A7N01铝合金焊接接头的组织及力学性能
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摘要
A7N01铝合金具有优良的力学性能和焊接成形性能,在高速轨道列车的底架设计中得到广泛应用。本文针对国产A7N01铝合金焊接接头展开研究,主要研究A7N01铝合金焊接接头的组织及力学性能。试验所用焊接接头的坡口形式有对接V形、对接单边V形和对接K形三种,从以下几个方面对其进行试验研究：
首先对三种焊接接头进行金相试件的制作,之后对其进行组织的宏观分析、微观分析和硬度分析。
其次对三种焊接接头及母材进行静力学拉伸试验和冲击试验。
最后对三种焊接接头进行疲劳试验及数据分析,对疲劳强度较低的焊接接头进行优化设计。
通过对以上几个方面的试验数据分析,获得每种坡口形式焊接接头的各项力学性能及其影响因素。在有限元分析的基础上,对疲劳强度较低的试验件进行不同方法的优化设计,分析对比优化设计前后的试验结果,从而得出不同的优化设计方法对试验件疲劳强度提高的幅度。
A7N01 aluminum alloy is with excellent mechanical properties and formability, it is widely used in the chassis of high-speed rail trains. A study of A7N01 aluminum welded joints was researched in this article, the micro structure and mechanical properties of A7N01 aluminum alloy welded joints were mainly researched. In this paper, three welded joints:V-shaped, V-shaped side and K-shaped were researched mainly from following aspects:
First, make metallographic samples of the three welded joints, then take the macro analysis, micro analysis and hardness analysis of them.
Second, carry out the static tensile test and the impact test of the three welded joints and the body.
Finally, carry out the fatigue test of the three welded joints and analysis the data, then optimize the design to the welded joints which were weak in fatigue strength.
By analysis the data of the above tests, obtained the mechanical properties of each kind of groove of welded joints, and also the factors that influence the mechanical properties can be analyzed. Based on the finite element method, the lower fatigue strength welded joints were optimized by different methods. Then the experiment results were analyzed before and after optimization. Finally the fatigue property of welding joints in different ways of optimization can be obtained.
首先对三种焊接接头进行金相试件的制作,之后对其进行组织的宏观分析、微观分析和硬度分析。
其次对三种焊接接头及母材进行静力学拉伸试验和冲击试验。
最后对三种焊接接头进行疲劳试验及数据分析,对疲劳强度较低的焊接接头进行优化设计。
通过对以上几个方面的试验数据分析,获得每种坡口形式焊接接头的各项力学性能及其影响因素。在有限元分析的基础上,对疲劳强度较低的试验件进行不同方法的优化设计,分析对比优化设计前后的试验结果,从而得出不同的优化设计方法对试验件疲劳强度提高的幅度。
A7N01 aluminum alloy is with excellent mechanical properties and formability, it is widely used in the chassis of high-speed rail trains. A study of A7N01 aluminum welded joints was researched in this article, the micro structure and mechanical properties of A7N01 aluminum alloy welded joints were mainly researched. In this paper, three welded joints:V-shaped, V-shaped side and K-shaped were researched mainly from following aspects:
First, make metallographic samples of the three welded joints, then take the macro analysis, micro analysis and hardness analysis of them.
Second, carry out the static tensile test and the impact test of the three welded joints and the body.
Finally, carry out the fatigue test of the three welded joints and analysis the data, then optimize the design to the welded joints which were weak in fatigue strength.
By analysis the data of the above tests, obtained the mechanical properties of each kind of groove of welded joints, and also the factors that influence the mechanical properties can be analyzed. Based on the finite element method, the lower fatigue strength welded joints were optimized by different methods. Then the experiment results were analyzed before and after optimization. Finally the fatigue property of welding joints in different ways of optimization can be obtained.
引文
[1]铁道知识,北京：铁道知识杂志编辑部,1999,4：26-34
[2]薛华.高速列车用A6N01S和A7N01S铝合金焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率研究.[硕士学位论文]：天津：天津大学,2007：10
[3]潘复生张丁非等编著,铝合金及应用,北京,化学工业出版社2008：136～138
[4]祝伟忠,国产高速列车车体用铝合金型材的生产,山东丛林铝材有限责任公司2007：5～6
[5]钱立新,速度350km/h等级世界高速列车技术,铁道科学研究院2003,2,(4)：1～11
[6]肖亚庆等,铝加工技术手册,冶金工业出版社出版,2005年01月第1版120-123
[7]刘志平,王金金等,CRH3铝合金高速动车组焊接技术,金属加工热加工2010(16)：10-14
[8]张文毓,铝合金焊接技术研究进展,轻金属,2010,11(4)：53～56
[9]陈东高等,中厚度7A05铝合金MIG焊接工艺研究,兵器材料科学与工程,2009,6：55～57
[10]卫宴华,铁路列车车辆用大型铝合金型材配用生产工艺设计、制备和应用,[博士学位论文]：上海：中国科学院上海冶金研究所,2000：5
[11]何小民,铝合金先进焊接工艺,工艺技术与研究,2005,6：32-35
[12]田锡唐,焊接结构,哈尔滨工业大学1982：72-173
[13]姜澜,王炎金,王宇新,高速列车用6005A合金焊接接头组织与性能研究,材料与冶金学报,2002(12)：301～306
[14]王元良,屈金山等.铝合金焊接性能及焊接接头性能,中国有色金属学报,1997,7(1)：69-74.
[15]KuoH C, WuL J.Prediction of heat-afected zone using Grey theory[J], Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002,120:151-168.
[16]水野政夫,铝及其合金的焊接,北京：冶金工业出版社,1985,38-50.
[17]T. Ma, G. denOuden. Softening behaviour of AL-Zn-Mg alloys due to welding [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, A266 (1999):198-204
[18]MARCHIVE D, FAIVER P. Medium2strength extrusion alloys in the 6000series [J]. Light Metal Age,1983, (7):14-18.
[19]MATSUOKA K, KITAMURA S. Proof strength of aluminium alloy 6N01-T5 extrusion butt welded joint [J].Journal of Light Metal
[20]Pinho_da_cruz J A M, Ferreira J A M, Costa J D M, etc. Fatigue analysis of thin AlMgSi Welding joints under constant and variable amplitude block loadings[J] Thin-Waller Structures, 2003,41:389-402.
[21]王元良、张彩英、孙鸿,高速列车用铝合金焊接接头的微区性能,铝加工,1997, (3)：32-36
[22]田福泉,付高峰,周传良等,高速列车车厢用的铝合金板焊接接头的组织与性能,东北大学学报,2006,1(27)：49-52
[23]尹志民,刘静安,7005铝合金型材焊接接头组织与性能,铝加工,2000,4：50-53
[24]屈金山,邓江,车辆用铝合金6061焊接接头性能探讨,西南交通大学学报,1994,29(2)：233～228.
[25]尹志民,张爱琼等,6005A铝合金型材焊接接头组织与性能,轻合金加工技术,2001,29(1)：32-37.
[26]杨尚磊孙文孟立春等,机车车辆A7N01铝合金的MIG焊接,中国机械工程学会,2010,3
[27]W. L. Green, M. F. Hamad and R. B. Mccauley. The effect of porosity on mild steel welds. Weld Res. Suppl. vol.38, no.5,1958, pp.206-9s.
[28]R. P. Newman and T. R. Gurney. Fatigue tests onl/2 in thick transverse butt welds containing slag inclusions-first interim report, Br. weld. J. vol.11, no.11,1964, pp.341-52.
[29]W.O. Dinsdale and J. G. Young. Significance of defects in aluminium fusion welds. Commonwealth welds. Conf. London,1965.
[30]刘杨,A7N01S铝合金焊接接头应力腐蚀及蚀行为的研究,天津大学硕士论文,2007：6
[31]王力军,航空铝合金的冲击韧性研究,[硕士学位论文]：广西,广西大学,2000：505,01
[32]郭红,提高汽车轮毂用铝合金的冲击韧性,[硕士学位论文]：重庆,重庆大学,2006：05,01
[33]王献钧,舰船结构钢的夏比冲击任性与断口形貌,材料开发与应用,1995,(2)：4-5。
[34]刘波,孙广平,杨占魁等,低温钢冲击断口形貌分析.汽车工艺与材料,2004,27(4)：42～45
[35]高镇同,熊峻江,疲劳/断裂可靠性研究现状与展望.机械强度.1995,17(3)：61～80
[36]J. Ruge, G. Drescher. The Cruciform Joint of Special Quality with the Endurance Limit of the Butt Joint of Special Quality. Schw Schn.1985,37(4):149-215
[37]孟广喆：,贾安东,焊接结构强度和断裂,天津,机械工业出版社,1986：48-56
[38]S Daneshpour, M. Kocak and S. Langlade. Effect of Overload on Fatigue Crack Retardation of Aerospace Al-alloy Laser Welds using Crack-tip Plasticity Analysis. International Journal of Fatigue.2009,31 (10):1603-1612
[39]M. Benedetti, V. Fontanari and P. Scardi. Reverse Bending Fatigue of Shot Peened 7075-T651 Aluminum Alloy:The Role of Residual Stress Relaxation. International Journal of Fatigue. 2009,31 (8-9):1225-1236
[40]T.R.格尔内[英],焊接结构的疲劳,北京,机械工业出版社1981：201-220
[41]陈火红,新编Marc有限元实例教程,机械工业出版社2007：1-3.
[42]赵智力,杨建国,刘雪松,低匹配对接接头应力集中系数计算及回归分析,焊接学报,2008,29(7)：109-112
[43]许海生,杨新岐,霍立兴等.铝合金焊接接头疲劳强度试验研究,机械强度学报.2006,28(3)：442～447
[2]薛华.高速列车用A6N01S和A7N01S铝合金焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率研究.[硕士学位论文]：天津：天津大学,2007：10
[3]潘复生张丁非等编著,铝合金及应用,北京,化学工业出版社2008：136～138
[4]祝伟忠,国产高速列车车体用铝合金型材的生产,山东丛林铝材有限责任公司2007：5～6
[5]钱立新,速度350km/h等级世界高速列车技术,铁道科学研究院2003,2,(4)：1～11
[6]肖亚庆等,铝加工技术手册,冶金工业出版社出版,2005年01月第1版120-123
[7]刘志平,王金金等,CRH3铝合金高速动车组焊接技术,金属加工热加工2010(16)：10-14
[8]张文毓,铝合金焊接技术研究进展,轻金属,2010,11(4)：53～56
[9]陈东高等,中厚度7A05铝合金MIG焊接工艺研究,兵器材料科学与工程,2009,6：55～57
[10]卫宴华,铁路列车车辆用大型铝合金型材配用生产工艺设计、制备和应用,[博士学位论文]：上海：中国科学院上海冶金研究所,2000：5
[11]何小民,铝合金先进焊接工艺,工艺技术与研究,2005,6：32-35
[12]田锡唐,焊接结构,哈尔滨工业大学1982：72-173
[13]姜澜,王炎金,王宇新,高速列车用6005A合金焊接接头组织与性能研究,材料与冶金学报,2002(12)：301～306
[14]王元良,屈金山等.铝合金焊接性能及焊接接头性能,中国有色金属学报,1997,7(1)：69-74.
[15]KuoH C, WuL J.Prediction of heat-afected zone using Grey theory[J], Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002,120:151-168.
[16]水野政夫,铝及其合金的焊接,北京：冶金工业出版社,1985,38-50.
[17]T. Ma, G. denOuden. Softening behaviour of AL-Zn-Mg alloys due to welding [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, A266 (1999):198-204
[18]MARCHIVE D, FAIVER P. Medium2strength extrusion alloys in the 6000series [J]. Light Metal Age,1983, (7):14-18.
[19]MATSUOKA K, KITAMURA S. Proof strength of aluminium alloy 6N01-T5 extrusion butt welded joint [J].Journal of Light Metal
[20]Pinho_da_cruz J A M, Ferreira J A M, Costa J D M, etc. Fatigue analysis of thin AlMgSi Welding joints under constant and variable amplitude block loadings[J] Thin-Waller Structures, 2003,41:389-402.
[21]王元良、张彩英、孙鸿,高速列车用铝合金焊接接头的微区性能,铝加工,1997, (3)：32-36
[22]田福泉,付高峰,周传良等,高速列车车厢用的铝合金板焊接接头的组织与性能,东北大学学报,2006,1(27)：49-52
[23]尹志民,刘静安,7005铝合金型材焊接接头组织与性能,铝加工,2000,4：50-53
[24]屈金山,邓江,车辆用铝合金6061焊接接头性能探讨,西南交通大学学报,1994,29(2)：233～228.
[25]尹志民,张爱琼等,6005A铝合金型材焊接接头组织与性能,轻合金加工技术,2001,29(1)：32-37.
[26]杨尚磊孙文孟立春等,机车车辆A7N01铝合金的MIG焊接,中国机械工程学会,2010,3
[27]W. L. Green, M. F. Hamad and R. B. Mccauley. The effect of porosity on mild steel welds. Weld Res. Suppl. vol.38, no.5,1958, pp.206-9s.
[28]R. P. Newman and T. R. Gurney. Fatigue tests onl/2 in thick transverse butt welds containing slag inclusions-first interim report, Br. weld. J. vol.11, no.11,1964, pp.341-52.
[29]W.O. Dinsdale and J. G. Young. Significance of defects in aluminium fusion welds. Commonwealth welds. Conf. London,1965.
[30]刘杨,A7N01S铝合金焊接接头应力腐蚀及蚀行为的研究,天津大学硕士论文,2007：6
[31]王力军,航空铝合金的冲击韧性研究,[硕士学位论文]：广西,广西大学,2000：505,01
[32]郭红,提高汽车轮毂用铝合金的冲击韧性,[硕士学位论文]：重庆,重庆大学,2006：05,01
[33]王献钧,舰船结构钢的夏比冲击任性与断口形貌,材料开发与应用,1995,(2)：4-5。
[34]刘波,孙广平,杨占魁等,低温钢冲击断口形貌分析.汽车工艺与材料,2004,27(4)：42～45
[35]高镇同,熊峻江,疲劳/断裂可靠性研究现状与展望.机械强度.1995,17(3)：61～80
[36]J. Ruge, G. Drescher. The Cruciform Joint of Special Quality with the Endurance Limit of the Butt Joint of Special Quality. Schw Schn.1985,37(4):149-215
[37]孟广喆：,贾安东,焊接结构强度和断裂,天津,机械工业出版社,1986：48-56
[38]S Daneshpour, M. Kocak and S. Langlade. Effect of Overload on Fatigue Crack Retardation of Aerospace Al-alloy Laser Welds using Crack-tip Plasticity Analysis. International Journal of Fatigue.2009,31 (10):1603-1612
[39]M. Benedetti, V. Fontanari and P. Scardi. Reverse Bending Fatigue of Shot Peened 7075-T651 Aluminum Alloy:The Role of Residual Stress Relaxation. International Journal of Fatigue. 2009,31 (8-9):1225-1236
[40]T.R.格尔内[英],焊接结构的疲劳,北京,机械工业出版社1981：201-220
[41]陈火红,新编Marc有限元实例教程,机械工业出版社2007：1-3.
[42]赵智力,杨建国,刘雪松,低匹配对接接头应力集中系数计算及回归分析,焊接学报,2008,29(7)：109-112
[43]许海生,杨新岐,霍立兴等.铝合金焊接接头疲劳强度试验研究,机械强度学报.2006,28(3)：442～447