鹅Myostatin基因单核苷酸多态性与生产性能相关的研究
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摘要
肌肉生长抑制素是控制骨骼肌生长发育的重要细胞因子。本研究采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序的方法检测了Myostatin基因的单核苷酸多态性，并对浙东白鹅、五龙鹅、扬州鹅、朗德鹅、莱茵鹅、豁眼鹅、吉林农大白鹅、狮头鹅、皖西白鹅、籽鹅等不同鹅品种(品系)单核苷酸多态性进行了群体遗传分析。同时利用狮头鹅、皖西白鹅、籽鹅对Myostatin基因基因型与1～11周龄体重、屠体重、全净膛重、半净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重等性状进行了关联分析。结果如下：
(1)在检验的12对Myostatin基因的引物中，我们发现4对引物的扩增片段具有多态性，分别为启动子区域760bp处的T-G，542bp处的C-T，498bp处的A-C的突变，内含子1的1632bp处的A-G的突变。
(2)不同鹅品种(品系)群体遗传学分析表明，启动子区域引物P3扩增片段多态性位点在各群体中等位基因A的频率均高于等位基因B，且基因频率均高于0.77，表现为优势基因。引物P4扩增片段多态性位点在扬州鹅、朗德鹅、狮头鹅群体中等位基因D的频率均高于等位基因C的频率，等位基因D的频率分别为0.6250、0.5488、0.6474，而在其余群体中均表现为等位基因C的频率高于等位基因D的频率。因此我们可以推测等位基因D可能与肌肉生长有关，其结果需进一步验证。引物P5、P11扩增片段多态性位点在各群体中的等位基因频率分别表现为等位基因E均高于等位基因F的频率，等位基因J的频率均高于等位基因K的频率。
(3)对MSTN基因的不同基因型与皖西白鹅、籽鹅、狮头鹅检测个体的生产性能进行最小二乘分析结果表明：在P3位点上狮头鹅1周龄、6周龄、8周龄、9周龄、10周龄、11周龄体重，具有BB型的个体体重显著高于AB型个体的体重(P＜0.05)，具有BB型个体的屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重显著高于AB型和AA型，在皖西白鹅群体中的P3位点不同基因型BB型显著高于AB型和AA型。在P4位点上，在狮头鹅群体中的具有DD型的个体各周龄体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重显著高于CC型和CD型(P＜0.05)；在皖西白鹅群体中具有CC型的个体3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11周龄体重显著高于CD型(P＜0.05)，具有CC型个体的屠体重、胸肌重、腿肌重显著高于DD型(P＜0.05)；在籽鹅群体中具有CC型的个体的屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重显著高于DD型(P＜0.05)。在P5位点上，在狮头鹅群体中的具有EE型个体的3、4、5、6周龄体重显著高于EF型和FF型(P0.05)，具有EF型个体的屠体重、半净膛重、腿肌重、全净膛重、胸肌重显著高于FF型(P＜0.05)；在皖西白鹅群体中的具有EE型个体11周龄体重显著高于FF型(P＜0.05)，具有FF型个体的屠体重、胸肌重、腿肌重显著高于EF型(P＜0.05)。
Myostatin is a new member of the TGF-βsuper family. It is specifically expressedin skeletal muscle cells and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth.This study was designed and aimed to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of myostatin gene by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing in various breedsincluding Zhedong White geese, Wulong geese, Yangzhou geese, Landish geese, Rheinegeese, Huo geese, Jilin White geese, Shitou geese, Wanxi White geese, Zi geese etc, andmade the analysis of the relationship between myostatin and the traits of the weight of1～11weeks geese, body weight, carcass weight, eviscerated weight, half-evisceratedweight, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight. The results are as the following:
(1) The 12 pairs of primers for myostatin gene were designed. Four SNPs wereidentified in the geese myostatin gene by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. The fourSNPs found in the promoter region of the myostatin gene were respectively, T to G(760bp), C to T (542bp), A to C (498bp) and the first intron region A to G (1632bp).(2) Population genetic analysis indicated that genotype frequency of allele A (P3) inpromoter region was higher than that of allele B, and the frequency is over 0.77,whichhas a advantage over other genotypes. Frequency of allele D (P4) among Yangzhougeese, Landish geese, and Shitou geese was higher than that of allele C, and thefrequency of allele D are respectively 0.6250, 0.5488 and 0.6474 among the threebreeds, but on the contrary in other breeds it represented that frequency of allele C ishigher than that of allele D. So it can be presumed that allele may be related to thegrowth. The presumption should get further validated. Genotype frequency of allele E of primer P5 is higher than that of allele F in all breeds, and frequency of allele J ofprimer P11 is higher than that of allele K.
(3) Association of goose myostatin gene SNPs and production traits were analysised,the results indicated that the weight of BB geese of P3 was notably larger than the oneof AB geese in the experiment conducted among the Shitou geese at the age of oneweek, six weeks, eight weeks, nine weeks, ten weeks, and eleven weeks (P＜0.05), andthe body weight, carcass weight, eviscerated weight, half-eviscerated weight, breastmuscle weight, leg muscle weight of the BB geese also were much larger than the ABgeese and AA geese, and the genotype BB of Wanxi white geese of P3 was notablylarger than the genotype AB and AA. In addition, the weight of DD geese of Shitougeese of P4 is much larger than those in CC geese and CD geese in body weight, carcassweight, eviscerated weight, half-eviscerated weight, breast muscle weight, leg muscleweight (P＜0.05). The weight of CC geese was notably larger than the one of CD geeseamong the Wanxi geese at the age of three weeks, four weeks, five weeks, six weeks,seven weeks, eight weeks, nine weeks, ten weeks, eleven weeks (P＜0.05), and theweight of CC geese in carcass, breast muscle, leg muscle was also larger than DD geese(P＜0.05). Moreover, among the Zi geese, the carcass weight, eviscerated weight,half-eviscerated weight of CC geese is also larger than DD geese (P＜0.05).The weightof EE Shitou geese of P5 is larger than that of EF and FF ones at the age of three weeks,four weeks, five weeks and six weeks(P＜0.05), and the carcass weight, evisceratedweight, half-eviscerated weight, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight of EF geese isalso larger than FF geese (P＜0.05). In Wanxi white geese, the weight of EE geese islarger than EF ones at the age of eleven weeks(P＜0.05), and the carcass weight, thebreast muscle weight, the leg muscle weight of FF geese is notably larger than EF ones(P＜0.05).
(1)在检验的12对Myostatin基因的引物中，我们发现4对引物的扩增片段具有多态性，分别为启动子区域760bp处的T-G，542bp处的C-T，498bp处的A-C的突变，内含子1的1632bp处的A-G的突变。
(2)不同鹅品种(品系)群体遗传学分析表明，启动子区域引物P3扩增片段多态性位点在各群体中等位基因A的频率均高于等位基因B，且基因频率均高于0.77，表现为优势基因。引物P4扩增片段多态性位点在扬州鹅、朗德鹅、狮头鹅群体中等位基因D的频率均高于等位基因C的频率，等位基因D的频率分别为0.6250、0.5488、0.6474，而在其余群体中均表现为等位基因C的频率高于等位基因D的频率。因此我们可以推测等位基因D可能与肌肉生长有关，其结果需进一步验证。引物P5、P11扩增片段多态性位点在各群体中的等位基因频率分别表现为等位基因E均高于等位基因F的频率，等位基因J的频率均高于等位基因K的频率。
(3)对MSTN基因的不同基因型与皖西白鹅、籽鹅、狮头鹅检测个体的生产性能进行最小二乘分析结果表明：在P3位点上狮头鹅1周龄、6周龄、8周龄、9周龄、10周龄、11周龄体重，具有BB型的个体体重显著高于AB型个体的体重(P＜0.05)，具有BB型个体的屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重显著高于AB型和AA型，在皖西白鹅群体中的P3位点不同基因型BB型显著高于AB型和AA型。在P4位点上，在狮头鹅群体中的具有DD型的个体各周龄体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重显著高于CC型和CD型(P＜0.05)；在皖西白鹅群体中具有CC型的个体3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11周龄体重显著高于CD型(P＜0.05)，具有CC型个体的屠体重、胸肌重、腿肌重显著高于DD型(P＜0.05)；在籽鹅群体中具有CC型的个体的屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重显著高于DD型(P＜0.05)。在P5位点上，在狮头鹅群体中的具有EE型个体的3、4、5、6周龄体重显著高于EF型和FF型(P0.05)，具有EF型个体的屠体重、半净膛重、腿肌重、全净膛重、胸肌重显著高于FF型(P＜0.05)；在皖西白鹅群体中的具有EE型个体11周龄体重显著高于FF型(P＜0.05)，具有FF型个体的屠体重、胸肌重、腿肌重显著高于EF型(P＜0.05)。
Myostatin is a new member of the TGF-βsuper family. It is specifically expressedin skeletal muscle cells and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth.This study was designed and aimed to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of myostatin gene by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing in various breedsincluding Zhedong White geese, Wulong geese, Yangzhou geese, Landish geese, Rheinegeese, Huo geese, Jilin White geese, Shitou geese, Wanxi White geese, Zi geese etc, andmade the analysis of the relationship between myostatin and the traits of the weight of1～11weeks geese, body weight, carcass weight, eviscerated weight, half-evisceratedweight, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight. The results are as the following:
(1) The 12 pairs of primers for myostatin gene were designed. Four SNPs wereidentified in the geese myostatin gene by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. The fourSNPs found in the promoter region of the myostatin gene were respectively, T to G(760bp), C to T (542bp), A to C (498bp) and the first intron region A to G (1632bp).(2) Population genetic analysis indicated that genotype frequency of allele A (P3) inpromoter region was higher than that of allele B, and the frequency is over 0.77,whichhas a advantage over other genotypes. Frequency of allele D (P4) among Yangzhougeese, Landish geese, and Shitou geese was higher than that of allele C, and thefrequency of allele D are respectively 0.6250, 0.5488 and 0.6474 among the threebreeds, but on the contrary in other breeds it represented that frequency of allele C ishigher than that of allele D. So it can be presumed that allele may be related to thegrowth. The presumption should get further validated. Genotype frequency of allele E of primer P5 is higher than that of allele F in all breeds, and frequency of allele J ofprimer P11 is higher than that of allele K.
(3) Association of goose myostatin gene SNPs and production traits were analysised,the results indicated that the weight of BB geese of P3 was notably larger than the oneof AB geese in the experiment conducted among the Shitou geese at the age of oneweek, six weeks, eight weeks, nine weeks, ten weeks, and eleven weeks (P＜0.05), andthe body weight, carcass weight, eviscerated weight, half-eviscerated weight, breastmuscle weight, leg muscle weight of the BB geese also were much larger than the ABgeese and AA geese, and the genotype BB of Wanxi white geese of P3 was notablylarger than the genotype AB and AA. In addition, the weight of DD geese of Shitougeese of P4 is much larger than those in CC geese and CD geese in body weight, carcassweight, eviscerated weight, half-eviscerated weight, breast muscle weight, leg muscleweight (P＜0.05). The weight of CC geese was notably larger than the one of CD geeseamong the Wanxi geese at the age of three weeks, four weeks, five weeks, six weeks,seven weeks, eight weeks, nine weeks, ten weeks, eleven weeks (P＜0.05), and theweight of CC geese in carcass, breast muscle, leg muscle was also larger than DD geese(P＜0.05). Moreover, among the Zi geese, the carcass weight, eviscerated weight,half-eviscerated weight of CC geese is also larger than DD geese (P＜0.05).The weightof EE Shitou geese of P5 is larger than that of EF and FF ones at the age of three weeks,four weeks, five weeks and six weeks(P＜0.05), and the carcass weight, evisceratedweight, half-eviscerated weight, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight of EF geese isalso larger than FF geese (P＜0.05). In Wanxi white geese, the weight of EE geese islarger than EF ones at the age of eleven weeks(P＜0.05), and the carcass weight, thebreast muscle weight, the leg muscle weight of FF geese is notably larger than EF ones(P＜0.05).
引文
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