京沪高速铁路北京至济南段绿色通道的研究
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摘要
高速铁路绿色通道的建设是个多行业、跨部门、全新的综合性系统工程,国内外没有成功的经验可供借鉴。建设高速铁路绿色通道,可以美化环境,减少污染,特别是减少高速铁路运营期间对周围环境的影响,有利于建设和谐的生态环境。因此,研究如何结合高速铁路自身特点进行边坡防护和绿化林带的建设具有非常重要的意义。
论文从建设京沪高速铁路绿色通道的必要性入手,调查了京沪高速铁路沿线各地方政府对建设铁路绿色通道的意见和地方主要植树造林树种,分析了线路所经区域的地形地貌、气候特征、水文、土壤等立地条件,借鉴了与京沪高速铁路处于同一通道范围内的高速公路和铁路的绿化经验,特别是介绍了已经建成的胶新铁路的绿化经验,对京沪高速铁路绿色通道进行了设计,制定了路基边坡绿色防护和绿化林带布置的基本原则,介绍了边坡防护草种和绿化树种,论述了桥梁地段和路基两侧取土地段的绿化方法,特别是对车站绿化进行了详细设计,对绿化林带进行了布置,计算了绿化投资,分析论证了投资收益以及生态效益。
本论文的创新点是立足于高速铁路安全行车,结合绿化建设的可行性和经济性,提出了高速铁路绿色通道建设的可行方案:对路基边坡进行绿色植被防护,两侧建设一定宽度的绿化林带,达到铁路运营安全和提高生态效益、经济效益的和谐统一,创造铁路部门与沿线地方政府和沿线居民利益统一、共利多赢的建设局面。
The green corridor construction of high speed railway is a multi-industry, trans-department, fire-new, comprehensive system engineering, and is difficult to find successful experience to use for reference in the world. The construction of green corridor construction for high speed railway , is helpful in environmental beautification, pollution control, especially in the lessening to the environmental influence during operation period, and in the construction of harmonious environment. The significance is very important of study how to construct slope-protection and tree band combined the characteristic of high speed railway.
The article begins from the necessity of green corridor construction for Beijing-shanghai high speed railway, investigates opinion about green corridor construction from local government along the Beijing-shanghai high speed railway line and local trees, analyses natural environment of the line crossing areas like topography, physiognomy, climate,hydrography, soil, etc. , consults vegetation experience of highways and railways laying same corridor with Beijing-shanghai high speed railway, especially introduces the vegetation experience of shortly finished Jiaozhou-xinyi railway, and design the green corridor of Beijing-shanghai high speed railway, establishes vegetation principle, introduces the kind of grass and trees for slope protection and vegetation, discusses the vegetation method in bridge section and borrow pit along the both sides of the railway subgrade, especially designs the station vegetation in detail, calculate vegetation cost, demonstrates yield and ecology benefit.
The highlight of the article is bringing feasible scheme of green corridor construction for high speed railway based on railway safe operation and combined feasibility and economy of vegetation construction, that is protection the subgrade slope with grasses and construction trees band with a certain width. The effect is harmonizing the railway operation safety with the improvement of both biological and economic benefits, integrating the interests of the railway sections with the local authorities and habitants along the line and creates a situation in building mutual favorableness and multi-profitability
论文从建设京沪高速铁路绿色通道的必要性入手,调查了京沪高速铁路沿线各地方政府对建设铁路绿色通道的意见和地方主要植树造林树种,分析了线路所经区域的地形地貌、气候特征、水文、土壤等立地条件,借鉴了与京沪高速铁路处于同一通道范围内的高速公路和铁路的绿化经验,特别是介绍了已经建成的胶新铁路的绿化经验,对京沪高速铁路绿色通道进行了设计,制定了路基边坡绿色防护和绿化林带布置的基本原则,介绍了边坡防护草种和绿化树种,论述了桥梁地段和路基两侧取土地段的绿化方法,特别是对车站绿化进行了详细设计,对绿化林带进行了布置,计算了绿化投资,分析论证了投资收益以及生态效益。
本论文的创新点是立足于高速铁路安全行车,结合绿化建设的可行性和经济性,提出了高速铁路绿色通道建设的可行方案:对路基边坡进行绿色植被防护,两侧建设一定宽度的绿化林带,达到铁路运营安全和提高生态效益、经济效益的和谐统一,创造铁路部门与沿线地方政府和沿线居民利益统一、共利多赢的建设局面。
The green corridor construction of high speed railway is a multi-industry, trans-department, fire-new, comprehensive system engineering, and is difficult to find successful experience to use for reference in the world. The construction of green corridor construction for high speed railway , is helpful in environmental beautification, pollution control, especially in the lessening to the environmental influence during operation period, and in the construction of harmonious environment. The significance is very important of study how to construct slope-protection and tree band combined the characteristic of high speed railway.
The article begins from the necessity of green corridor construction for Beijing-shanghai high speed railway, investigates opinion about green corridor construction from local government along the Beijing-shanghai high speed railway line and local trees, analyses natural environment of the line crossing areas like topography, physiognomy, climate,hydrography, soil, etc. , consults vegetation experience of highways and railways laying same corridor with Beijing-shanghai high speed railway, especially introduces the vegetation experience of shortly finished Jiaozhou-xinyi railway, and design the green corridor of Beijing-shanghai high speed railway, establishes vegetation principle, introduces the kind of grass and trees for slope protection and vegetation, discusses the vegetation method in bridge section and borrow pit along the both sides of the railway subgrade, especially designs the station vegetation in detail, calculate vegetation cost, demonstrates yield and ecology benefit.
The highlight of the article is bringing feasible scheme of green corridor construction for high speed railway based on railway safe operation and combined feasibility and economy of vegetation construction, that is protection the subgrade slope with grasses and construction trees band with a certain width. The effect is harmonizing the railway operation safety with the improvement of both biological and economic benefits, integrating the interests of the railway sections with the local authorities and habitants along the line and creates a situation in building mutual favorableness and multi-profitability
引文
[1]白思俊.现代项目管理.机械工业出版社,2005:199～271
[2]毕星,翟丽.项目管理.复旦大学出版社,2000:18～94
[3]中国铁道出版社,铁路工务技术手册——造林与绿化
[4]山东省林业局林政处编,林业法规选编
[5]胶新铁路建设指挥部、山东省林业监测规划院合编,胶新铁路绿化总体规划设计
[6]山东省林业监测规划院、山东省德州市林业局合编,京沪铁路(济南-德州)绿化规划
[7]德州市林业局编,京沪高速德州段绿化规划
[8]中国铁道出版社,京沪高速铁路设计暂行规定
[9]铁道第四勘查设计院,铁路路基边坡绿色防护技术暂行规定
[10]钱明辉,凤陶.项目管理——晋升为经理人的敲门砖.中国工商联合出版社,2001:28～32
[11]李杨.项目管理技术的新发展.交通与计算机.1998,(4):17～21
[12]王祖信,汪清生.项目管理过程浅议.建设监理.1999,(8):34～37
[13]吴之明,卢有杰.项目管理引论.清华大学出版社,2000:21～22
[14] S.K.Tso, H.C.W.lau, J.K.L.Ho. A framework for developing an agent-based collaborative service-suppport system in a manufacturing information network. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence.2004,(12):43～57
[15] C.Mokeller. Interorganizational communication systems. Proceedings of the IFIP Conference APMS’96,1996:59～64
[16]张光宇,刘永清.土地资源优化配置原理分析及分类结构模型.华南理工大学学报.1998,(5):149～152
[17]熊锐,吴成.车间生产调度问题的技术现状与发展趋势.清华大学学报.1998,(10):55～60
[18] Burton R M, Damon W W, Lougbidge D M. The economics of decomposition, resource allocation vs transfer pricing. Decision Sciences, 1974,23(5):298～499
[19] Freeland J R,Moore J H. Implications of resource dirdctive allocation models for organizational design, Management Sci,1977,23(10):1050～1059
[20] leu Y,Rakes T R,Rees L P,et al.Modeling resource allocation in a decentralized organization with an Al-based goal-directive model. Decision Seciences,1992(23):1027～1049
[21]钟伟俊,徐南荣.分解组织结构下的资源配置及方法研究.管理工程学报,1996,10(3):131～137
[22] Von Stackelberg. The Theory of the market economy. Oxford: Cambridge Univernity Press,1952
[23] Shimizu K,Isbizuka Y.Optimality conditions and algorithma for parameter design problems with two level structure.IEEE Tran Auto Control,1985(30):986～993
[24]汪受阳.一个资源分配问题的主从对策莫型.中科院研究生院学报,1992,9(3):246～253
[25] Groves T. Incentiven in teams. Econometrica,1973(41):617～631
[26] Servi L D, Ho Y C. An incentive-compatible modification of the heal algorithm. Optimal Control Application Methods,1983(4):265～267
[27] Chiu S S,Lin Q.A family of incentive-compatible and non-subsidizing optimal resource allocation problems. System and Control Letters,1987(8):475～481
[28]石永恒.一类资源分配问题的研究.青年管理科学与系统科学问题(第一卷).西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991
[29]杜钢,顾培亮.资源分配问题的层次激励模型.管理工程学报,1997,11(2):89～94
[30]李兰海,张熙谷.资源配置的灰色控制模型设计及应用.自然资源学报,1992,7(4):372～378
[31]冯燮刚.资源的系统最优利用分析.经济科学,1996(4):49～53
[32]张金清.测算技术进步对降低资源消耗贡献份额的方法.科学管理研究,1996,14(1):13～16
[33]廖胜芳,刘海深,陶的滋.网络计划技术原理和应用[M].北京:北京航空学院出版社,1987:112.
[34]曹晓玲,汪金根.工程项目工期-资源优化方法研究[J].重庆大学学报,2000(4).
[35]徐晓飞,战德臣,叶丹,谢炜,李全龙.动态联盟的建立及其支撑环境.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS.1998,4(1);9～13
[36]徐晓飞,战德臣,叶丹,谢炜,李全龙.动态联盟建立过程研究.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS.1997,3(4);93～7
[37]方志梅,屠建飞,叶飞帆.支持中小企业动态联盟的企业资源计划体系,信息与控制.2003,32(6):521～525
[38] Adrien Presley. A Virtual Enterprise Architecture, Proc. Fo the 4th Annual Agility Forum Conference. Atlanta,1995:477～485
[39] L.M.Camarinha, Matos, H. Afsarmanesh, C. Garita, C.Lima. Towards an Architecture for Virtual Enterprise. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing.1998,(9):189～199
[40] Speranza M. Grazia, Vercellis Carlo. Hierarchical models for multi-ptoject planning and scheduling. European Journal of Operational Research, 1993,6492):312～325.
[41] Herroelen W, Demeulemeester E, Reyck B D. A classification scheme for project scheduling [A]. Weglarz J. Project Scheduling Recent Models, Algorithms and Applications [M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers,1999.1～26
[42] Leu S S, Chen A T, Yang C H. A GA-vased fuzzy optimal model for construction time-cost trade-off[J]. International Journal of Project Management,2001,19:47～58
[43] Li H, Cao J N, Love P. Using machine learing and GA to solve time-cost trade-off problems [J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1999,125(5):347～353
[44] Simin P, Horn S J. Time-resource tradeoff problem [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1996,43(4):411～417
[45] Golenko-Ginzburg D, Gonik A. A heuristic for network project scheduling with random activity durations depending on the resource allocation [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,1998,55:149～162
[46] Deckro R F, Hebert J E. A multiple objective programming framework for trade-offs in project scheduling [J]. Engineering Costs and Production Economics,1990,18:255～264
[47] Brucker P, Drexl A, Mohring R M, Neumann K, Pesch E. Resource-constrained project scheduling: Notation, classification, models, and methods [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1999,112:3～41
[48] Icmeli O, Erenguc S S. The resource constrained time/cost tradeoff project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows [J]. Journal of Operations Management,1996,14:255～275
[49] Neumann K, Zimmermann J. Resource leveling for projects with schedule-dependent time windows [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1999,117:591～605
[50] Neumann可,ZimmermannJ。Procedures for resource leveling and net present v alue problems in project scheduling with general temporal and resource constraints [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,127;425～443
[51] Starkey D.E. Basic Engineering Design. London: Enward Arnold,1998
[52] Dowlatshahi shad. Product design in a concurrent engineering environment: an optimization approach. International Journal of Production Research,1992,20(8):1803～1818
[53]沙磊.面向敏捷虚拟企业建立过程的多维决策支持方法.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2003
[54] Saaty Thomas L, Vargas Luis G. Diagnosis with dependent symptoms: Bayes theorem and the Analytic Hierarchy process. Operations Research,1998,46(4):491～502
[55] Tung S.L., Tand S.L., A comparison of the Saaty’s AHP and modifid AHP for right and left eigenvector inconsistency. European Journal of Operational Research,1998,106(1):123～128
[56] Saaty T. L., Hu G. Ranking by Eigenvector Versus Other Methods in Analytic Hierarchy Process. Applied Mathematics Letters,1998,11(4):121～125
[57] Christofides N,Alvarez-Valdes R,Tamarit J M. Project scheduling with resource constraints: a branch and bound approach [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1987,29:262～273
[58] Leu S S, Yang C H. A genetic-algorithm-based resource-constrained construction scheduling system [J]. Construction Management and Economics,1999,17:767～776
[59]龚宗艳,陈收,资源优化配置与利用模型研究综述分析,湖南大学学报,1998.2(1):99～105
[2]毕星,翟丽.项目管理.复旦大学出版社,2000:18～94
[3]中国铁道出版社,铁路工务技术手册——造林与绿化
[4]山东省林业局林政处编,林业法规选编
[5]胶新铁路建设指挥部、山东省林业监测规划院合编,胶新铁路绿化总体规划设计
[6]山东省林业监测规划院、山东省德州市林业局合编,京沪铁路(济南-德州)绿化规划
[7]德州市林业局编,京沪高速德州段绿化规划
[8]中国铁道出版社,京沪高速铁路设计暂行规定
[9]铁道第四勘查设计院,铁路路基边坡绿色防护技术暂行规定
[10]钱明辉,凤陶.项目管理——晋升为经理人的敲门砖.中国工商联合出版社,2001:28～32
[11]李杨.项目管理技术的新发展.交通与计算机.1998,(4):17～21
[12]王祖信,汪清生.项目管理过程浅议.建设监理.1999,(8):34～37
[13]吴之明,卢有杰.项目管理引论.清华大学出版社,2000:21～22
[14] S.K.Tso, H.C.W.lau, J.K.L.Ho. A framework for developing an agent-based collaborative service-suppport system in a manufacturing information network. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence.2004,(12):43～57
[15] C.Mokeller. Interorganizational communication systems. Proceedings of the IFIP Conference APMS’96,1996:59～64
[16]张光宇,刘永清.土地资源优化配置原理分析及分类结构模型.华南理工大学学报.1998,(5):149～152
[17]熊锐,吴成.车间生产调度问题的技术现状与发展趋势.清华大学学报.1998,(10):55～60
[18] Burton R M, Damon W W, Lougbidge D M. The economics of decomposition, resource allocation vs transfer pricing. Decision Sciences, 1974,23(5):298～499
[19] Freeland J R,Moore J H. Implications of resource dirdctive allocation models for organizational design, Management Sci,1977,23(10):1050～1059
[20] leu Y,Rakes T R,Rees L P,et al.Modeling resource allocation in a decentralized organization with an Al-based goal-directive model. Decision Seciences,1992(23):1027～1049
[21]钟伟俊,徐南荣.分解组织结构下的资源配置及方法研究.管理工程学报,1996,10(3):131～137
[22] Von Stackelberg. The Theory of the market economy. Oxford: Cambridge Univernity Press,1952
[23] Shimizu K,Isbizuka Y.Optimality conditions and algorithma for parameter design problems with two level structure.IEEE Tran Auto Control,1985(30):986～993
[24]汪受阳.一个资源分配问题的主从对策莫型.中科院研究生院学报,1992,9(3):246～253
[25] Groves T. Incentiven in teams. Econometrica,1973(41):617～631
[26] Servi L D, Ho Y C. An incentive-compatible modification of the heal algorithm. Optimal Control Application Methods,1983(4):265～267
[27] Chiu S S,Lin Q.A family of incentive-compatible and non-subsidizing optimal resource allocation problems. System and Control Letters,1987(8):475～481
[28]石永恒.一类资源分配问题的研究.青年管理科学与系统科学问题(第一卷).西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991
[29]杜钢,顾培亮.资源分配问题的层次激励模型.管理工程学报,1997,11(2):89～94
[30]李兰海,张熙谷.资源配置的灰色控制模型设计及应用.自然资源学报,1992,7(4):372～378
[31]冯燮刚.资源的系统最优利用分析.经济科学,1996(4):49～53
[32]张金清.测算技术进步对降低资源消耗贡献份额的方法.科学管理研究,1996,14(1):13～16
[33]廖胜芳,刘海深,陶的滋.网络计划技术原理和应用[M].北京:北京航空学院出版社,1987:112.
[34]曹晓玲,汪金根.工程项目工期-资源优化方法研究[J].重庆大学学报,2000(4).
[35]徐晓飞,战德臣,叶丹,谢炜,李全龙.动态联盟的建立及其支撑环境.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS.1998,4(1);9～13
[36]徐晓飞,战德臣,叶丹,谢炜,李全龙.动态联盟建立过程研究.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS.1997,3(4);93～7
[37]方志梅,屠建飞,叶飞帆.支持中小企业动态联盟的企业资源计划体系,信息与控制.2003,32(6):521～525
[38] Adrien Presley. A Virtual Enterprise Architecture, Proc. Fo the 4th Annual Agility Forum Conference. Atlanta,1995:477～485
[39] L.M.Camarinha, Matos, H. Afsarmanesh, C. Garita, C.Lima. Towards an Architecture for Virtual Enterprise. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing.1998,(9):189～199
[40] Speranza M. Grazia, Vercellis Carlo. Hierarchical models for multi-ptoject planning and scheduling. European Journal of Operational Research, 1993,6492):312～325.
[41] Herroelen W, Demeulemeester E, Reyck B D. A classification scheme for project scheduling [A]. Weglarz J. Project Scheduling Recent Models, Algorithms and Applications [M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers,1999.1～26
[42] Leu S S, Chen A T, Yang C H. A GA-vased fuzzy optimal model for construction time-cost trade-off[J]. International Journal of Project Management,2001,19:47～58
[43] Li H, Cao J N, Love P. Using machine learing and GA to solve time-cost trade-off problems [J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1999,125(5):347～353
[44] Simin P, Horn S J. Time-resource tradeoff problem [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,1996,43(4):411～417
[45] Golenko-Ginzburg D, Gonik A. A heuristic for network project scheduling with random activity durations depending on the resource allocation [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,1998,55:149～162
[46] Deckro R F, Hebert J E. A multiple objective programming framework for trade-offs in project scheduling [J]. Engineering Costs and Production Economics,1990,18:255～264
[47] Brucker P, Drexl A, Mohring R M, Neumann K, Pesch E. Resource-constrained project scheduling: Notation, classification, models, and methods [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1999,112:3～41
[48] Icmeli O, Erenguc S S. The resource constrained time/cost tradeoff project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows [J]. Journal of Operations Management,1996,14:255～275
[49] Neumann K, Zimmermann J. Resource leveling for projects with schedule-dependent time windows [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1999,117:591～605
[50] Neumann可,ZimmermannJ。Procedures for resource leveling and net present v alue problems in project scheduling with general temporal and resource constraints [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2000,127;425～443
[51] Starkey D.E. Basic Engineering Design. London: Enward Arnold,1998
[52] Dowlatshahi shad. Product design in a concurrent engineering environment: an optimization approach. International Journal of Production Research,1992,20(8):1803～1818
[53]沙磊.面向敏捷虚拟企业建立过程的多维决策支持方法.哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2003
[54] Saaty Thomas L, Vargas Luis G. Diagnosis with dependent symptoms: Bayes theorem and the Analytic Hierarchy process. Operations Research,1998,46(4):491～502
[55] Tung S.L., Tand S.L., A comparison of the Saaty’s AHP and modifid AHP for right and left eigenvector inconsistency. European Journal of Operational Research,1998,106(1):123～128
[56] Saaty T. L., Hu G. Ranking by Eigenvector Versus Other Methods in Analytic Hierarchy Process. Applied Mathematics Letters,1998,11(4):121～125
[57] Christofides N,Alvarez-Valdes R,Tamarit J M. Project scheduling with resource constraints: a branch and bound approach [J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1987,29:262～273
[58] Leu S S, Yang C H. A genetic-algorithm-based resource-constrained construction scheduling system [J]. Construction Management and Economics,1999,17:767～776
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