华南晚二叠世层序—古地理与聚煤规律研究
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摘要
本文利用露头、钻孔岩心、测井等资料对华南晚二叠世含煤岩系进行了沉积学、层序地层学和聚煤作用研究。在区内共识别出砾岩类、砂岩类、化学岩类、泥质岩类和火山碎屑岩类5种岩石大类、25种岩相类型,划分为12种沉积环境类型,其中河流岸后沼泽、三角洲平原分流间湾沼泽和潮坪沼泽为最有利的成煤环境;以区域不整合面、下切谷砂体底部冲刷面、河道间古土壤层及沉积相转换面等为层序界面,将晚二叠世划分为3个三级层序,并建立了等时的层序地层格架,通过分析煤层总厚度在层序格架内各体系域的发育特征,认为在海侵体系域中煤层发育最厚,低位体系域成煤最差;探讨了研究区聚煤作用主要影响因素,认为华南晚二叠世温暖湿润的气候与成煤植物是厚煤层形成的基础,在基底稳定且与古陆距离适中的滨岸带如滇东、黔西、川南及湘中等地区,有利于厚煤层的形成,而同沉积断裂活动是形成厚煤层的另一个重要控制因素,如湘赣桂坳陷地区煤层较厚。最终提出中国南方晚二叠世成煤的综合模式。
Based on outcrops, borehole and well logging data, a series of research workincluding sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation of LatePermian coal-bearing formations in southern China is performed. During the study,5basic types of lithofacies are identified in the study area, which are subdivied into25types of lithofacies, and12types of sedimentary environments are identified. Amongthe identified sedimentary environments, the swamps developed from theinterdistributary bay of the delta plain, and tidal flat are the most advantageouscoal-forming environments. The regional unconformities and erosion surfaces ofincised valley sandstone base are identified as sequence boundaries which divide theLate Permian formation into3third-order sequences.Then, isochronous stratigraphicframework is established.The development characteristics of total thickness of coalseams are analyzed in different system tracts of stratigraphic framework, whichconclude that the thickest coal seams are developed in transgressive system tractwhile the lowstand system tract is identified as the most unfavourable coal-forminglocation.The coal-forming influence factors are identified for the study area. Thepaper proposes an unified model of coal accumulation. The interaction among eustasy,accommodation variation, depositional environment evolution, and coal accumulationare taken in to consideration in the unified model.
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