军标地图自动注记系统的设计与实现
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摘要
资源环境规划问题是我国在新世纪里实现可持续发展战略的重要议题。地理信息产业的关键问题是对资源和环境进行统筹管理。在全球融合和信息化时代加速到来的背景下,有关地理信息产业的研究在未来的国防、军事、经济和文化事业的发展过程中必将起到越来越重要的推动作用。
智能化和自动化是地图信息处理环节中决定国防地理信息技术进步的重要制约因素。然而在目前的实践中,地图自动注记问题等一系列绘图问题阻碍着地图信息处理智能化及自动化水平的提高,严重限制了国防地理信息科学的发展。军标地图自动注记问题是地理信息科学领域的国防前沿课题,也是地图注记自动化发展研究的主要问题,军标地图注记自动化的研究在地理信息科学领域具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。
为使得军标地图注记出的输出结果图片更加清晰美观,尽量降低注记信息的缺失概率,就要求我们把注记信息精确自动地标注到地图元素上。军标地图自动注记系统主要包含地图元素的数据管理、数据预处理和地图注记三个基本功能模块,采用Microsoft Visual C++6.0和Oracle 10g的整合支撑软件环境,完成了军标地图数据管理和地图注记两项主要功能。
军标地图数据管理功能允许用户获取以及处理多项地理数据;提供无损压缩管理工具、数据处理工具;实现了点要素、线要素和面要素的注记算法,并对面要素注记算法进行了算法改进,大大简化了地图元素数据访问和管理的难度。地图注记功能可使用户对地图数据交叉编辑,提供了图层管理、军标注记、地图元素显示控件等绘制工具,可快速将地图元素信息转换为符号并输出符合标准的军标地图。
Resources and environment problems have been China's important issues to achieve sustainable development strategy in the new century. The main features of the geographic information industry are the integrated management of resources and the environment. Under the background of the information age and in the accelerating global integration, the research on geographic information industry for the future military, economic and cultural development will surely play an increasingly important role.
The intelligent and automation of geographic information processing is the main factor of impacting the development of national defense geographical information industry. However, in current practice, drawing question which includes map annotation issues is always embarrassing the intelligent and automation of geographic information processing, which seriously restricts the development of geographic information science. Automatic electronic map annotation problem is an international frontier problem in GIS area, and also the main problem of map automation, whose research plays an important role in theoretical and practical significance of geographic information field.
In order to make the electronic map output images more clear and beautiful and minimize the defects of note information, we need to label geographical elements dynamically. Electronic map automatic note system is composed by three parts, data management module, data pretreatment module and noting module. Using VC++6.0 and oracle 10g it has two big functions, electronic map data management and map plotting.
Map data management provides user storing and operating various geographic data, and provides geographic data catalogue of management tools, data processing tools. The design and implementation of point, line and an improved surface labeling algorithm makes the geographic data access and management easier. Map plotting provides many kinds of tools such as layer management, graphics and text marking plot, military plot, control tools of map showing, it can quickly implement data map symbolic and output electronic map.
智能化和自动化是地图信息处理环节中决定国防地理信息技术进步的重要制约因素。然而在目前的实践中,地图自动注记问题等一系列绘图问题阻碍着地图信息处理智能化及自动化水平的提高,严重限制了国防地理信息科学的发展。军标地图自动注记问题是地理信息科学领域的国防前沿课题,也是地图注记自动化发展研究的主要问题,军标地图注记自动化的研究在地理信息科学领域具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。
为使得军标地图注记出的输出结果图片更加清晰美观,尽量降低注记信息的缺失概率,就要求我们把注记信息精确自动地标注到地图元素上。军标地图自动注记系统主要包含地图元素的数据管理、数据预处理和地图注记三个基本功能模块,采用Microsoft Visual C++6.0和Oracle 10g的整合支撑软件环境,完成了军标地图数据管理和地图注记两项主要功能。
军标地图数据管理功能允许用户获取以及处理多项地理数据;提供无损压缩管理工具、数据处理工具;实现了点要素、线要素和面要素的注记算法,并对面要素注记算法进行了算法改进,大大简化了地图元素数据访问和管理的难度。地图注记功能可使用户对地图数据交叉编辑,提供了图层管理、军标注记、地图元素显示控件等绘制工具,可快速将地图元素信息转换为符号并输出符合标准的军标地图。
Resources and environment problems have been China's important issues to achieve sustainable development strategy in the new century. The main features of the geographic information industry are the integrated management of resources and the environment. Under the background of the information age and in the accelerating global integration, the research on geographic information industry for the future military, economic and cultural development will surely play an increasingly important role.
The intelligent and automation of geographic information processing is the main factor of impacting the development of national defense geographical information industry. However, in current practice, drawing question which includes map annotation issues is always embarrassing the intelligent and automation of geographic information processing, which seriously restricts the development of geographic information science. Automatic electronic map annotation problem is an international frontier problem in GIS area, and also the main problem of map automation, whose research plays an important role in theoretical and practical significance of geographic information field.
In order to make the electronic map output images more clear and beautiful and minimize the defects of note information, we need to label geographical elements dynamically. Electronic map automatic note system is composed by three parts, data management module, data pretreatment module and noting module. Using VC++6.0 and oracle 10g it has two big functions, electronic map data management and map plotting.
Map data management provides user storing and operating various geographic data, and provides geographic data catalogue of management tools, data processing tools. The design and implementation of point, line and an improved surface labeling algorithm makes the geographic data access and management easier. Map plotting provides many kinds of tools such as layer management, graphics and text marking plot, military plot, control tools of map showing, it can quickly implement data map symbolic and output electronic map.
引文
[1]吴长彬,闾国年,刘昱君.基于规则库和网格算法的土地利用现状图自动数字.注记测绘学报, 2008, 15(2): 26-28
[2]严泰来,吴平.基于关系型数据库带时间维GIS的一种数据模型.中国农业大学学报, 2002, 7(3): 59-62
[3]罗忠文.应用对象关系型数据库存储GIS数据.中国地质大学学报, 2002, 27(3): 70-71
[4]凌善金,鲍静.论注记和符号的关系及其表现方法.地图, 2001(4): 45-47
[5]李砚祖,芦影.视觉传达设计的历史和美学.北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2000: 16-18
[6]廖楚江,蔡忠亮,杜清运等.电子地图中线状要素移动注记关键问题研究.测绘信息和工程, 2004(3): 29-30
[7] R. Yoeli. The Logic of Automated Map Lettering. The Cartographic Journal, 1972(9): 99-108
[8]樊红,张祝勋,杜道生等.地图线状要素自动注记的算法设计和实现.测绘学报, 1999, 28(1): 86-89
[9]杜世宏,杜道生,樊红等.基丁栅格数据提取主骨架线的新算法.武汉测绘科技人学学报, 2000, 25(4): 432-435
[10]杜世宏,杜道生,樊红等.面状地物注记自动配置算法的探讨.测绘信息和工程, 2000(4): 6-8
[11]杜瑞颖,刘镜年.面状地物名称注记的自动配置研究.测绘学报, 1999, 28(4): 365-368
[12]孙家广.计算机图形学.第3版.北京:清华大学出版社, 2000: 18-25
[13]马永立.地图学教程.南京:南京大学出版社, 1999: 15-17
[14]毋河海.数字曲线拐点的自动确定.武汉大学学报.信息科学版, 2003, 29(6): 39-41
[15]郭庆胜,刘小利.城市街道注记离散化定位的自动推理方法.武汉大学学报.信息科学版, 2006, 29(2): 23-35
[16]高积粮,杨崇俊,杨建宇等.电子地图的自适应注记研究.计算机工程和应用, 2004, 28(16): 62-65
[17]罗广祥,马智民.基丁单调性图形综合的面状要素名称注记定位线确定.地球科学和环境学报, 2004, 24(6): 50-51
[18]余卓渊,王英杰,陈小钢.电子地图现状流动注记的实用算法.地理学报, 2001(9): 73-74
[19] S. Zoraster. Expert systems and the map label placement problem. Cartographica, 1991, 28(1): 1-9
[20]齐清文,潘安敏.智能化制图综合在GIS环境下的实现方法研究.地理科学进展, 1998, 25(2): 15-18
[21]郭庆胜,王涛.稠密型点状地图要素注记自动配置的智能化进式方法.武汉测绘科技大学学报, 2000, 20(4): 362-364
[22]万幼川,樊红,张祖勋等.基于数学形态学面状要素自动注记.计算机和工程, 1998, 26(2): 11-16
[23]王涛,毋河海.顾及多因素的面状目标多层次骨架线提取.武汉大学学报.信息科学版, 2004, 29(6): 533-536
[24]陈涛,艾廷华.多边形骨架线和形心自动搜寻算法研究.武汉大学学报.信息科学版, 2004, 29(5): 443-455
[25]朱庆,陈楚江.不规则三角网的快速建立及其自动更新.武汉测绘科技大学学报, 1998, 23(3): 205-207
[26]赵文芳.离散点Delaunay三角网生成算法改进和软件开发.测绘工程, 2003, 12(4): 22-25
[27] J. Ahn, H. Freeman. A program for automatic name placement. Cartographica, 1984, 21(1): 101-109
[28]周培德.平面点集三角剖分的算法.计算机辅助设计和图形学学报, 1996, 8(4): 260-264
[29]吴中海,叶澄清,潘云鹤.一个改进的简单多边形凸包算法.计算机辅助设计和图形学学报, 1997, 9(1): 9-13
[30]孔德慧,马春玲.一种平面点集凸包和三角网格综合生成的算法.计算机研究和发展, 2000, 37(7): 891-896
[31]赵小林,陈朔鹰,刘然.一种在计算机上生成凸包的算法.计算技术和自动化, 2003, 22(4): 47-50
[32] T. Strijk, M. Kreveld. Labeling a rectilinear map more efficiently. Information Processing Letters, 1999, 69(1): 25-30
[33] M. Jame. Automated feature and name placement on parellel computers. Cartography and Geographic Information, 1993, 20(2): 69-82
[34] B. Beizer. Black-Box Testing Techniques of Functional Testing of Software and Systems, IEEE Software, 1996(5): 30-35
[35] J. Christenson, J. Marks, S. Shieber. An empirical study of algorithms for point feature label placement. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1995, 14(3): 203-232
[36] Moataz A. Ahmed and Irman Hermadi. GA-based multiple paths test data generator. Computers & Operations Research. 2007, 36(6): 128-139
[37] G. Banavar, T. Chandra, B. Mukherjee. An efficient multicast protocol for content-based publish-subscribe systems. Distributed Computing Systems. Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on. 1999, 4(17): 262-272
[38]杨涛,周兴社.基于CORBA的发布-订阅系统.计算机工程, 2004, 5(30): 77-78
[39] A. Demers, J. Gehrke, M. Hong, et a1. Towards Expressive Publish/Subscribe Systems. Computer Science, 2006, 3(8): 627-644
[40] M. Caporuscio, A. Carzaniga, A. Wolf. Design and evaluation of a support service for mobile, wireless Publish/subscribe Plieation. IEEE Translation Software Engineering, 2003, 29(12): 1059-1071
[41] R. Fonseca, S. Ratnasamy, J. Zhao, et a1. Beacon vector routing: scalable point-to-point routing in wireless sensornets. Network Security, 2005(2): 4-5
[42]王志军.突破XP模式的硬件限制.中国电脑教育报. 2010, 4(3): 6-7
[2]严泰来,吴平.基于关系型数据库带时间维GIS的一种数据模型.中国农业大学学报, 2002, 7(3): 59-62
[3]罗忠文.应用对象关系型数据库存储GIS数据.中国地质大学学报, 2002, 27(3): 70-71
[4]凌善金,鲍静.论注记和符号的关系及其表现方法.地图, 2001(4): 45-47
[5]李砚祖,芦影.视觉传达设计的历史和美学.北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2000: 16-18
[6]廖楚江,蔡忠亮,杜清运等.电子地图中线状要素移动注记关键问题研究.测绘信息和工程, 2004(3): 29-30
[7] R. Yoeli. The Logic of Automated Map Lettering. The Cartographic Journal, 1972(9): 99-108
[8]樊红,张祝勋,杜道生等.地图线状要素自动注记的算法设计和实现.测绘学报, 1999, 28(1): 86-89
[9]杜世宏,杜道生,樊红等.基丁栅格数据提取主骨架线的新算法.武汉测绘科技人学学报, 2000, 25(4): 432-435
[10]杜世宏,杜道生,樊红等.面状地物注记自动配置算法的探讨.测绘信息和工程, 2000(4): 6-8
[11]杜瑞颖,刘镜年.面状地物名称注记的自动配置研究.测绘学报, 1999, 28(4): 365-368
[12]孙家广.计算机图形学.第3版.北京:清华大学出版社, 2000: 18-25
[13]马永立.地图学教程.南京:南京大学出版社, 1999: 15-17
[14]毋河海.数字曲线拐点的自动确定.武汉大学学报.信息科学版, 2003, 29(6): 39-41
[15]郭庆胜,刘小利.城市街道注记离散化定位的自动推理方法.武汉大学学报.信息科学版, 2006, 29(2): 23-35
[16]高积粮,杨崇俊,杨建宇等.电子地图的自适应注记研究.计算机工程和应用, 2004, 28(16): 62-65
[17]罗广祥,马智民.基丁单调性图形综合的面状要素名称注记定位线确定.地球科学和环境学报, 2004, 24(6): 50-51
[18]余卓渊,王英杰,陈小钢.电子地图现状流动注记的实用算法.地理学报, 2001(9): 73-74
[19] S. Zoraster. Expert systems and the map label placement problem. Cartographica, 1991, 28(1): 1-9
[20]齐清文,潘安敏.智能化制图综合在GIS环境下的实现方法研究.地理科学进展, 1998, 25(2): 15-18
[21]郭庆胜,王涛.稠密型点状地图要素注记自动配置的智能化进式方法.武汉测绘科技大学学报, 2000, 20(4): 362-364
[22]万幼川,樊红,张祖勋等.基于数学形态学面状要素自动注记.计算机和工程, 1998, 26(2): 11-16
[23]王涛,毋河海.顾及多因素的面状目标多层次骨架线提取.武汉大学学报.信息科学版, 2004, 29(6): 533-536
[24]陈涛,艾廷华.多边形骨架线和形心自动搜寻算法研究.武汉大学学报.信息科学版, 2004, 29(5): 443-455
[25]朱庆,陈楚江.不规则三角网的快速建立及其自动更新.武汉测绘科技大学学报, 1998, 23(3): 205-207
[26]赵文芳.离散点Delaunay三角网生成算法改进和软件开发.测绘工程, 2003, 12(4): 22-25
[27] J. Ahn, H. Freeman. A program for automatic name placement. Cartographica, 1984, 21(1): 101-109
[28]周培德.平面点集三角剖分的算法.计算机辅助设计和图形学学报, 1996, 8(4): 260-264
[29]吴中海,叶澄清,潘云鹤.一个改进的简单多边形凸包算法.计算机辅助设计和图形学学报, 1997, 9(1): 9-13
[30]孔德慧,马春玲.一种平面点集凸包和三角网格综合生成的算法.计算机研究和发展, 2000, 37(7): 891-896
[31]赵小林,陈朔鹰,刘然.一种在计算机上生成凸包的算法.计算技术和自动化, 2003, 22(4): 47-50
[32] T. Strijk, M. Kreveld. Labeling a rectilinear map more efficiently. Information Processing Letters, 1999, 69(1): 25-30
[33] M. Jame. Automated feature and name placement on parellel computers. Cartography and Geographic Information, 1993, 20(2): 69-82
[34] B. Beizer. Black-Box Testing Techniques of Functional Testing of Software and Systems, IEEE Software, 1996(5): 30-35
[35] J. Christenson, J. Marks, S. Shieber. An empirical study of algorithms for point feature label placement. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1995, 14(3): 203-232
[36] Moataz A. Ahmed and Irman Hermadi. GA-based multiple paths test data generator. Computers & Operations Research. 2007, 36(6): 128-139
[37] G. Banavar, T. Chandra, B. Mukherjee. An efficient multicast protocol for content-based publish-subscribe systems. Distributed Computing Systems. Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on. 1999, 4(17): 262-272
[38]杨涛,周兴社.基于CORBA的发布-订阅系统.计算机工程, 2004, 5(30): 77-78
[39] A. Demers, J. Gehrke, M. Hong, et a1. Towards Expressive Publish/Subscribe Systems. Computer Science, 2006, 3(8): 627-644
[40] M. Caporuscio, A. Carzaniga, A. Wolf. Design and evaluation of a support service for mobile, wireless Publish/subscribe Plieation. IEEE Translation Software Engineering, 2003, 29(12): 1059-1071
[41] R. Fonseca, S. Ratnasamy, J. Zhao, et a1. Beacon vector routing: scalable point-to-point routing in wireless sensornets. Network Security, 2005(2): 4-5
[42]王志军.突破XP模式的硬件限制.中国电脑教育报. 2010, 4(3): 6-7