大连地区节能住宅全寿命经济效益评价研究
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摘要
近年来,随着我国建筑总量和人们对舒适性要求的不断提高,建筑能耗总量不断攀升,现已占全社会总能耗的30%以上,与工业能耗、交通能耗并称为能源消耗的“三巨头”。我国建筑能耗的现状和发展趋势,使发展节能建筑成为实现可持续发展,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的必然选择。
我国建筑节能不但形势紧迫而且潜力巨大,占建筑面积60%以上的居住建筑更是建筑节能的重点,但一直以来,由于人们缺乏对节能住宅从全寿命周期的角度进行正确认识的理念,不能站在全寿命周期的角度来认识节能住宅的经济效益,不知道节能住宅到底能节省多少能?到底能带来多大的经济效益?使我国节能建筑的开发与建设举步维艰。因此有必要对节能住宅的经济性进行研究,本文以大连地区典型的节能住宅为研究对象,进行了以下研究:
首先,介绍了节能住宅全寿命费用的含义、构成、特点和分析时机,建立了一个动态、开放的全寿命费用估算模型,并对节能住宅的全寿命费用进行了分解和编码。
然后,通过引入全寿命费用分析的理念,运用现金流量计算方法,建立节能住宅全寿命经济效益评价指标的计算模型。通过DeST-h能耗模拟软件,对节能住宅与非节能住宅的全寿命能耗进行模拟,以计算年节能收益、差额净现值,投资回收期、全寿命费用等经济性指标,并对其进行敏感性分析。
其次,通过对目前并行的两套居住建筑节能设计方案综合评价指标体系的对比分析,提出最好用性能性评价指标来控制节能设计的观点,并针对其存在的缺陷,提出了具体的完善方法,最后建立了熵权决策法在节能设计方案优选中的应用模型,较好地解决了对居住建筑节能设计方案进行综合评价并进行优选的这一实际问题。
最后,以大连地区某节能示范住宅为例,对比分析节能住宅与非节能住宅的全寿命经济效益,验证了节能住宅具有良好的经济效益,以及运用基于熵权的多目标决策法来优选节能设计方案,可使节能性与经济性相统一的结论。
In recent years, with the development of our country's total building amount and people's increasing requirement of comfort, building energy consumption has been increased rapidly and accounted for more than 30% in total social energy consumption. It has been reputed "tri-giant" of energy consumption as well as the industrial and transport energy consumption. Due to the current situation and developing trend of building energy consumption in our country, it's an inevitable choice to develop energy-saving building in order to achieve sustainable development and build a resource-saving, environment-friendly society.
Energy-saving building in our country is not only urgent but also has great potential, especially the residential building which accounts for more than 60% of total building floor area, is the key field of energy saving. But all the time, people lack the correct concept to recognize energy-saving building and its economic benefit in the view of the life-cycle cost, they don't know how much energy it can save and how much economic benefit it can bring. Because of these, the development of energy-saving building in our country faces great difficulty. It is essential to carry out the study of energy-saving building's life-cycle economic benefit evaluation. This paper mainly selects a typical energy-saving residential building in Dalian area and does some research as follows:
Firstly, this article introduces the meanings, composition, characteristics and analytic time of energy-saving house's life-cycle cost. A dynamic and opening life-cycle cost estimation model is established, then breakdown and code the life-cycle cost of energy-saving building.
Secondly, by introducing the idea of life cycle cost analysis and the method of cash flow analysis, this article sets up the calculation model of energy-saving house's life-cycle economic evaluating index. By applying the DeST-h energy consumption simulation software to imitate energy-saving house and non energy-saving house's energy consumption, we can calculate these economical index including: annual energy-saving benefit, increment net present value, investment recovery period, life cycle cost , etc, then conduct sensitivity analysis on them.
Thirdly, through the comparison of two current appraisal index systems, the viewpoint of using capability appraisal index is put forward. Aimed at this system's defects, detail solving methods are put forward. Furthermore, based on the method of entropy proportion, the best selecting model of appraisal decision is established and does well in practice.
Finally, this article compares the life-cycle cost of energy-saving house with non energy-saving house by studying a case of Dalian area. The results show that: the energy-saving house has good economic benefit, and applying the multi-goal method based on entropy proportion in choosing the energy-saving design can unify the energy-saving and economic.
我国建筑节能不但形势紧迫而且潜力巨大,占建筑面积60%以上的居住建筑更是建筑节能的重点,但一直以来,由于人们缺乏对节能住宅从全寿命周期的角度进行正确认识的理念,不能站在全寿命周期的角度来认识节能住宅的经济效益,不知道节能住宅到底能节省多少能?到底能带来多大的经济效益?使我国节能建筑的开发与建设举步维艰。因此有必要对节能住宅的经济性进行研究,本文以大连地区典型的节能住宅为研究对象,进行了以下研究:
首先,介绍了节能住宅全寿命费用的含义、构成、特点和分析时机,建立了一个动态、开放的全寿命费用估算模型,并对节能住宅的全寿命费用进行了分解和编码。
然后,通过引入全寿命费用分析的理念,运用现金流量计算方法,建立节能住宅全寿命经济效益评价指标的计算模型。通过DeST-h能耗模拟软件,对节能住宅与非节能住宅的全寿命能耗进行模拟,以计算年节能收益、差额净现值,投资回收期、全寿命费用等经济性指标,并对其进行敏感性分析。
其次,通过对目前并行的两套居住建筑节能设计方案综合评价指标体系的对比分析,提出最好用性能性评价指标来控制节能设计的观点,并针对其存在的缺陷,提出了具体的完善方法,最后建立了熵权决策法在节能设计方案优选中的应用模型,较好地解决了对居住建筑节能设计方案进行综合评价并进行优选的这一实际问题。
最后,以大连地区某节能示范住宅为例,对比分析节能住宅与非节能住宅的全寿命经济效益,验证了节能住宅具有良好的经济效益,以及运用基于熵权的多目标决策法来优选节能设计方案,可使节能性与经济性相统一的结论。
In recent years, with the development of our country's total building amount and people's increasing requirement of comfort, building energy consumption has been increased rapidly and accounted for more than 30% in total social energy consumption. It has been reputed "tri-giant" of energy consumption as well as the industrial and transport energy consumption. Due to the current situation and developing trend of building energy consumption in our country, it's an inevitable choice to develop energy-saving building in order to achieve sustainable development and build a resource-saving, environment-friendly society.
Energy-saving building in our country is not only urgent but also has great potential, especially the residential building which accounts for more than 60% of total building floor area, is the key field of energy saving. But all the time, people lack the correct concept to recognize energy-saving building and its economic benefit in the view of the life-cycle cost, they don't know how much energy it can save and how much economic benefit it can bring. Because of these, the development of energy-saving building in our country faces great difficulty. It is essential to carry out the study of energy-saving building's life-cycle economic benefit evaluation. This paper mainly selects a typical energy-saving residential building in Dalian area and does some research as follows:
Firstly, this article introduces the meanings, composition, characteristics and analytic time of energy-saving house's life-cycle cost. A dynamic and opening life-cycle cost estimation model is established, then breakdown and code the life-cycle cost of energy-saving building.
Secondly, by introducing the idea of life cycle cost analysis and the method of cash flow analysis, this article sets up the calculation model of energy-saving house's life-cycle economic evaluating index. By applying the DeST-h energy consumption simulation software to imitate energy-saving house and non energy-saving house's energy consumption, we can calculate these economical index including: annual energy-saving benefit, increment net present value, investment recovery period, life cycle cost , etc, then conduct sensitivity analysis on them.
Thirdly, through the comparison of two current appraisal index systems, the viewpoint of using capability appraisal index is put forward. Aimed at this system's defects, detail solving methods are put forward. Furthermore, based on the method of entropy proportion, the best selecting model of appraisal decision is established and does well in practice.
Finally, this article compares the life-cycle cost of energy-saving house with non energy-saving house by studying a case of Dalian area. The results show that: the energy-saving house has good economic benefit, and applying the multi-goal method based on entropy proportion in choosing the energy-saving design can unify the energy-saving and economic.
引文
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