道路交通事故再现理论模型及方法研究
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摘要
论文依托于国家自然科学基金重点资助项目《城市路网动态交通管理与控制关键理论及其模拟技术研究》子项“道路交通事故快速处理技术研究”和北京市公安交通管理局项目《肇事车辆车速判定研究》,根据作者近六年亲自参与处理的大量重特大交通事故案例,结合国内外事故再现的研究成果,对事故再现理论模型及方法进行了深入而广泛的研究。主要研究内容为:总结了事故再现中常用的力学知识:提出了人体——多散落物——制动拖印多种因素综合计算并反证的再现方法:对汽车撞击摩托车和摩托车撞击汽车两种情况进行了分类计算:分析了各种常见单车事故类型,总结了国内外的单车事故再现方法,并将其分成6种情况和12种方法进行再现计算;首次应用相对速度对车速的大小和方向进行分析再现,将两车碰撞三种速度的计算分成五种类型,并创新性的给出了相对碰撞速度分类计算图表;建立了新的碰撞前后速度分量计算模型,首次实现了正推法和反推法两种计算模式,并能互相验证。在各个研究部分均对实际案例进行再现分析计算,验证了模型的可靠性及方法的有效性。
Traffic safety is not only the important thing of national economy, but also one basic task (safety and expedite) of road management. Recently, the global traffic safety is also gloomy, especially in developing country. The number of our cars occupies 2% of the world, but the death toll of accident is over 10%, number one. The accident's high frequency menaces people's life and influences country economy. So ,we should quest for the correlative rule of accident, to achieve efficiency prevention before accident and quickly disposal after accident by various method. Accident reconstruction just is one primary content of traffic safety microcosmic research.This dissertation combines national science fund item which is key theory and simulation technique of city road traffic management and control, the Peking police bureau item which is The Research on Speed of Accident vehicles and new research production of the world, researches on the method and model of accident reconstruction around speed from a great deal of fearful accident cases within 6 years. The basic contents as follows:(1) The dynamics of accident. Most of the accidents are collision accidents, almost 90%. The moving vehicles give strength to each other when they are impacting. Therefore we need to use knowledge of dynamo to reconstruct accidents. This part summarizes dynamo and kinematics. For the most part, the friction between vehicle, people and road surface, conversation of momentum and energy,vehicle collision theory, plane moving and dynamical equation of bodywork. This part supplies basic theory to all kinds of accident reconstruction.
(2) Reconstruction of passerby accidents. This part summarizes passerby characteristic impacting form and passerby moving, affords manifold reconstruction methods of vehicles speed. On aspect of confirming impact-dot, puts forward method which use passerby-object- brake marks to calculate vehicle speed.(3) Reconstruction of bicycle and motorcycle accidents. This part calculates two kinds of vehicle-motorcycle accidents which are motorcycles face impacting vehicles and vehicles face impacting motorcycles, classifies motorcycles face impacting vehicles into two status, put forward efficiency methods to calculate vehicles speed with total length of brake marks, distance of cycler and the marks of bicycle.(4) Reconstruction of single vehicle accidents. This part divides single vehicle accidents into six state, brake marks, sideslip marks, single vehicle impacting fixed object, single vehicle impacting crashworthy guardrail, single vehicle impacting pillar, single vehicle falling. Putting forward 12 methods to calculate vehicles speed corresponding with their characteristics.(5) One-dimension reconstruction of two-vehicle accidents. This part studies and summarizes the reconstruction method of one-dimension face collision and one -imension afterbody collision, uses elasticity renew quotiety and distortion to calculate vehicles speed for one-dimension face collision, uses distortion to calculate vehicles speed for one-dimension afterbody collision.(6) Two-dimension reconstruction of two-vehicle accidents. This part is the most important content of dissertation because of complexity of two-vehicle accidents. Fist , compares inland accident reconstruction model with overseas, point out the lack and development of our models. Secondly, researched on the theory and practice of two-vehicle opposite-centroid collision and two-vehicle deflection-centroid collision, proves that all kinds of complex two-dimension collision can transform into one-dimension collision with theory analysis, introduces k, μ , momentum and momentum quadrature to establish vehicle speed
Traffic safety is not only the important thing of national economy, but also one basic task (safety and expedite) of road management. Recently, the global traffic safety is also gloomy, especially in developing country. The number of our cars occupies 2% of the world, but the death toll of accident is over 10%, number one. The accident's high frequency menaces people's life and influences country economy. So ,we should quest for the correlative rule of accident, to achieve efficiency prevention before accident and quickly disposal after accident by various method. Accident reconstruction just is one primary content of traffic safety microcosmic research.This dissertation combines national science fund item which is key theory and simulation technique of city road traffic management and control, the Peking police bureau item which is The Research on Speed of Accident vehicles and new research production of the world, researches on the method and model of accident reconstruction around speed from a great deal of fearful accident cases within 6 years. The basic contents as follows:(1) The dynamics of accident. Most of the accidents are collision accidents, almost 90%. The moving vehicles give strength to each other when they are impacting. Therefore we need to use knowledge of dynamo to reconstruct accidents. This part summarizes dynamo and kinematics. For the most part, the friction between vehicle, people and road surface, conversation of momentum and energy,vehicle collision theory, plane moving and dynamical equation of bodywork. This part supplies basic theory to all kinds of accident reconstruction.
(2) Reconstruction of passerby accidents. This part summarizes passerby characteristic impacting form and passerby moving, affords manifold reconstruction methods of vehicles speed. On aspect of confirming impact-dot, puts forward method which use passerby-object- brake marks to calculate vehicle speed.(3) Reconstruction of bicycle and motorcycle accidents. This part calculates two kinds of vehicle-motorcycle accidents which are motorcycles face impacting vehicles and vehicles face impacting motorcycles, classifies motorcycles face impacting vehicles into two status, put forward efficiency methods to calculate vehicles speed with total length of brake marks, distance of cycler and the marks of bicycle.(4) Reconstruction of single vehicle accidents. This part divides single vehicle accidents into six state, brake marks, sideslip marks, single vehicle impacting fixed object, single vehicle impacting crashworthy guardrail, single vehicle impacting pillar, single vehicle falling. Putting forward 12 methods to calculate vehicles speed corresponding with their characteristics.(5) One-dimension reconstruction of two-vehicle accidents. This part studies and summarizes the reconstruction method of one-dimension face collision and one -imension afterbody collision, uses elasticity renew quotiety and distortion to calculate vehicles speed for one-dimension face collision, uses distortion to calculate vehicles speed for one-dimension afterbody collision.(6) Two-dimension reconstruction of two-vehicle accidents. This part is the most important content of dissertation because of complexity of two-vehicle accidents. Fist , compares inland accident reconstruction model with overseas, point out the lack and development of our models. Secondly, researched on the theory and practice of two-vehicle opposite-centroid collision and two-vehicle deflection-centroid collision, proves that all kinds of complex two-dimension collision can transform into one-dimension collision with theory analysis, introduces k, μ , momentum and momentum quadrature to establish vehicle speed
引文
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