便携式车辆CAN分析仪设计
摘要
随着汽车工业的发展,CAN总线技术在车载网络中得到越来越广泛的应用,它已经成为车辆局域网的国际标准。SAEJ1939协议目前汽车电子网络中应用最广泛的应用层协议之一,它是基于CAN协议的一种高层协议。国外的汽车ECU产品大都带有J1939通信接口,国内汽车电子厂商也在积极开发符合J1939协议标准的ECU产品。在开发、调试以及维护J1939网络产品时对整车网络和ECU部件进行协议分析、故障诊断和总线监测更显得尤为重要。因此需要一种基于SAE J1939协议的CAN分析仪来实现这些功能,完成对车辆CAN总线网络上的数据含义、错误状态、网络负载和高层协议等进行分析和处理。
本文首先对国内外CAN总线分析仪的研究现状做了分析,然后阐述了本文的主要工作和结构,结合国内外同类产品的设计思想、设计特点及技术经验,对便携式CAN分析仪的研究与设计进行了讨论。主要从以下几个方面进行了论述:首先,硬件设计以S3C2410核心板为基础,进行了LCD、触摸屏、CAN通信等模块的电路设计,使系统能满足便携、稳定的需求;系统软件设计方面移植uC/OS-Ⅱ多任务实时操作系统,比传统的前后台系统反应迅速,多任务的调度可以实现更复杂的系统;移植了专为嵌入式应用软件设计的通用图形软件库uC/GUI,它简洁高效,并且提供了丰富的图形开发接口,使得开发复杂、功能强大图形界面变得更为方便;并且进行了LCD驱动、CAN驱动以及触摸屏驱动的开发,为上层CAN分析功能软件的开发提供基础和软件接口;进行了基于SAEJ1939协议的车辆CAN网络分析,本设计目前主要完成了车辆发动机各个模块的分析,并用uC/GUI设计了支持触摸屏操作的界面来显示用户所查询模块的分析数据和分析结果;最后,对便携式车辆CAN分析仪进行了总结,指出该设计的优缺点,并对未来所需要做的工作提出展望。
本设计支持SAE J1939高层协议,使得CAN分析仪分析结果更加有针对性;对车辆CAN网络数据的分析处理、结果显示均在嵌入式系统完成,通过数据和图表形式展现给用户,直观明了;而且系统支持触摸屏操作,使用方便。
With the development of the automobile industry, CAN bus technology in the automotive network has been widely used increasingly and it has become the international standard of vehicle local area network. SAE J1939 protocol is one of most widely used application layer protocol in automotive electronic network at present and it's also a higher layer protocol based on CAN bus. At present,most of foreign vehicle ECU products have J1939 communication interface and electronics manufacturers are actively developing ECU products with J1939 protocol in domestic market. In the development of the CAN bus and vehicles fault diagnosis, the developers need a CAN bus analyzer to this powerful tool for CAN network monitoring, maintenance and analysis.
This paper firstly introduced the development status of CAN bus analyzer at home and abroad,then described the main work and structure of this paper. This system researched and analysised the portable CAN bus analyzer combining with the design idea、design features and design experience of similar products. This paper mainly focusesed on the follow aspects as below: first, the hardware platform was based on ARM9 S3C2410 and supported the LCD, touch screen, CAN communications module. The system can afford the portable, stable demand. Transplanted uC/OS-II real-time multi-tasking operating system as the System software. It has higher real-time character than the tranditional foreground/background system and multi-task scheduling ability can provide the requirement of complex system in high standard; then transplanted embedded graphic users interface-uC/GUI. It's effective, reliable and expandable and provide a wealth of graphical development interface. Based on the features of uC/GUI, developers can develop complex, powerful graphical interface more convenient. Developed the LCD driver, CAN bus driver and touch screen driver, and provide the physical layer interface function for the development of application software. Analysised vehicles CAN network based on the SAE J1939 protocol, and designed the interface for user to query the required analysis of data and analysis results with the operation of touch screen. At last, it summarized the development process of CAN bus analyzer and indicated the advantages and disadvantages of the system, then expected the work to do in the prospects.
This design supported the heigher protocol SAE J1939,and made the analysis results have more pertinence. The analysis and treatment to vehicle network data have been completed in the embedded system. The result was simple and clear being displayed to user as data and graphs. The system also supported touch screen operation and was easy to use.
本文首先对国内外CAN总线分析仪的研究现状做了分析,然后阐述了本文的主要工作和结构,结合国内外同类产品的设计思想、设计特点及技术经验,对便携式CAN分析仪的研究与设计进行了讨论。主要从以下几个方面进行了论述:首先,硬件设计以S3C2410核心板为基础,进行了LCD、触摸屏、CAN通信等模块的电路设计,使系统能满足便携、稳定的需求;系统软件设计方面移植uC/OS-Ⅱ多任务实时操作系统,比传统的前后台系统反应迅速,多任务的调度可以实现更复杂的系统;移植了专为嵌入式应用软件设计的通用图形软件库uC/GUI,它简洁高效,并且提供了丰富的图形开发接口,使得开发复杂、功能强大图形界面变得更为方便;并且进行了LCD驱动、CAN驱动以及触摸屏驱动的开发,为上层CAN分析功能软件的开发提供基础和软件接口;进行了基于SAEJ1939协议的车辆CAN网络分析,本设计目前主要完成了车辆发动机各个模块的分析,并用uC/GUI设计了支持触摸屏操作的界面来显示用户所查询模块的分析数据和分析结果;最后,对便携式车辆CAN分析仪进行了总结,指出该设计的优缺点,并对未来所需要做的工作提出展望。
本设计支持SAE J1939高层协议,使得CAN分析仪分析结果更加有针对性;对车辆CAN网络数据的分析处理、结果显示均在嵌入式系统完成,通过数据和图表形式展现给用户,直观明了;而且系统支持触摸屏操作,使用方便。
With the development of the automobile industry, CAN bus technology in the automotive network has been widely used increasingly and it has become the international standard of vehicle local area network. SAE J1939 protocol is one of most widely used application layer protocol in automotive electronic network at present and it's also a higher layer protocol based on CAN bus. At present,most of foreign vehicle ECU products have J1939 communication interface and electronics manufacturers are actively developing ECU products with J1939 protocol in domestic market. In the development of the CAN bus and vehicles fault diagnosis, the developers need a CAN bus analyzer to this powerful tool for CAN network monitoring, maintenance and analysis.
This paper firstly introduced the development status of CAN bus analyzer at home and abroad,then described the main work and structure of this paper. This system researched and analysised the portable CAN bus analyzer combining with the design idea、design features and design experience of similar products. This paper mainly focusesed on the follow aspects as below: first, the hardware platform was based on ARM9 S3C2410 and supported the LCD, touch screen, CAN communications module. The system can afford the portable, stable demand. Transplanted uC/OS-II real-time multi-tasking operating system as the System software. It has higher real-time character than the tranditional foreground/background system and multi-task scheduling ability can provide the requirement of complex system in high standard; then transplanted embedded graphic users interface-uC/GUI. It's effective, reliable and expandable and provide a wealth of graphical development interface. Based on the features of uC/GUI, developers can develop complex, powerful graphical interface more convenient. Developed the LCD driver, CAN bus driver and touch screen driver, and provide the physical layer interface function for the development of application software. Analysised vehicles CAN network based on the SAE J1939 protocol, and designed the interface for user to query the required analysis of data and analysis results with the operation of touch screen. At last, it summarized the development process of CAN bus analyzer and indicated the advantages and disadvantages of the system, then expected the work to do in the prospects.
This design supported the heigher protocol SAE J1939,and made the analysis results have more pertinence. The analysis and treatment to vehicle network data have been completed in the embedded system. The result was simple and clear being displayed to user as data and graphs. The system also supported touch screen operation and was easy to use.
引文
[1]王亚宁,董小瑞.汽车电子技术现状及发展趋势展望.机械管理开发,2007(01):12-15
[2]解福泉,魏彦召.汽车电子新技术与CAN总线.公路交通技术,2007(06):174-176
[3]饶运涛.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003:11-12
[4]周立功,CAN-bus规范V2.0版本.电子技术应用,1999
[5]马忠梅,马广云等.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京:北京航空航天大学出版,2002.1:155-162
[6]Samsung Electronics.S3C2410X 32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR USER'S MANUAL,Revision 1.2.2003
[7]Microchip,INC.MCP2515.Stand-Alone CAN Controller with SPI Inter
[8]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用实验教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1:76-79
[9]Jean J.Labrosse.uC/OS-Ⅱ:源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统.北京:中国电力出版社2001.
[10]MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC.AA084VC03 TFT-LCD MODULE.1999-10
[11]Micrum Technologies Corporation,Graphical User interface with Graphic Library,Version 3.90.2005.9
[12]姜换新,ARM嵌入式系统C语言编程.计算机应用与软件,2003(10)
[13]Kiencke V.Automotive Serial Controller Area Network.SAE 860391
[14]Brauninger J.Controller Area Network for Truck and Bus Applications.SAE 902211
[15]戴梦萍,纪永秋.汽车总线技术简析.农业装备与车辆工程,2006(12):55-58
[16]黄涛,钟明.车载CAN总线故障诊断仪的设计.武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版,2006(11):117-121
[17]Balaji Srinivasan,Shyamalan Patcher,RobertHil.A Firm Real-time System Implementation Using Commercial Off-the-Shelf Hardware and Free Software.IEEE Trans on Computers,1998:112-119
[18]周维,陈默.基于S3C2410的ARM开发平台.电子技术,2004(7):4-7
[19]李貌,秦霆镐,闫世晓.MCP2515在CAN总线系统智能节点的应用.微计算机信息,2005(7):37-39
[20]张义磊,安吉宇,仲崇亮.ARM芯片S3C2410驱动TFT-LCD的研究.液晶与显示., 2005(2):61-66
[21]Microchip Technology Inc.Understanding Microchip's CAN Module Bit Timing,AN754,http://www.microchip.com
[22]刘剑,沙微,姜凡.CAN总线及SAE J1939通讯协议在汽车上的应用.机电工程技术,2006.10:87-89.
[23]文燚,谢凯年.超大容量NAND FLASH坏区管理方法的设计与实现.现代电子技术,2007(16)
[24]张彦军,刘靖宁.CAN总线系统位定时参数的选择.青岛科技大学学报,2006(2):58-61
[25]Microchip Technology Inc.MCP2515 DataSheet,http://www.microchip.com..
[26]李平.基于CAN-BUS的汽车车载网络系统.电脑与信息技术,2007.8:52-54
[27]向前,罗大庸.基于ARM的嵌入式系统GUI设计分析及实现.计算机技术与发展,2006(12)
[28]Sven Wuytack,Julio L.da Silva,Jr Francky Catthoor,,Member IEEE Gjalt de Jong,and Chantal Ykman-Couvreur.Memory management for embedded network applications.Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001.7:465-476
[29]Joerg Kaiser,Cristiano Brudna,Carlos Mitidieri.A Real-Time Event Channel Model for the CAN-Bus.IEEE Computer Society,2003.4:120-122
[30]王涛,刘建辉.基于ARM微处理器的uC/OS-Ⅱ的移植研究.微计算机信息,2005.(07)
[31]Xian-Min Ma,Xiao-Ru Song.Coal gangue online recognition and automation selection system based on ARM and CAN bus.Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2005.Proceedings of 2005 International Conference,2005.8:988-992
[32]Cenag G,Valenzano A.An improved CAN fieldbus for industrial applications[A].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics[C],1997.4(12)
[33]Michail Amir,Xie Tao.Helping users avoid bugs in GUI applications.Proceedings - 27th International Conference on Software Engineering,ICSE05,Proceedings - 27th International Conference on Software Engineering,ICSE05,2005:107-116
[34]陶志东,周纯.基于S3C2410的CAN总线通信设计与开发.现场总线与网络技术,2006(01)
[35]Suarez F.J,Garcia J,Garcia D.F.Behavior analysis of parallel,real-time and embedded systems for monitoring and optimizing industrial processes.Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems,1996.Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on.Publication,1996.4:75-79
[36]马艳敏.带有CAN总线接口的智能汽车仪表盘的设计:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉 林工学院,2002
[37]刘永木,刘望生,李洪泽.SAE1 J939标准下的汽车CAN通信报文/I帧格式.长春工业大学学报,2003.3(24):59-61
[38]刘耿,席军强,陈慧岩.SAE J939通信标准在车辆动力传动电控系统中的应用研究.汽车研究与开发,2003(5)
[39]吕京建.现代汽车的核心技术-SAE J1939.汽车电子,2004.1
[40]Brauninger J.Controller Area Network for Truck and Bus Applications.SAE 902211.
[41]高云华.SAE J1939协议在汽车电器通信系统中的应用.河海大学常州分校学报,2005.9
[42]袁强.基于CAN总线的车辆仪表研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学电信系,2006
[43]J1939-71,Vehicle APPlieation Lyaer standard,SAE Group,12/2004
[44]J1939-81,Netwok Mnagaement Lyaer Standard,SAEGroPu,05/2003
[2]解福泉,魏彦召.汽车电子新技术与CAN总线.公路交通技术,2007(06):174-176
[3]饶运涛.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003:11-12
[4]周立功,CAN-bus规范V2.0版本.电子技术应用,1999
[5]马忠梅,马广云等.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础.北京:北京航空航天大学出版,2002.1:155-162
[6]Samsung Electronics.S3C2410X 32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR USER'S MANUAL,Revision 1.2.2003
[7]Microchip,INC.MCP2515.Stand-Alone CAN Controller with SPI Inter
[8]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用实验教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1:76-79
[9]Jean J.Labrosse.uC/OS-Ⅱ:源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统.北京:中国电力出版社2001.
[10]MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC.AA084VC03 TFT-LCD MODULE.1999-10
[11]Micrum Technologies Corporation,Graphical User interface with Graphic Library,Version 3.90.2005.9
[12]姜换新,ARM嵌入式系统C语言编程.计算机应用与软件,2003(10)
[13]Kiencke V.Automotive Serial Controller Area Network.SAE 860391
[14]Brauninger J.Controller Area Network for Truck and Bus Applications.SAE 902211
[15]戴梦萍,纪永秋.汽车总线技术简析.农业装备与车辆工程,2006(12):55-58
[16]黄涛,钟明.车载CAN总线故障诊断仪的设计.武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版,2006(11):117-121
[17]Balaji Srinivasan,Shyamalan Patcher,RobertHil.A Firm Real-time System Implementation Using Commercial Off-the-Shelf Hardware and Free Software.IEEE Trans on Computers,1998:112-119
[18]周维,陈默.基于S3C2410的ARM开发平台.电子技术,2004(7):4-7
[19]李貌,秦霆镐,闫世晓.MCP2515在CAN总线系统智能节点的应用.微计算机信息,2005(7):37-39
[20]张义磊,安吉宇,仲崇亮.ARM芯片S3C2410驱动TFT-LCD的研究.液晶与显示., 2005(2):61-66
[21]Microchip Technology Inc.Understanding Microchip's CAN Module Bit Timing,AN754,http://www.microchip.com
[22]刘剑,沙微,姜凡.CAN总线及SAE J1939通讯协议在汽车上的应用.机电工程技术,2006.10:87-89.
[23]文燚,谢凯年.超大容量NAND FLASH坏区管理方法的设计与实现.现代电子技术,2007(16)
[24]张彦军,刘靖宁.CAN总线系统位定时参数的选择.青岛科技大学学报,2006(2):58-61
[25]Microchip Technology Inc.MCP2515 DataSheet,http://www.microchip.com..
[26]李平.基于CAN-BUS的汽车车载网络系统.电脑与信息技术,2007.8:52-54
[27]向前,罗大庸.基于ARM的嵌入式系统GUI设计分析及实现.计算机技术与发展,2006(12)
[28]Sven Wuytack,Julio L.da Silva,Jr Francky Catthoor,,Member IEEE Gjalt de Jong,and Chantal Ykman-Couvreur.Memory management for embedded network applications.Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001.7:465-476
[29]Joerg Kaiser,Cristiano Brudna,Carlos Mitidieri.A Real-Time Event Channel Model for the CAN-Bus.IEEE Computer Society,2003.4:120-122
[30]王涛,刘建辉.基于ARM微处理器的uC/OS-Ⅱ的移植研究.微计算机信息,2005.(07)
[31]Xian-Min Ma,Xiao-Ru Song.Coal gangue online recognition and automation selection system based on ARM and CAN bus.Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2005.Proceedings of 2005 International Conference,2005.8:988-992
[32]Cenag G,Valenzano A.An improved CAN fieldbus for industrial applications[A].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics[C],1997.4(12)
[33]Michail Amir,Xie Tao.Helping users avoid bugs in GUI applications.Proceedings - 27th International Conference on Software Engineering,ICSE05,Proceedings - 27th International Conference on Software Engineering,ICSE05,2005:107-116
[34]陶志东,周纯.基于S3C2410的CAN总线通信设计与开发.现场总线与网络技术,2006(01)
[35]Suarez F.J,Garcia J,Garcia D.F.Behavior analysis of parallel,real-time and embedded systems for monitoring and optimizing industrial processes.Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems,1996.Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on.Publication,1996.4:75-79
[36]马艳敏.带有CAN总线接口的智能汽车仪表盘的设计:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉 林工学院,2002
[37]刘永木,刘望生,李洪泽.SAE1 J939标准下的汽车CAN通信报文/I帧格式.长春工业大学学报,2003.3(24):59-61
[38]刘耿,席军强,陈慧岩.SAE J939通信标准在车辆动力传动电控系统中的应用研究.汽车研究与开发,2003(5)
[39]吕京建.现代汽车的核心技术-SAE J1939.汽车电子,2004.1
[40]Brauninger J.Controller Area Network for Truck and Bus Applications.SAE 902211.
[41]高云华.SAE J1939协议在汽车电器通信系统中的应用.河海大学常州分校学报,2005.9
[42]袁强.基于CAN总线的车辆仪表研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学电信系,2006
[43]J1939-71,Vehicle APPlieation Lyaer standard,SAE Group,12/2004
[44]J1939-81,Netwok Mnagaement Lyaer Standard,SAEGroPu,05/2003