高校信息系统采纳行为实证研究
|
摘要
随着信息技术的发展及信息化的普及,越来越多的高校实施并开始使用信息系统。然而,在高校信息化建设的过程中,过于重视信息系统及其基础设施,而对活动的主体—用户重视不够,考虑系统的运行效率多于用户的使用效率。高校教师和学生对信息系统的采纳情况并不理想,高校投入了大量的资金开发并实施信息系统却并没有取得预期的效果,造成了资源的浪费。
建设高校信息系统的最终目的是辅助教师更好地进行日常办公,辅助学生更好地进行课程学习。如果系统设计过于复杂或不合理,教师和学生不愿意使用系统,则系统的价值就得不到体现。系统的设计应该以教师和学生的需求为导向,充分考虑教师和学生的想法,让教师和学生真正愿意采纳信息系统并在日常工作和学习中使用信息系统,从而达到提高教育质量和效率的目的,让高校信息系统发挥其应用的价值。因此,识别出影响高校群体采纳信息系统的关键因素,对提高高校内部信息系统使用率具有的重要意义。
本文在对比分析技术采纳模型TAM和计划行为理论TPB模型之后,选取整合后的C-TAM-TPB模型作为论文的理论基础,并结合高校的环境特点对C-TAM-TPB模型进行了修正,根据现有的研究结果及理论基础提出论文的研究模型和相应的假设。通过对各大高校的学生和老师进行网上问卷调研,共收集到252份有效问卷,并通过结构方程模型对数据进行了实证检验。
实证研究结果表明,模型对数据具有较好的拟和程度,能够解释50.8%的系统采纳意图。其中感知的有用性、计算机自我效能感对系统采纳意图有显著的影响;工作的相关性和感知的易用性对感知的有用性有显著的影响,进而间接地影响系统的采纳意图;同事或同学的系统使用行为对个体感知的工作相关性和采纳意图有显著影响,领导的建议对采纳意图无显著影响。论文在最后对高校信息系统采纳的实证研究结果进行了详细的分析,以期能够为高校内部开发并实施信息系统提供指导。
With the development of information technology and its generalization, more and more universities have implemented or begin to implement information system. However, most of them pay more attention to the software and its technological infrastructure but ignore the role that users have played in the development process. They consider more characteristics and efficiency of the software than the users’and have forgotten the user-oriented principle. So that teachers and students’acceptance of information system is not satisfactory. Although the universities have devoted a great amount of money into the development and implementation of information system, they have not achieved expectated effects, which result in a waste of monetary and human resources. In order to improve system acceptance rate in universities, it is necessary to recognize the key factors that influence teachers and students’acceptance of information system.
The finial purpose for universities to implement information system is to aid teachers and students to deal with daily work-related tasks and find study-related resources more efficiently and conveniently. If the system is designed more complicated and can not satisfy daily requirements, teachers and students would not like to use information system and the value of the system can not be realized. System design should be user-oriented and consider teachers and students’thoughts accurately. So that teachers and students are pleased to use the system and can use the system accurately.
This paper reviews and compares TAM as well as TPB Model and selects integrated C-TAM-TPB model as the basic theoretical framework. Then the paper analyzes the characteristics of university environment and proposed the research model and corresponding hypotheses based on revised C-TAM-TPB model. 252 questionaries are collected from teachers and students of several universities though online survey and structural equation is used to examine the research model.
Overall, the research model shows a reasonable good fit with the data and can explain 50.8% of individual acceptance intention. Based on the responses collected from online survey, the empirical research suggests that perceived usefulness, computer self-efficacy have significant influence on system acceptance intention. Job relevance and perceived ease of use have direct significant influence on perceived usefulness and indirect influence on system acceptance intention. Peer influence has siginificant influence on job-relevance and system use intention while superior influence has insiginificant influence on system acceptance intention. Finally the paper gives conclusions and future research directions based on empirical research results.
建设高校信息系统的最终目的是辅助教师更好地进行日常办公,辅助学生更好地进行课程学习。如果系统设计过于复杂或不合理,教师和学生不愿意使用系统,则系统的价值就得不到体现。系统的设计应该以教师和学生的需求为导向,充分考虑教师和学生的想法,让教师和学生真正愿意采纳信息系统并在日常工作和学习中使用信息系统,从而达到提高教育质量和效率的目的,让高校信息系统发挥其应用的价值。因此,识别出影响高校群体采纳信息系统的关键因素,对提高高校内部信息系统使用率具有的重要意义。
本文在对比分析技术采纳模型TAM和计划行为理论TPB模型之后,选取整合后的C-TAM-TPB模型作为论文的理论基础,并结合高校的环境特点对C-TAM-TPB模型进行了修正,根据现有的研究结果及理论基础提出论文的研究模型和相应的假设。通过对各大高校的学生和老师进行网上问卷调研,共收集到252份有效问卷,并通过结构方程模型对数据进行了实证检验。
实证研究结果表明,模型对数据具有较好的拟和程度,能够解释50.8%的系统采纳意图。其中感知的有用性、计算机自我效能感对系统采纳意图有显著的影响;工作的相关性和感知的易用性对感知的有用性有显著的影响,进而间接地影响系统的采纳意图;同事或同学的系统使用行为对个体感知的工作相关性和采纳意图有显著影响,领导的建议对采纳意图无显著影响。论文在最后对高校信息系统采纳的实证研究结果进行了详细的分析,以期能够为高校内部开发并实施信息系统提供指导。
With the development of information technology and its generalization, more and more universities have implemented or begin to implement information system. However, most of them pay more attention to the software and its technological infrastructure but ignore the role that users have played in the development process. They consider more characteristics and efficiency of the software than the users’and have forgotten the user-oriented principle. So that teachers and students’acceptance of information system is not satisfactory. Although the universities have devoted a great amount of money into the development and implementation of information system, they have not achieved expectated effects, which result in a waste of monetary and human resources. In order to improve system acceptance rate in universities, it is necessary to recognize the key factors that influence teachers and students’acceptance of information system.
The finial purpose for universities to implement information system is to aid teachers and students to deal with daily work-related tasks and find study-related resources more efficiently and conveniently. If the system is designed more complicated and can not satisfy daily requirements, teachers and students would not like to use information system and the value of the system can not be realized. System design should be user-oriented and consider teachers and students’thoughts accurately. So that teachers and students are pleased to use the system and can use the system accurately.
This paper reviews and compares TAM as well as TPB Model and selects integrated C-TAM-TPB model as the basic theoretical framework. Then the paper analyzes the characteristics of university environment and proposed the research model and corresponding hypotheses based on revised C-TAM-TPB model. 252 questionaries are collected from teachers and students of several universities though online survey and structural equation is used to examine the research model.
Overall, the research model shows a reasonable good fit with the data and can explain 50.8% of individual acceptance intention. Based on the responses collected from online survey, the empirical research suggests that perceived usefulness, computer self-efficacy have significant influence on system acceptance intention. Job relevance and perceived ease of use have direct significant influence on perceived usefulness and indirect influence on system acceptance intention. Peer influence has siginificant influence on job-relevance and system use intention while superior influence has insiginificant influence on system acceptance intention. Finally the paper gives conclusions and future research directions based on empirical research results.
引文
1 Kenneth, Green. Campus Computing: the 14th National Survey of Computing and Information Technology in American Higher Education.Encino, CA. 2003: 126~142.
2赵国栋,黄永中.关于中国高等教育信息化发展状况的调查与分析.数字校园. 2005: 43~48.
3张威虎,陈明选.高校信息系统建设与信息化趋势.电化教育研究. 2000,(10):38~40.
4蒋东兴,许庆红.信息集成阶段新一代数字校园建设探讨.中国高等教育学会教育信息化分会第八次学术年会会议. 2006:123~141.
5 P.Keen. Shaping the Future: Business Design Through Information Technology. Harvard Business School Press. Boston, MA. 1991:61~69.
6 Chircu, A. M., Kauffman, R. Limits to value in electronic commerce-related IT investments. Journal of Management Information Systems.2000: 59~80.
7 Sarv Devaraj, Rajiv Kohli. Performance Impacts of Information Technology: Is Actual Usage the Missing Link. Management Science. 2003, 49(3): 273~289.
8 Paul Jen-Hwa Hu, Theodore H.K.Clark, Will W.Ma. Examining technology acceptance by school teachers: a longitudinal study. Information&Management. 2003, (5): 227~241.
9 Licen Indahwati Darsono. Examining information technology acceptance by individual professionals. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business. 2005, l7(2):155~178.
10黄梯云,李一军.管理信息系统导论.机械工业出版社. 2002: 21~52.
11刘丽华,姜莹.试论高校管理信息系统的建设. 1995, (31): 88~90.
12刘文雯,高平,徐博艺.企业信息技术采纳行为研究综述.研究与发展管理. 2005, 17(3):52~58.
13 P.Legris, J.Ingham, P.Collerette. Why Do People Use Information Technology? A Critical Review of the Technology Acceptance Model. Information&Management. 2003, (40): l91~204.
14 Rogers, E.M.. Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, New York, 1983:147~198.
15 V.Venkatesh, F D.Davis. A theoretical extension of the technology acceptancemodel: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 2000, 46(2):186~204.
16 D.L.Goodhue, R.L.Thompson. Task-technology fit and individual performance. MIS Quarterly. 1995, 19(2): 213~236.
17 F.D.Davis. User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions and behavioral impacts. International Journal of Man Machine Studies.1993: 306~315.
18 V.Venkatesh, F.D.Davis. A model of the antecedents of perceived ease of use: development and test. Decision Sciences. 1996, 27(3):451~481.
19 R.Agarwal, J.Prasad. Are individual differences germane to the acceptance of new information technologies. Decision Sciences. 1999, 30(2):361~391.
20 M.Igbaria, N.Zinatelli, P.Cragg, A.Cavaye. Personal computing acceptance factors in small firms: a structural equation model. MIS Quarterly. 1997: 279~302.
21 M.Igbaria, T.Guimaraes, G.B.Davis. Testing the determinants of microcomputer usage via a structural equation model. Journal of Management Information Systems. 1995, 11(4):87~114.
22 V.Venkatesh, M.G..Morris, F.D.Davis. User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly. 2003, 27(3): 425~478.
23王玮.信息系统采用模型的比较研究.现代图书情报技术. 2005,(12): 17~21.
24胡安安,姜江,黄丽华.基于信息技术用户接受理论的ERP系统实施模型研究.科学政策与管理.2007, 31(5): 20~27.
25李霆,张朋柱,王刊良.影响用户接受信息技术的关键因素分析.预测. 2005, 24(4):38~43.
26徐博艺,高平,姜丽红. ERP实施环境中的技术采纳模型及实证研究.工业工程与管理. 2006, (4): 64~69.
27 Hassan. An empirical investigation of student acceptance of course websites. Computers&Education. 2003, (40): 343~360.
28 Antonio. Factors affecting e-collaboration technology use among management students. Computers&Education. 2007:256~264.
29 M.Fishhein, I.Ajzen. Belief, attitude, intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 1975:158~174.
30 I.Ajzen. The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and HumanDecision Processes. 1991, 50(2):179~211.
31 S.Taylor, P.A.Todd. Understanding Information Technology Usage: A Test of Competing Models. Information Systems Research.1995, 6(4):144~176.
32 K.Mathieson. Predicting user intentions: comparing the technology acceptance model with the theory of planned behavior. Information Systems Research. 1991:173~191.
33 J.Hartwick, H.Barki. Explaining the Role of User Participation in Information System Use. Management Science.1994: 40~465.
34 F.D. Davis. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly. 1989, 13(3): 319~340.
35 F.D.Davis, R.P.Bagozzi, P.R.Warshaw. User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 1989, 25(8): 982~1003.
36 G..C.Moore, I.Benbasat. Development of an instrument to measure the perceptions of adopting an information technology innovation. Information Systems Research. 1991, 2(3):398~427.
37 M.L.KATZ, C.SHAPIRO. Network Externalities, Competition and Compatibility. The American Economic Review. 1985, 75(3):424~440.
38邓朝华,鲁耀斌,张金隆.基于TAM和网络外部性的移动服务使用行为研究.管理学报. 2007, (3): 216~221.
39 R.J.KAUFFMAN, J.MCANDREWS, Y.M.WANG.. Opening the Black Box of Network Externalities in Network Adoption. Information Systems Research. 2000, 11(1):61-82.
40 C.C.WANG, Y.HSU, W.FANG. Acceptance of Technology with Network Externalities: An Empirical Study of Internet Instant Messaging Services. Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 2004, 6(4):15-28.
41候杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用.北京教育科学出版社. 2004:158-189.
42 J.Hair, R.Anderson, R.Tatham, W.C.Black. Multivariate Data Analysis. The 5th edition. Upper Saddle River, Prentice-Hall, 1998: 182-232.
43张文彤. SPSSII统计分析教程(高级篇).北京希望电子出版社. 2002: 190~232.
44 G.A.Jr.Churchill. A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs. Journal of Marketing Research. 1979, 16(1):64-73.
45曾五一,黄炳艺.调查问卷的可信度和有效度分析.统计与信息论坛. 2005, 20(6):11~15.
46 R.H.Hoyle. Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. 1995:125~146.
47孟庆茂,候杰泰.协方差结构模型与多层线性模型原理及应用.北京师范大学心理计量与统计分析研究室. 2001:90~105.
48伍建华.顾客价值评价实证研究.西北工业大学硕士论文研究. 2007: 26~29.
49 V.Venkatesh, M.G..Morris. Why don't Men Ever Stop to ask for Directions? Gender, Social Influence, and Their Role in Technology Acceptance and Usage Behavior. MIS Quarterly. 2000, 24(1):115-139.
2赵国栋,黄永中.关于中国高等教育信息化发展状况的调查与分析.数字校园. 2005: 43~48.
3张威虎,陈明选.高校信息系统建设与信息化趋势.电化教育研究. 2000,(10):38~40.
4蒋东兴,许庆红.信息集成阶段新一代数字校园建设探讨.中国高等教育学会教育信息化分会第八次学术年会会议. 2006:123~141.
5 P.Keen. Shaping the Future: Business Design Through Information Technology. Harvard Business School Press. Boston, MA. 1991:61~69.
6 Chircu, A. M., Kauffman, R. Limits to value in electronic commerce-related IT investments. Journal of Management Information Systems.2000: 59~80.
7 Sarv Devaraj, Rajiv Kohli. Performance Impacts of Information Technology: Is Actual Usage the Missing Link. Management Science. 2003, 49(3): 273~289.
8 Paul Jen-Hwa Hu, Theodore H.K.Clark, Will W.Ma. Examining technology acceptance by school teachers: a longitudinal study. Information&Management. 2003, (5): 227~241.
9 Licen Indahwati Darsono. Examining information technology acceptance by individual professionals. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business. 2005, l7(2):155~178.
10黄梯云,李一军.管理信息系统导论.机械工业出版社. 2002: 21~52.
11刘丽华,姜莹.试论高校管理信息系统的建设. 1995, (31): 88~90.
12刘文雯,高平,徐博艺.企业信息技术采纳行为研究综述.研究与发展管理. 2005, 17(3):52~58.
13 P.Legris, J.Ingham, P.Collerette. Why Do People Use Information Technology? A Critical Review of the Technology Acceptance Model. Information&Management. 2003, (40): l91~204.
14 Rogers, E.M.. Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, New York, 1983:147~198.
15 V.Venkatesh, F D.Davis. A theoretical extension of the technology acceptancemodel: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 2000, 46(2):186~204.
16 D.L.Goodhue, R.L.Thompson. Task-technology fit and individual performance. MIS Quarterly. 1995, 19(2): 213~236.
17 F.D.Davis. User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions and behavioral impacts. International Journal of Man Machine Studies.1993: 306~315.
18 V.Venkatesh, F.D.Davis. A model of the antecedents of perceived ease of use: development and test. Decision Sciences. 1996, 27(3):451~481.
19 R.Agarwal, J.Prasad. Are individual differences germane to the acceptance of new information technologies. Decision Sciences. 1999, 30(2):361~391.
20 M.Igbaria, N.Zinatelli, P.Cragg, A.Cavaye. Personal computing acceptance factors in small firms: a structural equation model. MIS Quarterly. 1997: 279~302.
21 M.Igbaria, T.Guimaraes, G.B.Davis. Testing the determinants of microcomputer usage via a structural equation model. Journal of Management Information Systems. 1995, 11(4):87~114.
22 V.Venkatesh, M.G..Morris, F.D.Davis. User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly. 2003, 27(3): 425~478.
23王玮.信息系统采用模型的比较研究.现代图书情报技术. 2005,(12): 17~21.
24胡安安,姜江,黄丽华.基于信息技术用户接受理论的ERP系统实施模型研究.科学政策与管理.2007, 31(5): 20~27.
25李霆,张朋柱,王刊良.影响用户接受信息技术的关键因素分析.预测. 2005, 24(4):38~43.
26徐博艺,高平,姜丽红. ERP实施环境中的技术采纳模型及实证研究.工业工程与管理. 2006, (4): 64~69.
27 Hassan. An empirical investigation of student acceptance of course websites. Computers&Education. 2003, (40): 343~360.
28 Antonio. Factors affecting e-collaboration technology use among management students. Computers&Education. 2007:256~264.
29 M.Fishhein, I.Ajzen. Belief, attitude, intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 1975:158~174.
30 I.Ajzen. The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and HumanDecision Processes. 1991, 50(2):179~211.
31 S.Taylor, P.A.Todd. Understanding Information Technology Usage: A Test of Competing Models. Information Systems Research.1995, 6(4):144~176.
32 K.Mathieson. Predicting user intentions: comparing the technology acceptance model with the theory of planned behavior. Information Systems Research. 1991:173~191.
33 J.Hartwick, H.Barki. Explaining the Role of User Participation in Information System Use. Management Science.1994: 40~465.
34 F.D. Davis. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly. 1989, 13(3): 319~340.
35 F.D.Davis, R.P.Bagozzi, P.R.Warshaw. User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 1989, 25(8): 982~1003.
36 G..C.Moore, I.Benbasat. Development of an instrument to measure the perceptions of adopting an information technology innovation. Information Systems Research. 1991, 2(3):398~427.
37 M.L.KATZ, C.SHAPIRO. Network Externalities, Competition and Compatibility. The American Economic Review. 1985, 75(3):424~440.
38邓朝华,鲁耀斌,张金隆.基于TAM和网络外部性的移动服务使用行为研究.管理学报. 2007, (3): 216~221.
39 R.J.KAUFFMAN, J.MCANDREWS, Y.M.WANG.. Opening the Black Box of Network Externalities in Network Adoption. Information Systems Research. 2000, 11(1):61-82.
40 C.C.WANG, Y.HSU, W.FANG. Acceptance of Technology with Network Externalities: An Empirical Study of Internet Instant Messaging Services. Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 2004, 6(4):15-28.
41候杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用.北京教育科学出版社. 2004:158-189.
42 J.Hair, R.Anderson, R.Tatham, W.C.Black. Multivariate Data Analysis. The 5th edition. Upper Saddle River, Prentice-Hall, 1998: 182-232.
43张文彤. SPSSII统计分析教程(高级篇).北京希望电子出版社. 2002: 190~232.
44 G.A.Jr.Churchill. A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs. Journal of Marketing Research. 1979, 16(1):64-73.
45曾五一,黄炳艺.调查问卷的可信度和有效度分析.统计与信息论坛. 2005, 20(6):11~15.
46 R.H.Hoyle. Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. 1995:125~146.
47孟庆茂,候杰泰.协方差结构模型与多层线性模型原理及应用.北京师范大学心理计量与统计分析研究室. 2001:90~105.
48伍建华.顾客价值评价实证研究.西北工业大学硕士论文研究. 2007: 26~29.
49 V.Venkatesh, M.G..Morris. Why don't Men Ever Stop to ask for Directions? Gender, Social Influence, and Their Role in Technology Acceptance and Usage Behavior. MIS Quarterly. 2000, 24(1):115-139.