24(2):97~100.
[18]Tzou H S, Lee H J, Arnold S M.Smart materials precision sensors/actuators and structronic systems. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2004, 11(4):367~393.
[19] Takeda S, Aoki Y, Ishikawa T et al. Structural health monitoring of composite wing structureduring durability test. Composite Structures, 2007, 79(1): 133~139.
[20]廖先炳.光纤技术在军事领域的应用.军事通信技术,1988,(4):27-30
[21]杜高社.光纤传感器在兵器系统中的应用.应用光学.1991,12(2):7
[22]P.L.Fuhr,D.R.Huston,etc. Performance and Health Monitoring of the Stafford Medical Building Using Embedded Sensors.Private Communication,1991
[23]黄方林,王学敏.大型桥梁健康监测研究进展.中国铁道科学,2005, 26(2): 1~7.
[24]胡兴柳,梁大开等.基于单长周期光纤光栅光谱特性的温度和应变同时区分测量.光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(3):851-854
[25]赵志远,曾捷等.一种光纤SPR传感器光谱降噪的新方法.光谱学与光谱分析.2009,29(11):3096-3100
[26]卢吉云,梁大开等.双长周期光栅调制的光纤光栅光谱分析及其在智能结构监测中的应用.光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(12):3429-3433
[27]王彦,梁大等.基于长周期光纤光栅微弯特性的智能结构振动监测.仪器仪表学报,2008,29(6):1155-1158
[28] Jiang, Weiwei, Zhao, Ruifeng,etc. Research on transmission spectrum characteristics of the photonic crystal Bragg fiber grating. Guangxue Xuebao/Acta Optica Sinica.2010,30(4):1178-1183
[29] Zou, Liujuan, Zhou, Zhimin,etc. Analysis and research of chirped Bragg fiber grating theory on dispersion compensation. High Technology Letters,2002,8(4):47-50
[30] Wei Zhanxiong, Qin Li,etc. Fabrication of chirped fiber gratings using fiber Bragg gratings. Acta Optica Sinica,1999,19(11):1563-1566
[31] Melle, S.M. Liu, K,etc. Wavelength demodulation system for a fiber optic Bragg grating strain gauge. Fiber Optic Sensor-Based Smart Materials and Structures,1992:39-44
[32]Measures, R.M.; Mellc, S.; Liu, K. Wavelength demodulated Bragg grating fiber optic sensing systems for addressing smart structure critical issues. Smart Materials and Structures,1992,1(1):36
[33]Davis, M.A. Demodulator for fiber optic Bragg grating sensors based on fibre wavelength division couplers.Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering,1994,v1291:86-93
[34]Kersey, A.D. Berkoff, T.A.; Morey, W.W. Multiplexed fiber Bragg grating strain-sensor system with a fiber Fabry-Perot wavelength filter. Optics Letters,1993,18(16):1370-1372
[35]Wang Dongdong, Zhou Jinfeng. Fiber Temperature Measurement System by the Demodulation ofF-P Filter. Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering,2010,v7656:765640-5
[36]Lian Shan Yan; Anlin Yi; Wei Pan; Bin Luo. A Simple Demodulation Method for FBG Temperature Sensors Using a Narrow Band Wavelength Tunable DFB Laser. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2010,22(18):1391-3
[37]Hong, Li; Weiping, Yan;etc. Fiber Bragg grating demodulation system based on equi-intensity cantilever beam. Key Engineering Materials,2010,v437:359-363
[38]朱丹丹,王海芳等.啁啾光栅结合边缘线性滤波解调的FBG应变测量系统.应用光学.2005,26(4):50-52
[39]付建伟,肖立志等.提高光纤Bragg光栅波长测量精度的方法.光电工程.2006,33(2):124-126
[40]范典,姜德生.高速双边缘光纤光栅波长解调技术.光子学报.2006,35(1):119-121
[41]恽斌峰,布拉格光纤光栅传感器理论与实验研究,[东南大学物理电子系博士学位论文],南京,东南大学,2006,5.
[42]吕昌贵,光纤布拉格光栅传输特性理论分析及其实验研究,[东南大学物理电子系博士学位论文],南京,东南大学,2005,6
[43]芦吉云.光纤光栅在智能结构动态监测中的应用.[南京航空航天大学博士论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2009,5
[44]姚远,易本顺,肖进胜.光纤光栅解调技术研究进展.光器件,2007,11:41-44
[45]王其富,乔学光等.光纤光栅传感器信号解调方法综述.光通信研究.2006,3:67-68
[46]胡勇勤,王俊杰等.基于边缘滤波器光纤光栅解调技术的研究.传感器技术.2005,24(3):21-3
[47]李景义,饶云江等.基于长周期光纤光栅的低成本应变传感系统.光子学报.2005,34(3):431-433
[48] Zhang, Jin-Long, Wang, Kui-Ru;etc. Application of fiber loop mirror to demodulation system of fiber grating sensor. Optics and Precision Engineering.2009,17(5):943-950
[49] Xu, Ou ; Lu, Shaohua,etc. Novel fiber-laser-based fiber Bragg grating strain sensor with high-birefringence Sagnac fiber loop mirror. Chinese Optics Letters,6(11):818-820
[50] Zhou, Guang, Zhao, Qi-Da. Novel edge filter demodulation method using high birefringence fiber Sagnac loop mirror. Journal of Optoelectronics Laser.14(12):1245-9
[51]刘波,牛文成等.新型光纤光栅加速度传感器的设计与实现.仪器仪表学报.2006,27(1):42-3.
[52]刘惠兰,冯丽爽等.差动式光纤Bragg光栅加速度计传感头设计与仿真.北京航空航天大学学报.2006,32(11):1370-2
[53]Lin M K,etal. A micro machined resistive accelerometer with high sensitivity: design and modeling. Microelectronic Engineering,1999,49:263-273
[54]张东生,姚开方等.一种新型的光纤光栅高频加速度传感器.仪器仪表学报.2009,30(7):1401-2
[2]Peter L.Fuhr etc.Multiplexed fiber optical pressure and vibration sensors for hydroelectric dam monitoring.Smart Materials and Structures.1993, 2(4):260-3
[3]A.A.Mufti. Structral Health Monitoring of Innovative Canadian Civil Engineering Structures.3rd International Workshop on structural Health Monitoring.Stanford,California,September 12-14,2001
[4]姜德生,梁磊,周雪芳等.光纤光栅机敏混泥土的研究.硅酸盐通报,2003,22(3):78-81
[5]K.O.Hill,Y.Fujii,D.C.Johnson,etc.,Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguide: application to reflection filter fabrication, Appl.Phys.Lett,1978,32(10):823-825
[6]G.Meltz,M.M.Morey,W.H.Glenn. Formation of Bragg grating in optical fibers by a transverse holographic method.Opt.Lett,1989,14(5):823-825
[7]W.W.Morey,etc. Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Sensors.Proc.SpIE-Int.Opt.Eng.1991,V1586:216-224
[8]皮广禄.国外传感器技术的现状及发展.传感器世界,1999,(1)
[9]姜德生.我国光纤传感器与产业化.世界仪表与自动化,2001,2
[10]Lagakes N.etc.Multimode Optical Fiber Displacement Sensor.Application,1981:167-168
[11]陶宝祺.智能材料与结构.国防工业出版社.1997
[12]虞启琏,李刚.医用硬性内窥镜.世界医疗器械,1997,3(11):66-68
[13]廖延彪,黎敏等.光纤传感技术及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2009
[14] Wood K, Brown T, Rogowski R et al.Fiber Optic Sensors for Health Monitoring of Morphing Airframes:Ⅰ. Bragg Grating Strain and Temperature Sensor. Smart Materials and Structures, 2000, 9(2): 163~169.
[15] Giurgiutiu V, Redmond J, Roach D et al. Active Sensors for Health Monitoring of Aging Aerospace Structures.Proceedings of SPIE, 2000, 3(985):294~305.
[16]李尚俊.光纤智能结构/蒙皮在航空上的应用.中国民航飞行学院学报, 2000(2):29~30.
[17]刘兴长,涂亚庆.军用航空器的光纤智能结构分析.压电与声光,2002,24(2):97~100.
[18]Tzou H S, Lee H J, Arnold S M.Smart materials precision sensors/actuators and structronic systems. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2004, 11(4):367~393.
[19] Takeda S, Aoki Y, Ishikawa T et al. Structural health monitoring of composite wing structureduring durability test. Composite Structures, 2007, 79(1): 133~139.
[20]廖先炳.光纤技术在军事领域的应用.军事通信技术,1988,(4):27-30
[21]杜高社.光纤传感器在兵器系统中的应用.应用光学.1991,12(2):7
[22]P.L.Fuhr,D.R.Huston,etc. Performance and Health Monitoring of the Stafford Medical Building Using Embedded Sensors.Private Communication,1991
[23]黄方林,王学敏.大型桥梁健康监测研究进展.中国铁道科学,2005, 26(2): 1~7.
[24]胡兴柳,梁大开等.基于单长周期光纤光栅光谱特性的温度和应变同时区分测量.光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(3):851-854
[25]赵志远,曾捷等.一种光纤SPR传感器光谱降噪的新方法.光谱学与光谱分析.2009,29(11):3096-3100
[26]卢吉云,梁大开等.双长周期光栅调制的光纤光栅光谱分析及其在智能结构监测中的应用.光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(12):3429-3433
[27]王彦,梁大等.基于长周期光纤光栅微弯特性的智能结构振动监测.仪器仪表学报,2008,29(6):1155-1158
[28] Jiang, Weiwei, Zhao, Ruifeng,etc. Research on transmission spectrum characteristics of the photonic crystal Bragg fiber grating. Guangxue Xuebao/Acta Optica Sinica.2010,30(4):1178-1183
[29] Zou, Liujuan, Zhou, Zhimin,etc. Analysis and research of chirped Bragg fiber grating theory on dispersion compensation. High Technology Letters,2002,8(4):47-50
[30] Wei Zhanxiong, Qin Li,etc. Fabrication of chirped fiber gratings using fiber Bragg gratings. Acta Optica Sinica,1999,19(11):1563-1566
[31] Melle, S.M. Liu, K,etc. Wavelength demodulation system for a fiber optic Bragg grating strain gauge. Fiber Optic Sensor-Based Smart Materials and Structures,1992:39-44
[32]Measures, R.M.; Mellc, S.; Liu, K. Wavelength demodulated Bragg grating fiber optic sensing systems for addressing smart structure critical issues. Smart Materials and Structures,1992,1(1):36
[33]Davis, M.A. Demodulator for fiber optic Bragg grating sensors based on fibre wavelength division couplers.Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering,1994,v1291:86-93
[34]Kersey, A.D. Berkoff, T.A.; Morey, W.W. Multiplexed fiber Bragg grating strain-sensor system with a fiber Fabry-Perot wavelength filter. Optics Letters,1993,18(16):1370-1372
[35]Wang Dongdong, Zhou Jinfeng. Fiber Temperature Measurement System by the Demodulation ofF-P Filter. Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering,2010,v7656:765640-5
[36]Lian Shan Yan; Anlin Yi; Wei Pan; Bin Luo. A Simple Demodulation Method for FBG Temperature Sensors Using a Narrow Band Wavelength Tunable DFB Laser. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2010,22(18):1391-3
[37]Hong, Li; Weiping, Yan;etc. Fiber Bragg grating demodulation system based on equi-intensity cantilever beam. Key Engineering Materials,2010,v437:359-363
[38]朱丹丹,王海芳等.啁啾光栅结合边缘线性滤波解调的FBG应变测量系统.应用光学.2005,26(4):50-52
[39]付建伟,肖立志等.提高光纤Bragg光栅波长测量精度的方法.光电工程.2006,33(2):124-126
[40]范典,姜德生.高速双边缘光纤光栅波长解调技术.光子学报.2006,35(1):119-121
[41]恽斌峰,布拉格光纤光栅传感器理论与实验研究,[东南大学物理电子系博士学位论文],南京,东南大学,2006,5.
[42]吕昌贵,光纤布拉格光栅传输特性理论分析及其实验研究,[东南大学物理电子系博士学位论文],南京,东南大学,2005,6
[43]芦吉云.光纤光栅在智能结构动态监测中的应用.[南京航空航天大学博士论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2009,5
[44]姚远,易本顺,肖进胜.光纤光栅解调技术研究进展.光器件,2007,11:41-44
[45]王其富,乔学光等.光纤光栅传感器信号解调方法综述.光通信研究.2006,3:67-68
[46]胡勇勤,王俊杰等.基于边缘滤波器光纤光栅解调技术的研究.传感器技术.2005,24(3):21-3
[47]李景义,饶云江等.基于长周期光纤光栅的低成本应变传感系统.光子学报.2005,34(3):431-433
[48] Zhang, Jin-Long, Wang, Kui-Ru;etc. Application of fiber loop mirror to demodulation system of fiber grating sensor. Optics and Precision Engineering.2009,17(5):943-950
[49] Xu, Ou ; Lu, Shaohua,etc. Novel fiber-laser-based fiber Bragg grating strain sensor with high-birefringence Sagnac fiber loop mirror. Chinese Optics Letters,6(11):818-820
[50] Zhou, Guang, Zhao, Qi-Da. Novel edge filter demodulation method using high birefringence fiber Sagnac loop mirror. Journal of Optoelectronics Laser.14(12):1245-9
[51]刘波,牛文成等.新型光纤光栅加速度传感器的设计与实现.仪器仪表学报.2006,27(1):42-3.
[52]刘惠兰,冯丽爽等.差动式光纤Bragg光栅加速度计传感头设计与仿真.北京航空航天大学学报.2006,32(11):1370-2
[53]Lin M K,etal. A micro machined resistive accelerometer with high sensitivity: design and modeling. Microelectronic Engineering,1999,49:263-273
[54]张东生,姚开方等.一种新型的光纤光栅高频加速度传感器.仪器仪表学报.2009,30(7):1401-2