一体化模拟监控摄像机的设计及实现
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摘要
一体化监控摄像机是指镜头、CCD芯片、视频处理电路、控制通信电路、电源、机壳整合为一个整体,可以实现电动聚焦变焦、自动聚焦和自动光圈控制的摄像机。与传统摄像机相比,一体化摄像机凭着体积小巧,特殊设计的外观,其电源、视频、控制信号均有直接插口,优于传统摄像机复杂的连线,因此在监控领域,一体化摄像机得到了广泛应用。
在研究生学习期间,我们设计并实现了一种用于监控的一体化模拟摄像机,本人完成了相关硬件和软件的设计实现。最终所实现的一体化模拟监控摄像机具有以下特点:
(1)基于夏普47万CCD和专用DSP的图像采集处理系统以及单片机控制通信系统所设计的一体化模拟监控摄像机。方案设计既保证了摄像机有较好的图像显示效果又缩短了研发周期降低了成本。
(2)基于模拟电路和单片机的自动聚焦系统。在一体化摄像机的实现技术中,自动聚焦特别是变焦距自动聚焦是核心。传统主动式聚焦系统装置复杂且易出错,而基于DSP、FPGA等数字信号处理的聚焦系统价格又显得昂贵。在本设计中通过模拟滤波电路提取复合视频信号中的高频分量,作为聚焦评价值。单片机首先根据聚焦变焦跟踪曲线驱动聚焦电机找到准焦点附近,再通过爬山搜索算法找到准焦点。这种聚焦方式具有实现简单、功耗低、聚焦快等特点。实践证明,采用本聚焦系统设计的摄像机可在1秒内实现自动聚焦,并且准焦率达99%以上。
(3)具有字符显示功能。选用专用的字符叠加芯片实现了用户操作信息的在屏显示。
(4)具有红外遥控功能。利用红外线可以控制摄像机的聚焦变焦以及云台的上下左右转动等。方便用户在现场进行控制调试。
(5)摄像机内置云台解码器模块。本摄像机可以不通过外接解码器,而由摄像机的主控制芯片直接与上位机进行通信,进而控制摄像机和云台的动作。同时为了增强摄像机的通用性,也预留了解码器接口,可直接与其它类型云台解码器相连。
(6)设计了上位机控制界面。在实验室中,我们通过人机控制界面来实现对摄像机和云台的操作控制,也为进一步设计上位机集成监控软件打下了基础。
The integrated zoom camera,which is integrated in lens,CCD chip,video processing circuits,control communication circuits,power,chassis,and so on as a whole.This type of cameras can focus,zoom, auto-focus, auto-zoom and auto-iris.Compared with traditional cameras,the integrated zoom cameras are a compact, the special design of appearance, the power, video, control signals are directly jack, also they have more simple connection than traditional cameras. In monitoring areas,the integrated zoom cameras have alreay been widely used.
During the graduate studies,we designed and implemented a type of integrated zoom camera which used in monitoring areas.I completed the relevant hardware and software design. The integrated monitoring analog zoom camera which we designed has following features:
(1) The zoom camera is based on 47,0000 pixeles CCD and special DSP along with SCM control communications system.This design scheme ensures that the camera has good effect and shorten the R & D cycle also reduced the costs.
(2) The auto-focus system is based on analog circuits and MCU.The core of design zoom camera is how to auto-focus. Traditional active focusing system complex and error-prone.The auto-focus system which based on FPGA or DSP is much more expensive. In this paper,the auto-focus system is achieved by analog filtering circuit extraction high-frequency component from the composite video signals. At last,we use hill-climbing algorithm to find the focusal point by MCU. Practice has proved that, this auto-focus system is simple, low-power and fast focusing .The zoom camera in which used the auto-focus system can focus in one second and the correct rate is more than 99%.
(3) On screen display. The zoom camera can display the operation information on screen by special characters superimposed chip.
(4) Infrared remote control . Using infrared can control the movement of camera and haeundae.
(5) Haeundae decoding module is embedded in the zoom camera.The zoom camera need't use an external decoder but by the MCU in the zoom camera to communicate with PC. At the same time, in order to enhance the camera's versatile, we also designed a decoder interface in the camera, so the camera can directly connect with other types of haeundae decoder .
(6) Designed the man-machine interface. Users can use man-machine interface to control the camera and haeundae.Also for further design integrated PC monitoring software to lay a foundation.
在研究生学习期间,我们设计并实现了一种用于监控的一体化模拟摄像机,本人完成了相关硬件和软件的设计实现。最终所实现的一体化模拟监控摄像机具有以下特点:
(1)基于夏普47万CCD和专用DSP的图像采集处理系统以及单片机控制通信系统所设计的一体化模拟监控摄像机。方案设计既保证了摄像机有较好的图像显示效果又缩短了研发周期降低了成本。
(2)基于模拟电路和单片机的自动聚焦系统。在一体化摄像机的实现技术中,自动聚焦特别是变焦距自动聚焦是核心。传统主动式聚焦系统装置复杂且易出错,而基于DSP、FPGA等数字信号处理的聚焦系统价格又显得昂贵。在本设计中通过模拟滤波电路提取复合视频信号中的高频分量,作为聚焦评价值。单片机首先根据聚焦变焦跟踪曲线驱动聚焦电机找到准焦点附近,再通过爬山搜索算法找到准焦点。这种聚焦方式具有实现简单、功耗低、聚焦快等特点。实践证明,采用本聚焦系统设计的摄像机可在1秒内实现自动聚焦,并且准焦率达99%以上。
(3)具有字符显示功能。选用专用的字符叠加芯片实现了用户操作信息的在屏显示。
(4)具有红外遥控功能。利用红外线可以控制摄像机的聚焦变焦以及云台的上下左右转动等。方便用户在现场进行控制调试。
(5)摄像机内置云台解码器模块。本摄像机可以不通过外接解码器,而由摄像机的主控制芯片直接与上位机进行通信,进而控制摄像机和云台的动作。同时为了增强摄像机的通用性,也预留了解码器接口,可直接与其它类型云台解码器相连。
(6)设计了上位机控制界面。在实验室中,我们通过人机控制界面来实现对摄像机和云台的操作控制,也为进一步设计上位机集成监控软件打下了基础。
The integrated zoom camera,which is integrated in lens,CCD chip,video processing circuits,control communication circuits,power,chassis,and so on as a whole.This type of cameras can focus,zoom, auto-focus, auto-zoom and auto-iris.Compared with traditional cameras,the integrated zoom cameras are a compact, the special design of appearance, the power, video, control signals are directly jack, also they have more simple connection than traditional cameras. In monitoring areas,the integrated zoom cameras have alreay been widely used.
During the graduate studies,we designed and implemented a type of integrated zoom camera which used in monitoring areas.I completed the relevant hardware and software design. The integrated monitoring analog zoom camera which we designed has following features:
(1) The zoom camera is based on 47,0000 pixeles CCD and special DSP along with SCM control communications system.This design scheme ensures that the camera has good effect and shorten the R & D cycle also reduced the costs.
(2) The auto-focus system is based on analog circuits and MCU.The core of design zoom camera is how to auto-focus. Traditional active focusing system complex and error-prone.The auto-focus system which based on FPGA or DSP is much more expensive. In this paper,the auto-focus system is achieved by analog filtering circuit extraction high-frequency component from the composite video signals. At last,we use hill-climbing algorithm to find the focusal point by MCU. Practice has proved that, this auto-focus system is simple, low-power and fast focusing .The zoom camera in which used the auto-focus system can focus in one second and the correct rate is more than 99%.
(3) On screen display. The zoom camera can display the operation information on screen by special characters superimposed chip.
(4) Infrared remote control . Using infrared can control the movement of camera and haeundae.
(5) Haeundae decoding module is embedded in the zoom camera.The zoom camera need't use an external decoder but by the MCU in the zoom camera to communicate with PC. At the same time, in order to enhance the camera's versatile, we also designed a decoder interface in the camera, so the camera can directly connect with other types of haeundae decoder .
(6) Designed the man-machine interface. Users can use man-machine interface to control the camera and haeundae.Also for further design integrated PC monitoring software to lay a foundation.
引文
[1]杨磊,李峰等.电视监控实用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.20-22
[2]龚威.一体化摄像机高清时代的变焦战争[J].中国公共安全,2007,04:07
[3]郭卫华.模拟视频监控系统之过去、现在和将来[J].中国安防,2008,01:19
[4]严爱杰.一体化摄像机控制系统的设计与实现[J].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位文.2007
[5]Sang Ku Kim,Sang Rae Park,Joon Ki Paik.Simultaneous out-of focus Blur Estimation and Restoration for the Digital Auto-Focusing System[J].IEEE Transactions on consumer Electronics.Vol.44,No.3,AUGUST1998:145-150
[6]ATMEL.ATMEGA16datasheet[EB/OL].www.atmel.com,2003
[7]李现勇.Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.22-25
[8]乔林,杨志刚.Visual C++6.0高级编程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000.77-81
[9]蔡文贵,李永远,许振华.CCD技术及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1992.101-110
[10]袁祥辉.固体图像传感器及其应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1992.10-12
[11]SHARP.RJ2461 datasheet[EB/OL],www.sharp.cn,2002
[12]SHARP.Digital signal processor for color CCD camera LR38603A specifications [EB/OL]www.sharp.com,2003
[13]SHARP.IR3Y48AI datasheet[EB/OL],www.sharp.cn,2002
[14]JRC.NJU7664datasheet[EB/OL].www.jrc.cn,2001
[15]ATMEL.AT24C02A datasheet[EB/OL],www.atmel.com,2007
[16]仲炽维.步进电机的单片机控制方法.自动化与仪表[J].1999,11.67-68
[17]NEC.μPD6464A datasheet[EB/OL].www.necel.com,1998
[18]李月红.红外遥控技术在单片机中的应用[J].江苏技术师范学院学报,2005,4.52-53
[19]NEC.μPD6121G datasheet[EB/OL].www.necel.com,2001
[20]NAIS.TQ-RELAYS[EB/OL].www.nais.com,2000
[21]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.ULN2003AI.www.ti.com,2003
[22]NEC.PS2701-4.www.necel.com,1997
[23]MAXIM.±15kV ESD-Protected,Slew-Rate-Limited,Low-Power,RS-485/RS-422Transceivers,1997
[24]NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LM3485 datasheet[EB/OL],www.national.com,2002
[25]MOTOROLA.MC34063A datasheet[EB/OL],www.motorola.com,1996
[26]INFINEON.BCR133L datasheet[EB/OL],www.infineon.com,1999
[27]Murali Subbarao,Tae Choi,Arman Nikzad,Focusing Techniques,SPIE,Vol.1823,1992.114-118
[28]L.J.Pinson,Electro-Otics.New York:John Willey&Sons,1985.14-16
[29]刘义鹏.显微镜自动对焦系统设计与应用.杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005
[30]冯华君.反射能量法测聚焦系统及其重叠设计法[J].光电工程,1998,25(2):48-53
[31]李奇,冯华君.数字图像清晰度评价函数研究[J].光子学报,2002,31(6):736-738
[32]I.Raveh,D.Mendlovic,Z.Zalevsky,A.W.Lohmann.Digital method for defocus corrections:experimental results[J].Optical Engineering,October 1999,38(10)1620-1626
[33]Subbarao M,Nikzad A.Focusing Techniques[J].Optical Engineering,1993,32(11):2824-2836
[34]任四刚,谢利利.自动聚焦在图像测量中的应用[J].重庆邮电学院学报,2002,14(3):70-72
[35]任四刚,李见为,谢利利.基于灰度差分法的自动调焦技术[J].光电工程,2003,30(2):53-55
[36]裴昌幸,刘乃安,陈健.摄录像技术及多媒体光盘[J].西安电子科技大学出版社,1998,8:77-79
[37]赵荣椿.数字图像处理导论[J].西北工业大学出版社,1996,7:57-59
[38]康华光.电子技术基础一模拟部分(第四版)[M],北京,高等教育出版社,1996.101-105
[39]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M],北京,高等教育出版社,2000.77-89
[40]李远文,胡筠.有源滤波器设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1986,201-238
[41]李国荣,译.有源滤波器精确设计手册[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1984,95-131
[43]Yalin Xiong,Steven A.Shafer,Depth from focusing and defocusing,Proceeding of IEEE computer society conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,1993,68-73
[44]张秋梅.数码相机自动对焦系统的研究及实现[J].西安:西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006
[45]Young-Ki Ko,June-Sok Lee,You-Young Jung,An advanced camera system having fast autofocus control,IEEE Transactions on Cunsumer Electronics,19-21 June 2001:210-211
[46]李长林.Visual Basic串口通信技术与典型实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.77-89
[2]龚威.一体化摄像机高清时代的变焦战争[J].中国公共安全,2007,04:07
[3]郭卫华.模拟视频监控系统之过去、现在和将来[J].中国安防,2008,01:19
[4]严爱杰.一体化摄像机控制系统的设计与实现[J].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位文.2007
[5]Sang Ku Kim,Sang Rae Park,Joon Ki Paik.Simultaneous out-of focus Blur Estimation and Restoration for the Digital Auto-Focusing System[J].IEEE Transactions on consumer Electronics.Vol.44,No.3,AUGUST1998:145-150
[6]ATMEL.ATMEGA16datasheet[EB/OL].www.atmel.com,2003
[7]李现勇.Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.22-25
[8]乔林,杨志刚.Visual C++6.0高级编程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000.77-81
[9]蔡文贵,李永远,许振华.CCD技术及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1992.101-110
[10]袁祥辉.固体图像传感器及其应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1992.10-12
[11]SHARP.RJ2461 datasheet[EB/OL],www.sharp.cn,2002
[12]SHARP.Digital signal processor for color CCD camera LR38603A specifications [EB/OL]www.sharp.com,2003
[13]SHARP.IR3Y48AI datasheet[EB/OL],www.sharp.cn,2002
[14]JRC.NJU7664datasheet[EB/OL].www.jrc.cn,2001
[15]ATMEL.AT24C02A datasheet[EB/OL],www.atmel.com,2007
[16]仲炽维.步进电机的单片机控制方法.自动化与仪表[J].1999,11.67-68
[17]NEC.μPD6464A datasheet[EB/OL].www.necel.com,1998
[18]李月红.红外遥控技术在单片机中的应用[J].江苏技术师范学院学报,2005,4.52-53
[19]NEC.μPD6121G datasheet[EB/OL].www.necel.com,2001
[20]NAIS.TQ-RELAYS[EB/OL].www.nais.com,2000
[21]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.ULN2003AI.www.ti.com,2003
[22]NEC.PS2701-4.www.necel.com,1997
[23]MAXIM.±15kV ESD-Protected,Slew-Rate-Limited,Low-Power,RS-485/RS-422Transceivers,1997
[24]NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LM3485 datasheet[EB/OL],www.national.com,2002
[25]MOTOROLA.MC34063A datasheet[EB/OL],www.motorola.com,1996
[26]INFINEON.BCR133L datasheet[EB/OL],www.infineon.com,1999
[27]Murali Subbarao,Tae Choi,Arman Nikzad,Focusing Techniques,SPIE,Vol.1823,1992.114-118
[28]L.J.Pinson,Electro-Otics.New York:John Willey&Sons,1985.14-16
[29]刘义鹏.显微镜自动对焦系统设计与应用.杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005
[30]冯华君.反射能量法测聚焦系统及其重叠设计法[J].光电工程,1998,25(2):48-53
[31]李奇,冯华君.数字图像清晰度评价函数研究[J].光子学报,2002,31(6):736-738
[32]I.Raveh,D.Mendlovic,Z.Zalevsky,A.W.Lohmann.Digital method for defocus corrections:experimental results[J].Optical Engineering,October 1999,38(10)1620-1626
[33]Subbarao M,Nikzad A.Focusing Techniques[J].Optical Engineering,1993,32(11):2824-2836
[34]任四刚,谢利利.自动聚焦在图像测量中的应用[J].重庆邮电学院学报,2002,14(3):70-72
[35]任四刚,李见为,谢利利.基于灰度差分法的自动调焦技术[J].光电工程,2003,30(2):53-55
[36]裴昌幸,刘乃安,陈健.摄录像技术及多媒体光盘[J].西安电子科技大学出版社,1998,8:77-79
[37]赵荣椿.数字图像处理导论[J].西北工业大学出版社,1996,7:57-59
[38]康华光.电子技术基础一模拟部分(第四版)[M],北京,高等教育出版社,1996.101-105
[39]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M],北京,高等教育出版社,2000.77-89
[40]李远文,胡筠.有源滤波器设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1986,201-238
[41]李国荣,译.有源滤波器精确设计手册[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1984,95-131
[43]Yalin Xiong,Steven A.Shafer,Depth from focusing and defocusing,Proceeding of IEEE computer society conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,1993,68-73
[44]张秋梅.数码相机自动对焦系统的研究及实现[J].西安:西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006
[45]Young-Ki Ko,June-Sok Lee,You-Young Jung,An advanced camera system having fast autofocus control,IEEE Transactions on Cunsumer Electronics,19-21 June 2001:210-211
[46]李长林.Visual Basic串口通信技术与典型实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.77-89