成层土中桩纵向振动理论及其在PIT中的应用
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
桩的纵向振动理论是桩各种动态测试方法的理论基础,开展桩纵向振动理论
    的研究对于进一步弄清桩—土间动力相互作用、动力试桩的机理以及正确分析试
    桩测试曲线是非常重要的。
     在总结前人研究成果的基础上,本文采用新的思路和方法对成层土中完整
    桩、变截面桩和变模量的纵向振动特性进行了研究,主要工作有:
     地基土主要的特征之一是成层性,因此有必要研究成层土中桩的纵向振动特
    性。本文利用拉氏变换的方法并结合阻抗函数的传递性,求得了成层土中桩在任
    意激振力作用下桩顶阻抗的解析表达式,进而求得半正弦脉冲作用下的速度响应
    的半解析解,在此基础上讨论了土层模量的变化对桩—土体系的动刚度、动阻尼
    以及速度导纳曲线和反射波曲线的影响,并分析了土模量变化对响应曲线的影响
    与桩身缺陷影响的区别,以正确识别响应曲线。
     由于工程中桩基质量检测的主要对象是各类缺陷桩,因此本文将重点放在研
    究各种缺陷桩的振动特性。根据桩身缺陷的分类,缺陷桩可归结为两种:变截面
    桩和变模量桩。本文分别求得了任意段变截面桩速度响应的半解析解以及任意段
    变模量桩速度响应的解析解并推广至成层土中任意段缺陷桩速度响应的半解析
    解。在此基础上,讨论了桩身缺陷程度、缺陷段长度、缺陷段位置、激励频率以
    及桩材阻尼等对缺陷桩振动特性的影响,比较了变截面桩与变模量桩振动响应的
    差异。同时还将理论解的导纳曲线和反射波曲线与工程实测曲线相比较,发现两
    者符合的很好,说明了理论解的正确性。
     最后,采用三维有限元方法讨论了桩及土的三维效应对桩振动特性的影响、
    非轴对称缺陷桩的振动特性以及与轴对称缺陷桩的区别,并与本文的一维理论解
    进行了比较。
Longitudinal vibration theory of pile is the basis of any kind of method in dynamic pile testing, which can be used to explain the dynamic reaction between pile and soil, the mechanics of pile testing, and to illustrate the pile testing curves.
    In this dissertation, on the basis of the existing work, the longitudinal vibration properties of the pile with defects in layered soils have been studied with a totally new approach. The main original work includes:
    Firstly, it is necessary to study the vibration behavior of pile in layered soils since layered property is one of the main characteristics of soil stratum. With Laplace transforms, the analytical expression of the impedance function is derived for the pile in layered soils subjected to an exciting force at its top. Then a semi-analytical solution of the velocity response in time-domain under semi-sine exciting force is given. Based on the solutions, the influence of soil modulus on the dynamic stiffness and the dynamic-damping of the system of pile and soil, and that on the curves of mechanical admittance and the reflection wave of pile are analyzed. In order to explain the response curves of pile correctly, the curves corresponding to soil modulus varying are compared with the ones corresponding to defective pile.
    Secondly, since the main objective of performing dynamic pile testing is to evaluate the integrity of drill shafts definitively, the study is focused on the vibration properties of defective pile. The defective piles fall into two categories according to the causes they formed: one is the pile with variable sections, the other is the pile with variable modulus. In the dissertation, a semi-analytical solution for a pile of arbitrary segments with variable section area and an analytical one for a pile of arbitrary segments with variable modulus are derived respectively. The solutions are then extended in a semi-analytical form to the defective pile with arbitrary segments in layered soils. Using these solutions, the influences on the vibration properties caused by the degree of pile defects, the length and the location of the defects, the exciting frequency and the damping of pile material are studied. Comparison is also made for the vibration properties of the pile with variable section and the'one with variable modulus. Furthermore, to verify the theory developed herein, the fitted curves of analytical solutions are compared with the field measured ones, which shows that they are in a good agreement.
    Finally, by means of 3D finite element method, the influence of "3D effect" on the vibration properties of the defective pile is studied, and the difference of vibration properties between the pile with un-axial defect and the one with axial defect is compared. Moreover, the result obtained from 3D FEM and the one from ID analytical solution developed in the dissertation are compared.
引文
Chin, J. T. and Poulos, H.G. (1992) . Cyclic axial pile loading analyses: a comparative study, Computers and Geotechnics,Vol. 13,137-158.
    Chow, Y. K. (1987) . Vertical vibration of three-dimensional rigid foundations on layered, Earthq. Engrg. Struct.Dyn, Vol. 15,585-594.
    Chin, J. T. and Poulos, H.G. (1991) . A "T-Z" approach for cyclic axial pile loading analysis of single piles, Computers and Geotechnics Vol. 12,289-320.
    Davies, G., Sen, R. and Banerjee, P. K. (1984) . Dynamic behavior of pile groups in inhomogeneous soil, J. Ceotech. Engrg. Div. ASCE, 111(12) , 1365-1339.
    Dobry, R. and Gazetas, G. (1988) . Simple method for dynamic stiffness and damping of floating pile groups, Geotechnique, 38(4) , 557-574.
    Dou, H. and Byrne, P. M. (1996) . Dynamic response of single piles and soil-pile interaction, Canadian Geotechnical, Vol.33,80-96.
    EI Naggar, H., Novak, M. (1994) . Non-linear axial interaction in pile dynamics, J. Geotech. Engrg. Div. ASCE, 120(4) , 678-696.
    Gazetas, G. and Makris N. (1991) . Dynamic pile-soil-pile interaction, part 1 analysis of axial vibration, Earthq. Engrg. Struct.Dyn, Vol. 20,115-132.
    Hardin, B. O. and Drnevich, V. P. (1972) Shear modulus and damping in soils: design equations and curves, J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 98(7) , 667-692.
    Hearne, T. M., Stokoe, K. H. and Reese, L. C. (1981) . Drilled-shaft integrity by wave progration method, J. Geotech.Engrg. Div. ASCE, 107(10) , 1327-1343.
    Kagawa,T. (1992) . Moduli and damping factors of soft marine clays, J. Geotech. Engrg. Div.,ASCE, 118(9) , 1360-1375.
    Kraft, L. M., Cox, W. R. and Vemer, E. A. (1981) . Pile load tests: cyclic loads and varying load rates, J. Geotech. Engrg. Div, ASCE, 107(1) , 1-40.
    Krishnan, R. Gazetas, G. and Velez, A. (1983) . Static and dynamic lateral deflexion of piles in non-homogenerous soil stratum, Geotechnique, 33(3) , 307-325.
    Kuhlemeyer, R. (1979) . Vertical vibration of piles, J. GeoteckEngrg. Div. ASCE, 105(2) , 273-287.
    Lee, C.Y., Poulos, H.G. (1990) . Axial response analysis of piles in vertically and horizontally non-homogeneous soils, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol.9,133-148.
    Lee, C. Y, Small, J, C. (1991) . Finite-layer analysis of axially loaded piles, J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 117(11) ,
    
     1706-1721.
    Lee, S. Y, Kog, Y. C. and Karunaratne, G. P. (1987) . Axially loaded piles in layered soil, J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 113(4) , 366-381.
    Loang, R. Y and Husein, A. I. (1993) . Simplified dynamic method for pile-driving control, J. Geotech. Engrg. Div. ASCE, 119(4) , 694-713.
    Liang, Y, Sheng, Y. J. ( 1993) . Wave equation parameters from driven-rod test, J. GeoteckEngrg. Div. ASCE, 119(6) , 1037-1057.
    Litkouhi, S. and Poskitt, T. J. (1980) . Damping constants for pile drivability calculations, Geotechnique, 30(1) , 77-86.
    Liu, W. M. and Novak, M. ( 1994) . Dynamic response of single piles embedded in transversely isotropic layered media, Earthq. Engrg. Struct.Dyn, Vol. 23, 1239-1257.
    Mamoon, S. M. and Banerjee, P. K. (1990) . Response of piles and groups to travelling SH-waves, Earthq. Engrg. Struct.Dyn, Vol. 19, 597-610.
    Mamoon, S. M. Kaynia, A. M. and Banerjee, P. K. (1990) . Frequency domain dynamic analysis of piles and pile groups, J. Meck .Engrg. Div. ASCE, 116(10) , 2237-2257.
    Makris, N. And Gazetas, G. (1993) . Displacement phase differences in a harmonically oscillating pile, Geotechnique, 43(1) , 135-150.
    Michaelides, O., Gazetas, G., Bouckovalas, G. (1997) . Approximate Non-Linear Dynamic Axial Response of Piles, Geotechnique, 48(1) , 33-53.
    Michaelides, O., Bouckovalas, G. and Gazetas, G. ( 1998) . Non-linear sol properties and impedances for axially vibrating pile elements, Soils and Found, 38(3) , 129-142.
    Nath, B. (1990) . Continuum method of pile driving analysis: comparison with the wave equation method, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol.10, 265-285.
    Nogami, T., Novak, M. (1974) . Soil-Pile Interaction in Vertical Vibration, Earthq. Engrg. Struct.Dyn, Vol. 4, 277-293.
    Nogami, T., Konagai, K. (1987) . Dynamic response of vertically loaded nonlinear pile foundations, J. GeoteckEngrg. Div. ASCE, 113(2) , 147-180.
    Nogami, T., Konagai, K. (1987) . Time domain axial response of dynamically loaded single piles, J. Engrg. Meck Div. ASCE, 112(11) , 1241-1252.
    Novak, M. and Aboul-Ella, F. (1978) . Impedance functions of piles in layered media, J. Engrg. Meck Div. ASCE, 104(6) , 643-661.
    Novak, M. and Nogami, T. (1978) . Dynamic soil reactions fro plane strain case, J. Engrg. Meck Div. ASCE, 104(4) , 953-959.
    Novak, M. and EI Shamouby, B. (1983) . Stiffness constants of single piles, J. Geotech. Engrg. Div. ASCE, 109(7) ,
    
    961-976.
    Novak, M. and Han, Y. C. (1990). Impedances of soil layer with boundary zone,J. Geotech. Engrg. Div ASCE, 116(6), 1008-1014.
    Rajapakse, R. K. N. D. (1988) A note on the elastodynamic load transfer problem, Int. J. Solids structures, 24(9), 963-972.
    Rajapakse, R. K. N. D. (1988a) A torsion load transfer problem for a class of non-homogeneous elastic solids, Int J. Solids structures, 24(9), 139-151.
    Rajapakse, R. K. N. D. and Shah, A. H. (1987) On the lateral harmonic motion of an elastic bar embedded in an elastic half-space, Int. J. Soilds structures, 23(2), 287-303.
    Rajapakse, R. K. N. D. and Shah, A. H. (1987a) On the longitudinal harmonic motion of an elastic bar embedded in an elastic half-space, Int. J. Solids structures, 23(2), 267-285.
    Rausche, F and Goble, G. G. (1985). Dynamic determination of pile capacity, J. Geotech. Engrg. Div. ASCE, 111(3), 367-383.
    Rajapakse, R, K. N. D. and Shah, A. H. (1987). Torsional vibrations of elastic foundations emvedded in an elastic half-space, Earthq. Engrg. Struct. Dyn, Vol. 15, 279-297.
    Rojas, E, Valle, C. And Romo, M. P. (1999). Soil-pile interface model for axially loaded single piles, Soils and Found, 39(4), 35-45.
    Saxena, S.K. and Reday, K. R. (1989). Dynamic moduli and damping ratios for Monterey no. 0 sand by resonant column tests, Soils and Found, 29(2), 37-51.
    Sen, R., Davies, T. G. and Banerjee, P. K. (1985), Dynamic analysis of piles groups embedded in homogeneous soils, Earthq. Engrg. Struct. Dyn, Vol. 13, 53-65.
    Sheng, Y. J., Liang, Y. R. (1994). Wave equation parameters from numerical simulation techniques, Soils and Found 34(2), 61-71.
    Sheta, M. and Novak, M. (1982). Vertical vibration of pile groups, J. Geotech Engrg. Div. ASCE, 108(4), 570-589
    Vaziri, H. H. and Xie, J. (1990). A method for analysis of axially loaded piles in nonlinear soils, Computers and Geotchnics, Vol. 10, 149-159.
    Wijeyewickrema, A. C. and Keer, L. M. (1986). Antiplane transient response of embedded cylinder, J. Engrg. Mech Div. ASCE, 112(6), 536-549.
    柴化友(1994)土阻尼对应力波在一维变波阻抗杆中传播的影响,土木工程学报,27(3):41-49.
    柴化友(1996)基桩低应变检测信号分析—与黄永林等同志商榷,岩土工程学报,18(5):100-101.
    柴化友,贺怀建(1993)应力波在波阻抗连续变化的弹性杆中的演化,岩土力学,14(1):59-65.
    曹汉志(1986)桩的轴向荷载传递及荷载—沉降曲线的数值计算方法,岩土工程学报,8(6):37-49.
    陈昌聚,王勇(1985)机械导纳法分析桩的纵向振动,湖南大学学报,12(2):85-94.
    
    
    陈国兴,谢君斐,张克绪(1995)土的动模量和阻尼比的经验估计,地震工程与工程振动,15(1):73-84.
    陈龙珠,梁国钱(1994)桩轴向荷载—沉降曲线的一种解析算法,岩土工程学报,16(6):30-38.
    陈龙珠,范明均(1991)桩基动测系列讲座(一),地基处理,2(3):43-58.
    陈龙珠,范明均(1991)桩基动测系列讲座(二),地基处理,2(4):26-33.
    陈云敏,陈仁朋(1997)利用桩顶加速度分析打桩时桩端土的静阻力,岩土工程学报,19(6):16-21.
    陈竹昌,徐和(1988)土类对轴向循环荷载下桩性状的影响,同济大学学报,17(3):329-335.
    范恩贵,张鸿庆(1997)非线性波动方程的孤波解,物理学报,46(7):1254-1257.
    干钢,吴世明(1996)桩基水平振动动力特性研究,浙江大学学报,30(5):490-495.
    顾家扬,裴捷(1993)低应变“桩—土”系统振动分析,振动与冲击,4:8-15.
    郭大兵(1995)8根静载试验桩的PDA测试分析,建筑结构,6:41-47.
    郭平,罗松南(1993)裂纹传递矩阵与缺陷桩的频率响应,岩土工程学报,15(1):16-22.
    郭平(1992)桩内应力波的频散现象及数学模型,振动工程学报,5(1):41-47.
    韩英才,M.Novak(1989)单桩非线性振动实用分析方法的研究,土木工程学报,22(3):39-47.
    何昌荣(1997)动模量和阻尼的动三轴试验研究,岩土工程学报,19(2):39-48.
    胡海岩(1993)结构阻尼模型及系统时域动响应,应用力学学报,10(1):34-43.
    胡元育,汤桃森,杨冰(1988)桩基无损检测中几个问题的探讨,岩土力学,9(2):65-70.
    黄锋,刘朝钢,李广信(1998)桩承载力确定方法的探讨,清华大学学报,38(1):28-32
    黄龙生,黄勇,李昭芳(1998)论桩基动力检验法,地震工程与工程振动,18(2):124-133.
    黄龙生,王东强,常世龙(1990)桩基动力检验方法的探讨,地震工程与工程振动,10(2):88-98.
    蒋镇华,龚晓南,曾国熙(1996)成层土单桩有限里兹单元法分析,浙江大学学报,30(4):366-374.
    金波,李志飙,顾尧章(1997),层状地基中的单桩沉降分析,岩土工程学报,19(5):35-42.
    金问鲁,骆敏(1991)桩基—土共同作用的连续化分析,岩土工程学报,13(5):79-84.
    姜忻良,丁学成(1993)桩土物理模型及结构—桩—土相互作用,6(2):143-152.
    柯李文(1991)PDA—CASE动力试桩研究,岩土工程学报,13(2):42-50.
    蒯行成,沈蒲生(1998)层状介质中群桩水平动力阻抗的简化计算方法,振动工程学报,11(3):258-264.
    李克安,唐驾时(1998)桩—土系统稳态激励的响应分析,工程力学,15(4):140-144.
    李素化,徐天平(1993)优化反分析方法在桩基工程中的应用,土木工程学报,26(1):13-19.
    李小军(1992)土的动力本构关系的一种简单函数表达式,岩土工程学报,14(5):90-94.
    廖红建,俞茂宏(1998)粘性土的弹粘塑本构方程及其应用,岩土工程学报,20(2):41-44.
    刘纯康(1989)桩垂直振动计算方法的试验研究,建筑结构学报,10(3):41-51.
    刘德顺,杨襄璧(1995)撞击沉桩系统的波动力学分析,建筑机械,9:29-31.
    
    
    罗惟德 (1990) 单桩承载机理分析与载荷—沉降曲线的理论推导,岩土工程学报,12(1):35-44.
    潘时声 (1990) 振动法与传递函数结合的试桩技术,岩土工程学报,12(6):63-69.
    皮齐宝 (1993) 振动锤的力学和数学模型,力学与实践,15(3):49-52.
    钱伟长 (1988) 大位移非线性弹性理论的变分原理和广义变分原理,应用数学和力学,9(1):1-11.
    邵光军,徐兆 (1995) 一类多自由强非线性振动系统主共振的渐近解法,力学学报,27(5):577-586
    沈锡英,宰金璋 (1992) 有阻尼单桩轴向激振和稳定性问题,振动与冲击,41(1):64-68.
    孙卫军,同维垣 (1990) 裂隙岩体弹塑性—损伤本构模型,岩石力学与工程学报,9(2):108-119.
    苏挺英 (1994) 用间断分解法解—维应力波波动问题,力学与实践,16(6):p51-54.
    唐念慈 (1992) 关于“动力测定桩承载力的方法”一文的讨论,岩土工程学报,4(1):91-95.
    吴军帅,姜朴 (1992) 土与混凝土接触面的动力剪切特性,岩土工程学报,14(2):61-66.
    吴文,吴玉山 (1998) 基桩低应变检测的一些实用技术,岩土力学,19(1):81-87.
    徐天平,吴绵拔 (1988) 桩身动态无损质量检测的模型试验研究,岩土力学,9(2):51-57.
    徐攸在 (1992) 动力测定桩承载力的方法,岩土工程学报,14(1):74-83.
    王从约,夏源明 (1998) 圆杆中弹性应力波的傅立叶弥散分析,爆炸与冲击,18(1):1-7.
    王靖涛 (1994) 桩基完整性动力检测的定量分析,施工技术,2:18-20.
    王奎华,谢康和,曾国熙 (1997) 有限长桩受迫振动问题解析解及其应用,岩土工程学报,19(6):27-35.
    王奎华,谢康和,曾国熙 (1998) 变截面阻抗桩受迫振动问题解析解及其应用土木工程学报,31(6):545-551.
    王奎华 (1999) 考虑桩体粘性的变阻抗桩受迫振动问题的解析解,振动工程学报,12(4):513-520.
    王熙,龚育宁 (1992) 弹性动力学轴对称问题的理论解,力学学报,24(1):93-101.
    王幼青,张克绪 (1994) 桩波动分析土反力模型研究,岩土工程学报,16(2):92-97.
    王子诚,王武林 (1992)“新编凯斯波动分析程序”的编制与应用,岩土力学,13(1):57-65.
    颜家壬,邹凤梧 (1989) 粘弹性阻尼对弹性杆内纵向孤波运动的影响,物理学报,38(8):1322-1327.
    杨学山,马树林,和建伟 (1997) 桩基检测仪器设备的研究,地震工程与工程振动,17(4):130-136.
    袁健,朱德懋,张永康 (1998) 桩墓完整性检测桩头响应的频域状态转移解法,振动工程学报,11(1):58-64.
    袁建新,朱国甫 (1990) 桩的大应变法波动分析优化算法程序,岩土工程学报,12(6):1-11.
    袁建新 (1982) 土的弹粘塑性关系,岩土工程学报,4(4):29-44.
    袁镒吾、李志坚 (1996) 变截面直杆纵向自由振动的一种解法,工程力学,13(3):105-113
    云天铨 (1980) 圆桩嵌入半空间的三维问题的一个简便的积分方程解法,固体力学学报,2:194-204.
    于德介,周先雁,谭勇 (1996) 用桩顶脉冲响应信号估计基桩桩身形状,振动与冲击,15(2):15-20.
    于印章,汪凤泉 (1996) 高应变单桩承载力动测分析方法的改进,岩土工程学报,18(5):42-45.
    宰金珉 (1996) 群桩与土和承台非线性共同作用分析的半解析半数值方法,建筑结构学报,17(1):63-74.
    
    
    张保良,姜洪伟,赵锡宏 (1996) 层状土中群桩沉降分析,上海力学,17(1):69-75.
    张杰 (1990) 声波法桩基质量无损检测中的波形分析,岩土力学,11(2):59-65.
    张景绘 (1995) 多项式非线性系统的频率响应特性,力学学报,27(3):316-325.
    张立翔,李崇孝 (1994) 非线性振动结构的识别,工程力学,11(2):110-121.
    张立翔,李崇孝 (1994) 线性振动结构的识别,工程力学,11(1):99-107.
    张军祥,苏洪,吴淦卿 (1996) 打桩引起地面震动的分析,力学与实践,18(4):35-37.
    张瑞萍,孙家驹 (1997) 弹性介质几何运动非线性问题的类孤波解,应用力学学报,14(1):99-102.
    张莹,李增选,祝龙根 (1998) 基桩完整性动力检测的定量分析,同济大学学报,26(6):650-653.
    章梓茂,陈英俊 (1993) 裂纹体弹性波敌射问题研究概述,力学进展,23(2):195-203.
    赵学勐 (1993) 关于“动力测定桩承载力的方法”一文的讨论,岩土工程学报,5(2):109-112.
    郑大同,王惠昌 (1983) 循环荷载作用下土的非线性应力应变模型,岩土工程学报,15(1):64-76.
    周叮 (1997),非均质变截面折线形梁面内振动的传递矩阵解法,强度与环境,4:16-19.
    朱镜清 (1992) 关于复阻尼理论的两个基本问题,固体力学学报,13(2):113-118.
    朱位秋 (1980) 弹性杆中的非线性波,固体力学学报,2:247-253.
    朱之基,赵维汉,王平汉 (1986) 用稳态扫频激振法 (机械阻抗法) 检验灌注桩质量的实验室研究和现场应用,湖南大学学报,13(3):36-42.
    庄蔚,杨桂通 (1986) 孤波在非线性弹性杆中的传播,应用数学和力学学报,7:571-581.
    钟冬波 (1996) 高应变动测桩曲线拟合及计算模型,工业建筑26(2):8-12.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700