电力电子集成系统中的数字控制平台研究
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摘要
电力电子系统集成是当今电力电子技术研究的重要课题，引领电力电子技术朝集成化、标准化和模块化方向发展。电力电子数字控制平台正是在系统集成研究的大背景下展开的，进一步补充和完善系统集成理论研究内容，其研究的主要目标就是改变当前电力电子数字控制系统设计状况，缩短电力电子控制系统的开发周期，使它更符合电力电子系统集成发展的需要。目前，其研究内容主要为中、大功率电力电子应用系统或复杂电力电子装置提供集成化数控平台，如大功率有源滤波器、电力传动系统和再生能源发电系统等。根据数字控制平台的研究目标和应用领域，论文着重对电力电子控制平台的相关问题进行理论与实验研究，包括平台的一般设计原则、平台的扩展性分析、平台资源的集成和平台的应用研究。
如何从系统集成的角度设计硬件平台是集成化控制平台首先需要解决的问题。论文在详细分析了计算资源需求、通信能力需求、接口精度和接口信号处理速度等问题的基础上，提出了控制平台的一般设计原则，包括核心处理器、通信接口类型、AD／DA和PWM精度要求以及接口器件等硬件的具体选型与指标确定，同时提出了用可编程逻辑器件实现用户可编程和可配置的扩展接口的设计方案。
平台的通用性和扩展性是平台研究的首要问题。论文以平台的一般设计原则为指导，具体给出电力电子数字控制平台的硬件设计。在此基础上，论文从三个不同层面对该数控平台的通用性和扩展能力进行实验研究。在平台层面，论文从不同角度和不同实现方式提出了多平台结构的构建方案；在硬件资源层面，论文提出了采用通用PWM IP核的方案扩展平台PWM通道：在计算资源层面，论文提出用FPGA配置的单精度浮点运算单元来提升平台的计算能力，弥补定点处理器的不足。
软件资源集成是控制平台的一个核心。围绕这个核心，论文对电力电子可复用软件模块和电力电子IP软核两个内容展开研究。在可复用软件模块方面，论文提出了电力电子可复用软件模块设计的三条基本原则：①分类原则；②功能独立性原则；③以接口设计为核心原则，并以这些基本原则为指导，进行电力电子可复用软件模块的设计。针对采用固定定标方法设计定点软件模块接口所存在的问题，论文提出了一种软件模块动态定标的接口设计方案；在电力电子IP软核方面，通过对IP软核的研究现状、研究意义、基本分类和设计方法的系统论述，论文勾画出电力电子IP软核的基本研究和设计方法。论文以三电平空间矢量调制IP核为设计案例，着重说明IP核一般设计方法，包括简化算法、设计流程和实现与验证。
最后，论文利用集成化的数控平台构建了三种不同类别的典型应用系统：工频隔离型三相逆变电源、一体化电梯控制器和太阳能光伏发电系统。应用实践表明本文提出的平台设计原则和软硬件资源的集成方法具有有效性和实用性。
Power Electronic Systems Integration (PESI), a key research area in modern power electronics, pushes the power electronic techniques towards integration, standardization and modularization. It was under the background of systems integration that the research on Digital Control Platform (DCP) for power electronics was carried out, whose objectives are to change the design methods of digital control systems for power electronics, to shorten the system development cycle, and to meet the requirements of PESI development. The research will enrich PESI. At present, the research mainly focuses on the digital control platform for medium- or high-power system or complex power electronics equipment, such as high-power active power filter, motion control and renewable energy generation system. According to these objectives and its applications, the dissertation conducts the theoretical and experimental studies on some key problems of DCP, covering the general design rules for the platform, analysis of extendibility of the platform, integrations of hardware and software resources for the platform, and its applications.
How to design hardware platform from the angle of integration is a key problem, which should be solved first in DPC research. Based on the detailed analysis of requirements of computation resources, communication capabilities and precision and speed of peripherals, the dissertation proposes general design rules for digital control platform, including selection criteria of the core processor, communication types, AD/DA converters and digital PWM, and interface devices. It also puts forward a design scheme of programmable and configurable extension interfaces using programmable logic devices.
The versatility and extendibility are the prerequisites of DCP. Under the guidance of the general design rules for digital control platform, the dissertation fulfills the hardware design of the platform. On the basis of the hardware platform, the dissertation conducts the experimental researches on the versatility and extendibility of the digital control platform from different levels. On platform system level, the dissertation puts forward several schemes for configuring the multi-platform structure from different angles and different realization methods. On hardware extension level, the dissertation makes use of PWM IP(Intellectual Property) core to extend PWM channels. On computation resource level, the dissertation adopts the FPGA to configure the floating-point units to enhance the computation capacity of the platform, compensating the deficiency of the fixed-point processor on the platform.
The core of the DCP is the integration of software resources. Centering the core, the dissertation carries out the researches in following two aspects: reusable software modules and IP soft cores for power electronics. In the aspect of reusable software modules, the dissertation puts forward three basic principles for reusable software module design in power electronics :①classification;②function independency;③interface-oriented design methods. Under the guidance of these principles, the dissertation demonstrates how to design the reusable software module in details. Due to the problem caused by the interface design method using fixed-scaling mode in fixed-point software modules, the dissertation proposes a design scheme for the interface of reusable software modules using dynamic-scaling mode. In the aspect of IP soft core, by systematically discussing research status, meanings of IP cores and basic methodology of IP core classification and design, the dissertation outlines the preliminary methodology of IP core research and design. Using three-level space vector modulation IP core as a design case, the dissertation emphasizes the general design rules for IP cores, including simplified algorithms, design flow, implementation and verifications.
In the end, the integrated digital platform is applied in three typical applications from different fields: three-phase inverter source with output isolation using line frequency transformers, integrated elevator controller and photovoltaic generation system. These applications demonstrate the validality and practicability of design rules and integration methodologies of hardware and software resouces for digital control platform.
如何从系统集成的角度设计硬件平台是集成化控制平台首先需要解决的问题。论文在详细分析了计算资源需求、通信能力需求、接口精度和接口信号处理速度等问题的基础上，提出了控制平台的一般设计原则，包括核心处理器、通信接口类型、AD／DA和PWM精度要求以及接口器件等硬件的具体选型与指标确定，同时提出了用可编程逻辑器件实现用户可编程和可配置的扩展接口的设计方案。
平台的通用性和扩展性是平台研究的首要问题。论文以平台的一般设计原则为指导，具体给出电力电子数字控制平台的硬件设计。在此基础上，论文从三个不同层面对该数控平台的通用性和扩展能力进行实验研究。在平台层面，论文从不同角度和不同实现方式提出了多平台结构的构建方案；在硬件资源层面，论文提出了采用通用PWM IP核的方案扩展平台PWM通道：在计算资源层面，论文提出用FPGA配置的单精度浮点运算单元来提升平台的计算能力，弥补定点处理器的不足。
软件资源集成是控制平台的一个核心。围绕这个核心，论文对电力电子可复用软件模块和电力电子IP软核两个内容展开研究。在可复用软件模块方面，论文提出了电力电子可复用软件模块设计的三条基本原则：①分类原则；②功能独立性原则；③以接口设计为核心原则，并以这些基本原则为指导，进行电力电子可复用软件模块的设计。针对采用固定定标方法设计定点软件模块接口所存在的问题，论文提出了一种软件模块动态定标的接口设计方案；在电力电子IP软核方面，通过对IP软核的研究现状、研究意义、基本分类和设计方法的系统论述，论文勾画出电力电子IP软核的基本研究和设计方法。论文以三电平空间矢量调制IP核为设计案例，着重说明IP核一般设计方法，包括简化算法、设计流程和实现与验证。
最后，论文利用集成化的数控平台构建了三种不同类别的典型应用系统：工频隔离型三相逆变电源、一体化电梯控制器和太阳能光伏发电系统。应用实践表明本文提出的平台设计原则和软硬件资源的集成方法具有有效性和实用性。
Power Electronic Systems Integration (PESI), a key research area in modern power electronics, pushes the power electronic techniques towards integration, standardization and modularization. It was under the background of systems integration that the research on Digital Control Platform (DCP) for power electronics was carried out, whose objectives are to change the design methods of digital control systems for power electronics, to shorten the system development cycle, and to meet the requirements of PESI development. The research will enrich PESI. At present, the research mainly focuses on the digital control platform for medium- or high-power system or complex power electronics equipment, such as high-power active power filter, motion control and renewable energy generation system. According to these objectives and its applications, the dissertation conducts the theoretical and experimental studies on some key problems of DCP, covering the general design rules for the platform, analysis of extendibility of the platform, integrations of hardware and software resources for the platform, and its applications.
How to design hardware platform from the angle of integration is a key problem, which should be solved first in DPC research. Based on the detailed analysis of requirements of computation resources, communication capabilities and precision and speed of peripherals, the dissertation proposes general design rules for digital control platform, including selection criteria of the core processor, communication types, AD/DA converters and digital PWM, and interface devices. It also puts forward a design scheme of programmable and configurable extension interfaces using programmable logic devices.
The versatility and extendibility are the prerequisites of DCP. Under the guidance of the general design rules for digital control platform, the dissertation fulfills the hardware design of the platform. On the basis of the hardware platform, the dissertation conducts the experimental researches on the versatility and extendibility of the digital control platform from different levels. On platform system level, the dissertation puts forward several schemes for configuring the multi-platform structure from different angles and different realization methods. On hardware extension level, the dissertation makes use of PWM IP(Intellectual Property) core to extend PWM channels. On computation resource level, the dissertation adopts the FPGA to configure the floating-point units to enhance the computation capacity of the platform, compensating the deficiency of the fixed-point processor on the platform.
The core of the DCP is the integration of software resources. Centering the core, the dissertation carries out the researches in following two aspects: reusable software modules and IP soft cores for power electronics. In the aspect of reusable software modules, the dissertation puts forward three basic principles for reusable software module design in power electronics :①classification;②function independency;③interface-oriented design methods. Under the guidance of these principles, the dissertation demonstrates how to design the reusable software module in details. Due to the problem caused by the interface design method using fixed-scaling mode in fixed-point software modules, the dissertation proposes a design scheme for the interface of reusable software modules using dynamic-scaling mode. In the aspect of IP soft core, by systematically discussing research status, meanings of IP cores and basic methodology of IP core classification and design, the dissertation outlines the preliminary methodology of IP core research and design. Using three-level space vector modulation IP core as a design case, the dissertation emphasizes the general design rules for IP cores, including simplified algorithms, design flow, implementation and verifications.
In the end, the integrated digital platform is applied in three typical applications from different fields: three-phase inverter source with output isolation using line frequency transformers, integrated elevator controller and photovoltaic generation system. These applications demonstrate the validality and practicability of design rules and integration methodologies of hardware and software resouces for digital control platform.
引文
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