摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地西部中区延长组下部是近两年来发现的勘探新层系,油藏具有上生下储的成藏特征。前人对该区的研究多集中在沉积方面,对成藏机理及成藏主控因素等方面研究甚少。这些问题的解决不仅对勘探生产具有指导意义,同时也具有重要的学术意义。通过轻、重矿物、岩屑组合及古流向分析,研究区主要受来自阿拉善古陆方向的西北沉积体系控制。通过野外露头、岩心、测井等方面的分析,长9主要为三角洲沉积,局部发育半深湖亚相。长8发育浅水三角洲沉积,受湖岸线摆动的控制,长8砂体分布具有顺河道方向局部厚层砂体呈坨状分布,切河道方向坨状厚砂围绕湖盆呈环带状展布的特征,提出了浅水三角洲砂体分布具“湖岸线控砂”规律。
后期成岩作用是改变长8储层物性的主要因素,其中铁方解石胶结导致储层物性变差;绿泥石膜发育形成局部高渗储层。通过研究在研究区划分出三种成岩相带。其中,绿泥石膜+高岭石胶结是最有利的成岩相带,绿泥石膜+铁方解石胶结是次有利的成岩相带。
晚三叠世湖盆西北部长7生烃作用产生的异常高压是石油向下运移的主要动力。研究表明早白垩世延长组长7、长8期发育的低压区或相对低压区是石油运移的有利指向,利于油藏的形成。根据异常压力、流体压裂缝、沸腾包裹体及包裹体均一温度等方面的分析,鄂尔多斯盆地西部中区长8、长9油藏具有“幕式充注、连续成藏”的特征,两者属同一个成藏组合,即源下成藏组合。鄂尔多斯盆地西部中区延长组下组合主要发育四种成藏类型:储层与烃源岩直接接触成藏、通过叠置渗砂体运聚成藏、通过流体压裂缝运聚成藏、油气通过叠置渗砂体和流体压裂缝运聚成藏。
鄂尔多斯盆地西部中区延长组下部油藏形成及分布主要受“近源、低压、优相”三大主要因素控制。并根据这一规律在研究区长8优选出7个勘探有利目标区。
The lower Yanchang formation was a new exploration area in the middle of the west Ordos basin. The reservoirs were the injection migration type, but the oil reservoir forming mechanism and its main controlling factors were unclear. The solution of the problems not only direct to the oil exploration but also with scientific meanings.
The research area sedimentary was controlled by the northwest sedimentary system which came from Alasan according to the light, heavy minerals, detritus assembles and the paleo-flow directions. The Chang9 oil set mainly developed delta sedimentary and semi-deep lake facies according to the outcrops, cores, well loggings data et al. The Chang 8 oil set developed shallow water delta and the sands were controlled by the palace of the lake strandline. The sand of Chang8 oil set with the characters of local thick sands pod distributed along the river and ringed distributed crosscut the river. The sands distributed characters were controlled by the position of the lake strandlines, that were lake strandline control sands.
The late digenesis was the main factor which controlled the reservoir qualities. Ferroan calcite cement led the reservoir poor and the chlorite velum developed formed local high quality reservoirs. Three diagenetic facies were divided after research. The chlorite velum+ kaolinite cement was the best diagenetic facies and the chlorite velum+ ferroan calcite cement was the super best diagenetic facies.
The high-class source rock of Chang7 in Ordos Basin increasing pressure action from hydrocarbon generation expanding which was the main dynamic force for the oil migration down to the lower reservoirs. The lower pressure area or the relative lower pressure areas were the favorite areas for the oil accumulation. The Chang8 and Chang9 reservoirs were the same play that was under source play with the "continuous accumulation, episodic charging" characters according to the over pressure, hydraulic fracturing, boiling oil and gas inclusions, homogenization temperature analyzed. There are four oil accumulation types in the research area, that were reservoir contact the source directory style, from the hydraulic fractures accumulation style, from the penetrative sands accumulation style and the from the hydraulic fractures penetrative sands accumulation style.
The reservoirs formation and distribution were controlled bye the "near source , lower pressure, fine facies" factors of the lower Yanchang formation in the middle of the west Ordos basin and 7 targets were deleted in Chang8 oil set.
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