CTAB的降解及其微污染水体的修复研究
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摘要
CTAB的降解及其微污染水体的修复研究摘要
随着工业的发展,表面活性剂的消耗量急剧增加,导致表面活性剂废水大量进入到环境中,给生态环境带来严重的污染和危害。在表面活性剂中季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂毒性最大,对微生物有强烈的抑制作用,在环境中不易生物降解,同时还可以抑制其它污染物的降解,因此研究季铵盐表面活性剂的降解有着重要的意义。
本课题研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在不同方法下的降解。
首先,探讨了Fenton氧化法降解水体中的CTAB的影响因素。研究当CTAB浓度为20mg·L~(-1)时, Fenton法降解CTAB的最佳工艺条件为:H_2O_2用量在8mg·L~(-1)时,溶液pH为3.5,Fe~(2+)质量浓度20mg·L~(-1)。在降解产物中有CHOOH生成。在H_2O_2用量较低时,Fenton氧化法无法对CTAB最终矿化。
然后,探讨了高压汞灯紫外光(UV)/Fe~(3+)对CTAB的光降解过程,发现UV/Fe~(3+)降解CTAB符合一级动力学规律。降解过程受反应温度,质量浓度,溶液pH值影响。25℃时,在溶液pH为3.0-3.5,降解速率常数k随/Fe~(3+)浓度增大而增大,在Fe~(3+)浓度为7mg·L~(-1)时达到最大。在降解产物中可以检出CHOO~-,CH_3COO~-,CH_3CH_2COO~-,在时间足够长时UV/Fe~(3+)处理可以使CTAB彻底降解。
最后,研究了CTAB在模拟海水和赤潮环境的降解。CTAB在无光海水中水解较为缓慢,25℃时18d降解率仅达2.25%;40℃时为18.25%。在光的作用下CTAB降解速率明显加快,25℃时,18d降解率可达32.9%,40℃时为45.8%。在模拟赤潮环境中,CTAB可以快速降解。当投加量为40mg·L~(-1)时,经过72小时后,水体中无检出CTAB。
Consumption of surfactant increase greatly as the development of industry, large amount of surfactant polluted water was disposal in the environment,results in contanmination and potential risk.Cationic surfactant such as quaternary ammonium salt is toxic persistent organic pollutants, it's able to inhitit the degradation of other contamination.As as result, researh on the degradation has important significance.
In this thesis, the degradation of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) by different method was studies.
First, degradation of CTAB by Fenton process was studied. influencing factors such as, dosage of H_2O_2, pH value,concentration of Fe~(2+) were also investigated. The optimal conditions when the concentration of CTAB is 20mg·L~(-1) were as follows: H_2O_2 dosage 8 mg·L~(-1), Fe~(2+)20 mg·L~(-1),pH value 3.5. CHOOH was detected in the degradation product.Under the optimal condition, CTAB was primary but not finaley degradated becouse of low H_2O_2 dosage.
Second, degradation of CTAB by Fe~(3+)/UV photocatalysis was studied. Results shown that the degradation of CTAB by Fe~(3+)/UV photocatalysis was psedo-first order kineitc.The first order reaction rate constant k was influenced by Fe~(3+),CTAB concentration, pH, temperature and other ions the solution, vared from0-0.18 min~(-1)when the initial of CTAB was 20 mg·L~(-1) and temperature is 25℃.when is concentration of Fe~(3+) is 7 mg·L~(-1), k reached the maxmum, and decreased when the concentration of Fe~(3+) above 7 mg·L~(-1).CHOO~-,CH_3COO~-,CH_3CH_2COO~-, NO_2~- was detected in the degradation produts by IC ion chromatography, assumed degradation passway was discussed based on the products.CTAB can be finally degradation in a certain reaction time.
Finaly, degradation of CTAB in sea water and simulated red tide was studied, the hydrolysis of CTAB in dark sea water under processed slowly,at 25℃and 40℃percent hydrolysis reached only 2.25 and 18.25, respectively. With exsit of light, under the above conditaion percent hydrolysis reached 32.8% and 45.8%, respectively.In the simulated red tide environment, CTAB was able to degradate rapidly, when the dosage of CTAB was 40 mg·L~(-1), no CTAB was detected in 72h, which means CTAB is an efficiential and easy-degradated algaecide.
随着工业的发展,表面活性剂的消耗量急剧增加,导致表面活性剂废水大量进入到环境中,给生态环境带来严重的污染和危害。在表面活性剂中季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂毒性最大,对微生物有强烈的抑制作用,在环境中不易生物降解,同时还可以抑制其它污染物的降解,因此研究季铵盐表面活性剂的降解有着重要的意义。
本课题研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在不同方法下的降解。
首先,探讨了Fenton氧化法降解水体中的CTAB的影响因素。研究当CTAB浓度为20mg·L~(-1)时, Fenton法降解CTAB的最佳工艺条件为:H_2O_2用量在8mg·L~(-1)时,溶液pH为3.5,Fe~(2+)质量浓度20mg·L~(-1)。在降解产物中有CHOOH生成。在H_2O_2用量较低时,Fenton氧化法无法对CTAB最终矿化。
然后,探讨了高压汞灯紫外光(UV)/Fe~(3+)对CTAB的光降解过程,发现UV/Fe~(3+)降解CTAB符合一级动力学规律。降解过程受反应温度,质量浓度,溶液pH值影响。25℃时,在溶液pH为3.0-3.5,降解速率常数k随/Fe~(3+)浓度增大而增大,在Fe~(3+)浓度为7mg·L~(-1)时达到最大。在降解产物中可以检出CHOO~-,CH_3COO~-,CH_3CH_2COO~-,在时间足够长时UV/Fe~(3+)处理可以使CTAB彻底降解。
最后,研究了CTAB在模拟海水和赤潮环境的降解。CTAB在无光海水中水解较为缓慢,25℃时18d降解率仅达2.25%;40℃时为18.25%。在光的作用下CTAB降解速率明显加快,25℃时,18d降解率可达32.9%,40℃时为45.8%。在模拟赤潮环境中,CTAB可以快速降解。当投加量为40mg·L~(-1)时,经过72小时后,水体中无检出CTAB。
Consumption of surfactant increase greatly as the development of industry, large amount of surfactant polluted water was disposal in the environment,results in contanmination and potential risk.Cationic surfactant such as quaternary ammonium salt is toxic persistent organic pollutants, it's able to inhitit the degradation of other contamination.As as result, researh on the degradation has important significance.
In this thesis, the degradation of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) by different method was studies.
First, degradation of CTAB by Fenton process was studied. influencing factors such as, dosage of H_2O_2, pH value,concentration of Fe~(2+) were also investigated. The optimal conditions when the concentration of CTAB is 20mg·L~(-1) were as follows: H_2O_2 dosage 8 mg·L~(-1), Fe~(2+)20 mg·L~(-1),pH value 3.5. CHOOH was detected in the degradation product.Under the optimal condition, CTAB was primary but not finaley degradated becouse of low H_2O_2 dosage.
Second, degradation of CTAB by Fe~(3+)/UV photocatalysis was studied. Results shown that the degradation of CTAB by Fe~(3+)/UV photocatalysis was psedo-first order kineitc.The first order reaction rate constant k was influenced by Fe~(3+),CTAB concentration, pH, temperature and other ions the solution, vared from0-0.18 min~(-1)when the initial of CTAB was 20 mg·L~(-1) and temperature is 25℃.when is concentration of Fe~(3+) is 7 mg·L~(-1), k reached the maxmum, and decreased when the concentration of Fe~(3+) above 7 mg·L~(-1).CHOO~-,CH_3COO~-,CH_3CH_2COO~-, NO_2~- was detected in the degradation produts by IC ion chromatography, assumed degradation passway was discussed based on the products.CTAB can be finally degradation in a certain reaction time.
Finaly, degradation of CTAB in sea water and simulated red tide was studied, the hydrolysis of CTAB in dark sea water under processed slowly,at 25℃and 40℃percent hydrolysis reached only 2.25 and 18.25, respectively. With exsit of light, under the above conditaion percent hydrolysis reached 32.8% and 45.8%, respectively.In the simulated red tide environment, CTAB was able to degradate rapidly, when the dosage of CTAB was 40 mg·L~(-1), no CTAB was detected in 72h, which means CTAB is an efficiential and easy-degradated algaecide.
引文
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[2] 徐立红,陈加平.用水毒理学方法评价家用洗涤剂的潜在危害[J].中国环境科学,2000,20(5):396-399
[3] 罗希权.006年全国表面活性剂及其原料产销量情况浅析[J].中国洗涤用品工业,2007,3:21-24
[4] 张昌辉,谢瑜,徐旋.表面活性剂在纺织工业中的应用及发展[J].日用化学品科学,2008,31(1):19-23
[5] 赵成英,王利民.表面活性剂在制药工业中的应用[J].日用化学工业,2007,37(6):289-293
[6] 冯建国,路福,绥李伟等.表面活性剂在农药水悬浮剂中的应用[J].中国农药,2009,3:38-35
[7] 吴萍,俞志明,宋秀贤.烷基多糖苷季铵盐改性粘土治理赤潮研究[J]环境科学,2006,27(11):2614-2619
[8] 曹西华,俞志明.季铵盐类化合物灭杀赤潮异弯藻的实验研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2003,34(2):201-208
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