不同硼效率油菜品种硼吸收运转及细胞膜透性差异的研究
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摘要
本文以硼高效甘蓝型油菜品种QY10和低效品种Bakow为研究材料,采用土壤培养和溶液培养,利用嫁接技术和10B同位素示踪技术,从硼的吸收分配、转移再利用以及硼与细胞膜功能的关系等方面探讨了不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种硼效率的差异。获得主要结果如下：
1.嫁接试验表明,缺硼胁迫下,油菜能否获得产量主要由接穗控制,同时一定程度上受砧木影响。缺硼显著降低QY10、Ba及其相互嫁接植株的地上部和根系硼含量和累积量,高效品种地上部和根系硼含量、累积量最高,低效品种最低,嫁接植株均居于高效品种和低效品种之间,说明甘蓝型油菜体内硼含量不只是受根系或地上部某一部位影响,而是受两者共同控制。
2.供硼充足时,低效品种Ba各部位中硼含量、累积量及整株累积量均高于高效品种QY10,而在缺硼胁迫时却表现相反的趋势,特别是上部叶表现更明显。说明低效品种正常生长时需硼量较多,高效品种在缺硼条件下能够从环境吸收更多的硼,且向上部生长中心转运能力更强。
3.无论是缺硼还是正常条件下,高效品种QY10各部位中的水溶性硼累积占全硼累积的比例均高于低效品种Ba,随着培养液中硼浓度的增加,2个不同硼效率油菜品种各部位中的水溶性硼积累量占全硼累积量的比例均在增加,且均表现为上部叶中的水溶性硼的量明显高于下部叶和根。
4.缺硼对硼在不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种不同部位的分配比例影响显著,缺硼时2个油菜品种上部叶中的的硼累积量占全株的比例均有所上升,表明2个油菜品种体内的硼能向上运转,但Ba在严重缺硼胁迫(0.005 mg·L-1)时才开始显现出向上部叶运转能力,而高效品种QY10只要轻度缺硼时(0.05 mg·L-1)就能表现出较高的硼运转能力。
5.在硼饥饿3d后,用硼酸浸泡叶片新吸收的10B能够向上部叶、下部叶和根系运输,但2个油菜品种对硼的运输能力不同,在中部叶片施硼1d后,高效品种施硼叶片向邻近部分转运硼能力大于低效品种,3d后低效品种又大于高效品种。
6.在硼饥饿3d后根系供硼,供硼10d与5d时相比,高效品种上部叶、下部叶中新吸收10B量占整株比例呈上升趋势,根系有所下降,而低效品种却呈相反趋势。表明缺硼饥饿后供硼,不同硼效率油菜品种吸收硼均优先供应生长中心——上部幼嫩组织,高效品种向生长中心转运硼能力大于低效品种。
7.随着外界溶液中硼浓度的降低,不同硼效率油菜品种各部位的细胞膜相对透性和离子外渗量均显著增加或有增加趋势,高效品种QY10各部位增加幅度均要明显小于低效品种Ba,表明遭受缺硼胁迫时,高效品种QY10的细胞膜比低效品种Ba受伤害的程度要小,高效品种QY10较低效品种Ba耐低硼胁迫的能力强。
Pot culture and solution culture were conducted to discuss the boron different of the boron efficient rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)cultivar'QY10'and the boron inefficient one 'Ba'in boron uptake, distribution retranslocation and the relationships between boron and the cell membrane composition with grafting techniques and 10B isotope tracer. Main results are as follows:
1.Grafting experiments indicated that the yield of rape can be mainly affected by scion, while to some extent by the rootstock under boron deficiency. The boron content and accumulation of the high boron efficiency cultivar was the highest and that of the boron inefficiency cultivar was the least under boron deficient condition. The results suggested that the boron in rape was affected by both stock and scion.
2.When boron is sufficient, the boron content and accumulation of all parts and whole plant accumulation of boron inefficient cultivar'Ba'were more than the boron efficient cultivars'QY10',but when the boron was deficiency it appeared opposite trend, especially the upper leaves. It showed that the boron inefficient cultivar 'Ba'needed more boron to grow than the boron efficient cultivar'QY10',and the boron absorption capacity of boron efficient rape cultivar'QY10'was higher than the inefficient one.
3.Whether boron deficient or boron sufficient conditions, the proportion of water extractable boron accumulation in different parts of boron efficient rape cultivar'QY10' accounting for the total boron accumulation was higher than boron inefficient cultivar 'Ba'.With the increasing of boron concentration in culture medium, the proportion of water extractable boron accumulation of different parts of two different boron efficiency rape cultivars accounting for total boron accumulation were increased, and the water extractable boron accumulation of upper leaves was significantly higher than the lower leaves and roots.
4.There were amount of significant difference in boron distribution proportion between the two different boron efficiency rapeseed cultivars under boron deficiency conditions.The proportion of boron in the upper leaves accounting for the whole plant of the two rape cultivars rose under boron deficiency conditions.The results showed that boron in the two rape cultivars can be retranslocated from the lower leaves to the upper. However, boron in the boron inefficient cultivar'Ba' can be retranslocated just under boron deficiency severely (0.005 mg·L-1),boron in the boron efficient cultivar'QY10'can be retranslocated efficiently under boron deficiency gently (0.05 mg·L-1).
5.The 10B can be retranslocated from the soaked leaves to the upper leaves, the lower leaves and the root after boron starvation three day, but the two rape cultivars with different boron efficiency have different boron retranslocation capacity. The capacity of boron retranslocation in efficient rape cultivar'QY10'was better than the boron inefficient one when leaf was immersed in 10B solution one day. The trend was opposite when leaf was immersed in 10B solution three day.
6 Compared to supply boron five day, when the root was immersed in 10B solution the newly take-up 10B in upper leaves and lower leaves of the boron efficient rape cultivar 'QY10'was upward, but the root was downward. The boron inefficient rape cultivar'Ba' was opposite. The experiment showed that supply boron after starvation the newly take-up boron in rapes with different boron efficiency give priority to the growth center----top young tissues, and the retranslocation capacity of boron efficient rape cultivar was better than the boron inefficient one.
7. With the decreasing of boron concentration in culture medium, the cell membrane relative permeability and ion leakage of different parts of two rape cultivars increased or had upward trend. The increase extent of the cell membrane relative permeability and ion leakage of different parts of boron efficient cultivar'QY10'were significant less than boron inefficient cultivar'Ba',which show that the injury extent of cell membrane of boron efficient cultivar was smaller than the boron inefficient cultivar under boron deficiency conditions, and the ability of enduring boron stress of boron efficient cultivar was better than boron inefficient one.
1.嫁接试验表明,缺硼胁迫下,油菜能否获得产量主要由接穗控制,同时一定程度上受砧木影响。缺硼显著降低QY10、Ba及其相互嫁接植株的地上部和根系硼含量和累积量,高效品种地上部和根系硼含量、累积量最高,低效品种最低,嫁接植株均居于高效品种和低效品种之间,说明甘蓝型油菜体内硼含量不只是受根系或地上部某一部位影响,而是受两者共同控制。
2.供硼充足时,低效品种Ba各部位中硼含量、累积量及整株累积量均高于高效品种QY10,而在缺硼胁迫时却表现相反的趋势,特别是上部叶表现更明显。说明低效品种正常生长时需硼量较多,高效品种在缺硼条件下能够从环境吸收更多的硼,且向上部生长中心转运能力更强。
3.无论是缺硼还是正常条件下,高效品种QY10各部位中的水溶性硼累积占全硼累积的比例均高于低效品种Ba,随着培养液中硼浓度的增加,2个不同硼效率油菜品种各部位中的水溶性硼积累量占全硼累积量的比例均在增加,且均表现为上部叶中的水溶性硼的量明显高于下部叶和根。
4.缺硼对硼在不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种不同部位的分配比例影响显著,缺硼时2个油菜品种上部叶中的的硼累积量占全株的比例均有所上升,表明2个油菜品种体内的硼能向上运转,但Ba在严重缺硼胁迫(0.005 mg·L-1)时才开始显现出向上部叶运转能力,而高效品种QY10只要轻度缺硼时(0.05 mg·L-1)就能表现出较高的硼运转能力。
5.在硼饥饿3d后,用硼酸浸泡叶片新吸收的10B能够向上部叶、下部叶和根系运输,但2个油菜品种对硼的运输能力不同,在中部叶片施硼1d后,高效品种施硼叶片向邻近部分转运硼能力大于低效品种,3d后低效品种又大于高效品种。
6.在硼饥饿3d后根系供硼,供硼10d与5d时相比,高效品种上部叶、下部叶中新吸收10B量占整株比例呈上升趋势,根系有所下降,而低效品种却呈相反趋势。表明缺硼饥饿后供硼,不同硼效率油菜品种吸收硼均优先供应生长中心——上部幼嫩组织,高效品种向生长中心转运硼能力大于低效品种。
7.随着外界溶液中硼浓度的降低,不同硼效率油菜品种各部位的细胞膜相对透性和离子外渗量均显著增加或有增加趋势,高效品种QY10各部位增加幅度均要明显小于低效品种Ba,表明遭受缺硼胁迫时,高效品种QY10的细胞膜比低效品种Ba受伤害的程度要小,高效品种QY10较低效品种Ba耐低硼胁迫的能力强。
Pot culture and solution culture were conducted to discuss the boron different of the boron efficient rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)cultivar'QY10'and the boron inefficient one 'Ba'in boron uptake, distribution retranslocation and the relationships between boron and the cell membrane composition with grafting techniques and 10B isotope tracer. Main results are as follows:
1.Grafting experiments indicated that the yield of rape can be mainly affected by scion, while to some extent by the rootstock under boron deficiency. The boron content and accumulation of the high boron efficiency cultivar was the highest and that of the boron inefficiency cultivar was the least under boron deficient condition. The results suggested that the boron in rape was affected by both stock and scion.
2.When boron is sufficient, the boron content and accumulation of all parts and whole plant accumulation of boron inefficient cultivar'Ba'were more than the boron efficient cultivars'QY10',but when the boron was deficiency it appeared opposite trend, especially the upper leaves. It showed that the boron inefficient cultivar 'Ba'needed more boron to grow than the boron efficient cultivar'QY10',and the boron absorption capacity of boron efficient rape cultivar'QY10'was higher than the inefficient one.
3.Whether boron deficient or boron sufficient conditions, the proportion of water extractable boron accumulation in different parts of boron efficient rape cultivar'QY10' accounting for the total boron accumulation was higher than boron inefficient cultivar 'Ba'.With the increasing of boron concentration in culture medium, the proportion of water extractable boron accumulation of different parts of two different boron efficiency rape cultivars accounting for total boron accumulation were increased, and the water extractable boron accumulation of upper leaves was significantly higher than the lower leaves and roots.
4.There were amount of significant difference in boron distribution proportion between the two different boron efficiency rapeseed cultivars under boron deficiency conditions.The proportion of boron in the upper leaves accounting for the whole plant of the two rape cultivars rose under boron deficiency conditions.The results showed that boron in the two rape cultivars can be retranslocated from the lower leaves to the upper. However, boron in the boron inefficient cultivar'Ba' can be retranslocated just under boron deficiency severely (0.005 mg·L-1),boron in the boron efficient cultivar'QY10'can be retranslocated efficiently under boron deficiency gently (0.05 mg·L-1).
5.The 10B can be retranslocated from the soaked leaves to the upper leaves, the lower leaves and the root after boron starvation three day, but the two rape cultivars with different boron efficiency have different boron retranslocation capacity. The capacity of boron retranslocation in efficient rape cultivar'QY10'was better than the boron inefficient one when leaf was immersed in 10B solution one day. The trend was opposite when leaf was immersed in 10B solution three day.
6 Compared to supply boron five day, when the root was immersed in 10B solution the newly take-up 10B in upper leaves and lower leaves of the boron efficient rape cultivar 'QY10'was upward, but the root was downward. The boron inefficient rape cultivar'Ba' was opposite. The experiment showed that supply boron after starvation the newly take-up boron in rapes with different boron efficiency give priority to the growth center----top young tissues, and the retranslocation capacity of boron efficient rape cultivar was better than the boron inefficient one.
7. With the decreasing of boron concentration in culture medium, the cell membrane relative permeability and ion leakage of different parts of two rape cultivars increased or had upward trend. The increase extent of the cell membrane relative permeability and ion leakage of different parts of boron efficient cultivar'QY10'were significant less than boron inefficient cultivar'Ba',which show that the injury extent of cell membrane of boron efficient cultivar was smaller than the boron inefficient cultivar under boron deficiency conditions, and the ability of enduring boron stress of boron efficient cultivar was better than boron inefficient one.
引文
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