移动互联网的组播设计和实现
摘要
随着网络技术的发展,尤其是近年来多媒体应用的出现和无线接入技术的迅速发展,一方面,网络带宽急剧消耗,另一方面,人们迫切希望能够随时随地访问互联网。为了在下一代移动互联网应用中能够更有效地利用带宽,减少网络拥塞和延迟,移动环境中的组播应用引起了人们越来越多的重视,并在该领域展开了大量的研究。本论文在研究移动互联网协议的基础上,设计并实现了一种移动互联网组播方案。
论文首先综述了移动互联网技术的研究现状,并介绍了IPv6组播技术产生的背景、优势及研究现状。然后着重分析了PIM-SM协议、MLD协议、基本MIPv6协议、基本NEMOv6协议及两种基本的移动组播算法——双向隧道算法和远程加入算法。
在深入分析移动互联网协议及组播路由协议的基础上,论文给出了移动互联网组播的总体设计思想,并针对各个部分的功能模块进行分析及设计。该移动组播方案主要包括三部分内容:固定组播路由部分,MLD代理组播部分和移动终端部分。固定组播协议主要开发基于IPv6的PIM-SMv2协议;MLD代理组播部分主要是在家乡代理及移动路由器上实现对移动节点或移动网络的组播支持;移动终端部分是指在移动终端上开发支持移动的组播组管理协议。
论文进而基于移动互联网组播的设计思想,对移动互联网组播进行了详细的设计及实现。首先论述了其实现的流程,然后对各个模块的数据结构及函数流程进行了详细的设计及实现,主要包括内核兼容部分;MLD消息的构造、发送和接收处理;组播状态的建立和维护;及组播数据包的转发。
论文最后给出详细的测试结果,包括消息交互及流量分析。从而验证了本论文设计的移动互联网组播是一种切实可行的在移动互联网中提供组播服务的方案,具有一定的实用意义和价值。
本论文选题来源于国家发展和改革委员会下一代互联网示范工程2006年产业化及应用试验项目“互联网和移动通信融合的业务试验”(发改办高技[2006]2075号)。
With the development of Internet technology, especially the appearance of multimedia applications and the development of wireless access technology in recent years, network bandwidth is depleted sharply, while the pursuit of access to Internet anytime and anywhere has been urgently called. In order to use network bandwidth more efficiently and decrease network congestion and delay on the Next Generation Mobile Internet, the study of mobile multicast has drawn more attention, and mass research has been done. In this paper, a scheme of multicast for Mobile Internet is promoted and realized based on full and deep research of the mobile Internet protocol.
First, the paper summarizes the present condition of mobile Internet as well as the background, advantages and development of IPv6 multicast technology. Then it emphasizes on analysis of the PIM-SM protocol, MLD protocol, MIPv6 protocol, NEM0v6 protocol and two basic algorithms of mobile multicast which are usually known as bi-directional tunneling and remote subscription.
Second, based on the study of mobile Internet protocols and the multicast routing protocol, the paper presents the whole design idea of multicast for Mobile Internet including three parts including fixed multicast routing, MLD-Proxy multicast and mobile terminals.
Then, the paper presents the details of the design and realize of multicast for Mobile Internet. Not only the procedure of implementation but also the data structure and function procedure of each module are given,, which comprises four modules including kernel concurrently, the making, sending and receiving of MLD message, the building and maintenance of the multicast state, and the transmitting of the multicast data packet.
Last, the detailed test results, including interactive messages and traffic analysis, are shown, which in turn validates that the design in this paper a useful and valuable scheme who can offer multicast services for the mobile terminal.
This paper is supported by the grant from China National Development and Reform Commission under the project "Research on Integrated Services of Internet and Mobile Communications".
论文首先综述了移动互联网技术的研究现状,并介绍了IPv6组播技术产生的背景、优势及研究现状。然后着重分析了PIM-SM协议、MLD协议、基本MIPv6协议、基本NEMOv6协议及两种基本的移动组播算法——双向隧道算法和远程加入算法。
在深入分析移动互联网协议及组播路由协议的基础上,论文给出了移动互联网组播的总体设计思想,并针对各个部分的功能模块进行分析及设计。该移动组播方案主要包括三部分内容:固定组播路由部分,MLD代理组播部分和移动终端部分。固定组播协议主要开发基于IPv6的PIM-SMv2协议;MLD代理组播部分主要是在家乡代理及移动路由器上实现对移动节点或移动网络的组播支持;移动终端部分是指在移动终端上开发支持移动的组播组管理协议。
论文进而基于移动互联网组播的设计思想,对移动互联网组播进行了详细的设计及实现。首先论述了其实现的流程,然后对各个模块的数据结构及函数流程进行了详细的设计及实现,主要包括内核兼容部分;MLD消息的构造、发送和接收处理;组播状态的建立和维护;及组播数据包的转发。
论文最后给出详细的测试结果,包括消息交互及流量分析。从而验证了本论文设计的移动互联网组播是一种切实可行的在移动互联网中提供组播服务的方案,具有一定的实用意义和价值。
本论文选题来源于国家发展和改革委员会下一代互联网示范工程2006年产业化及应用试验项目“互联网和移动通信融合的业务试验”(发改办高技[2006]2075号)。
With the development of Internet technology, especially the appearance of multimedia applications and the development of wireless access technology in recent years, network bandwidth is depleted sharply, while the pursuit of access to Internet anytime and anywhere has been urgently called. In order to use network bandwidth more efficiently and decrease network congestion and delay on the Next Generation Mobile Internet, the study of mobile multicast has drawn more attention, and mass research has been done. In this paper, a scheme of multicast for Mobile Internet is promoted and realized based on full and deep research of the mobile Internet protocol.
First, the paper summarizes the present condition of mobile Internet as well as the background, advantages and development of IPv6 multicast technology. Then it emphasizes on analysis of the PIM-SM protocol, MLD protocol, MIPv6 protocol, NEM0v6 protocol and two basic algorithms of mobile multicast which are usually known as bi-directional tunneling and remote subscription.
Second, based on the study of mobile Internet protocols and the multicast routing protocol, the paper presents the whole design idea of multicast for Mobile Internet including three parts including fixed multicast routing, MLD-Proxy multicast and mobile terminals.
Then, the paper presents the details of the design and realize of multicast for Mobile Internet. Not only the procedure of implementation but also the data structure and function procedure of each module are given,, which comprises four modules including kernel concurrently, the making, sending and receiving of MLD message, the building and maintenance of the multicast state, and the transmitting of the multicast data packet.
Last, the detailed test results, including interactive messages and traffic analysis, are shown, which in turn validates that the design in this paper a useful and valuable scheme who can offer multicast services for the mobile terminal.
This paper is supported by the grant from China National Development and Reform Commission under the project "Research on Integrated Services of Internet and Mobile Communications".
引文
[1]张宏科.移动互联网络技术的现状与未来.电信科学.2004.
[2]B.Fenner,M.Handley,H.Holbrook,I.Kouvelas.Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode(PIM-SM):Protocol Specification(Revised)[S].RFC 4601.August 2006.
[3]S.Deering,W.Fenner,B.Haberman.Multicast Listener Discovery(MLD)for IPv6[S].RFC2710.October 1999.
[4]R.Vida,L.Costa.Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2(MLDv2)for IPv6[S].RFC 3810.June 2004.
[5]V.Devarapalli,R.Wakikawa,A.Petrescu.Network Mobility(NEMO)Basic Support Protocol[S].RFC 3963.January 2005.
[6]Corson S and Macker J.Mobile Ad hoc Networking(MANET):Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations[S].RFC 2501.January 1999.
[7]吴茜.移动互联网的组播研究[D].2006.4.
[8]岩延,郭江涛.《组播路由协议设计及应用》[M].人民邮电出版社.2002.
[9]S.Deering,R.Hinden.Internet Protocol,Version 6(IPv6)Specification[S].RFC2460.Sep 1998.
[10]D.Johnson,C.Perkins,J.Arkko.Mobility Support in IPv6[S].RFC 3775.June 2003.
[11]R.Koodli.Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6[S].RFC 4068.July 2005.
[12]H.Soliman,C.Castelluccia,K.El Malki.Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility Management[S].RFC 4140.August 2005.
[13]J.Moy.MOSPF:Analysis and Experience[S].RFC 1585.March 1994.
[14]Andrew Adams,Jonathan Nicholas.Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (PIM-DM):Protocol Specification(Revised)[S].RFC 3973.January 2005.
[15]A.Ballardie.Core Based Trees(CBT)Multicast Routing Architecture[S],RFC2201.Sep 1997.
[16]S.bhattacharyya.An Overview of Source-Specific Multicast(SSM)[S].RFC3569.Jul 2003
[17]Perkins C,Ed.IP Mobility Support for IPv4[S].RFC 3344.August 2002.
[18]Harrison T G,Williamson C L,Mackrell W L,Bunt R B.Mobile Multicast(MoM)Protocol:Multicast support for Mobile Hosts.Proceedings of the thirdannual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking (MOBICOM'97).ACM Press 1997.151-160
[19]Chikarmane V,Williamson C,Bunt R,Mackrell W.Multicast Support for Mobile Hosts Using Mobile IP:Design Issues and Proposed Architecture.Mobile Networks and Applications,ACM/Baltzer Mobile Networks and Applications,1998,3(4):365-379
[20]C.R.Lin and K.M Wang,Mobile multicast support in IP networks[C],IEEE INFOCOM 2000[A],2000 vol3,PP:1664-1672.
[21]YeMin-hua,Yang Lv-yun,Liu Yu,Zhang Hui-min,The Implement of Multicast in Mobile IP[C],IEEE WCNC 2003[A],2003,vol(3),PP:1796-1800.
[22]Jelger C.Multicast for Mobile Hosts in IP Networks:Progress and Challenges.IEEE Wireless Communications,2002,9(5):58-64
[23]Tan C Lin,Pink S.MobiCast:a multicast scheme for wireless networks.Mobile Networks and Applications,ACM/Baltzer Mobile Networks and Applications,2000,5(4):259-271
[24]F.Xia,B.Sarikaya.FMIPv6 extension for Multicast Handover,draft-xia-mipshop-fmip-multicast-00[S],September 2006
[25]Thomas C.Schmidt,Seamless Multicast Handover in a Hierarchical Mobile IPv6Environment(M-HMIPv6).draft-schmidt-waehlisch-mhmipv6-04[S].November 2005
[26]Fenner W.Internet Group Management Protocol,Version 2.RFC 2236.November 1997.
[27]Waitzman D,Partridge C,Deering S.Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP)[S].RFC 1075.1988
[28]B.Fenner,D.Meyer.Multicast Source Discovery Protocol(MSDP)IS].RFC3618.2003.
[29]T.Bates,R.Chandra,D.Katz,Y.Rekhter.Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4[S].RFC2283.February 1998
[30]G.Malkin.RIP Version 2 Carrying Additional Information[S].RFC 1388.January 1993
[31]S.Deering.Host extensions for IP multicasting[S].RFC1112.1989,9
[32]Fenner W.Internet Group Management Protocol[S],version2.RFC2236.November 1997
[33]Cain,B.Deering,S.Kouvelas,I.Fenner,A.Thyagarajan.Internet Group Management Protocol,Version 3[S].RFC 3376.October 2002.
[34]M.Calderon,C.J.Bernardos,M.Bagnulo.Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Route Optimization Solution for NEMO[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.Sept.2006.Volume 24(9).Page(s):1702-1716.
[35]Romdhani I,Kellil M,Lach HY,Bouabdallah A,Bettahar H.IP mobile multicast:Challenges and solutions.IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,2004,6(1):18-41.
[36]B.Fenner,H.He,B.Haberman,H.Sandick.Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)/ Multicast Listener Discovery(MLD)-Based Multicast Forwarding ("IGMP/MLD Proxying")[S],RFC 4605,August 2006.
[37][美]W.Richard Stevens,Bill Fenner著.杨继张 译.UNIX网络编程 第1卷::套接口API(第3版)[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2005.
[38][美]W.Richard Stevens,Stephen A.Rago著.尤晋元,张亚英,戚正伟 译.UNIX环境高级编程(第2版)[M].北京.人民邮电出版社.2006.
[39][美]W.Richard Stevens著.杨继张 译.UNIX网络编程 第2卷:进程间通信(第2版)[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2000.
[40][美]Richard Stevens.《TCP/IP详解(卷1,卷2)》[M].北京,机械工业出版社.2000,3.
[41][美]Robert Love.《Linux内核设计与实现》[M].北京,机械工业出版社.2005,3.
[42][美]Stephen Prata著.云巅工作室 译.C Primer Plus(第5版)[M].北京.人民邮电出版社.2005.
[43]黄国瑜,叶乃菁 著.数据结构(C语言版)[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2005.
[44]Romdhani I,Kellil M,Lach HY,Bouabdallah A,Bettahar H.IP mobile multicast:Challenges and solutions.IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,2004,6(1):18-41.
[2]B.Fenner,M.Handley,H.Holbrook,I.Kouvelas.Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode(PIM-SM):Protocol Specification(Revised)[S].RFC 4601.August 2006.
[3]S.Deering,W.Fenner,B.Haberman.Multicast Listener Discovery(MLD)for IPv6[S].RFC2710.October 1999.
[4]R.Vida,L.Costa.Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2(MLDv2)for IPv6[S].RFC 3810.June 2004.
[5]V.Devarapalli,R.Wakikawa,A.Petrescu.Network Mobility(NEMO)Basic Support Protocol[S].RFC 3963.January 2005.
[6]Corson S and Macker J.Mobile Ad hoc Networking(MANET):Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations[S].RFC 2501.January 1999.
[7]吴茜.移动互联网的组播研究[D].2006.4.
[8]岩延,郭江涛.《组播路由协议设计及应用》[M].人民邮电出版社.2002.
[9]S.Deering,R.Hinden.Internet Protocol,Version 6(IPv6)Specification[S].RFC2460.Sep 1998.
[10]D.Johnson,C.Perkins,J.Arkko.Mobility Support in IPv6[S].RFC 3775.June 2003.
[11]R.Koodli.Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6[S].RFC 4068.July 2005.
[12]H.Soliman,C.Castelluccia,K.El Malki.Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility Management[S].RFC 4140.August 2005.
[13]J.Moy.MOSPF:Analysis and Experience[S].RFC 1585.March 1994.
[14]Andrew Adams,Jonathan Nicholas.Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (PIM-DM):Protocol Specification(Revised)[S].RFC 3973.January 2005.
[15]A.Ballardie.Core Based Trees(CBT)Multicast Routing Architecture[S],RFC2201.Sep 1997.
[16]S.bhattacharyya.An Overview of Source-Specific Multicast(SSM)[S].RFC3569.Jul 2003
[17]Perkins C,Ed.IP Mobility Support for IPv4[S].RFC 3344.August 2002.
[18]Harrison T G,Williamson C L,Mackrell W L,Bunt R B.Mobile Multicast(MoM)Protocol:Multicast support for Mobile Hosts.Proceedings of the thirdannual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking (MOBICOM'97).ACM Press 1997.151-160
[19]Chikarmane V,Williamson C,Bunt R,Mackrell W.Multicast Support for Mobile Hosts Using Mobile IP:Design Issues and Proposed Architecture.Mobile Networks and Applications,ACM/Baltzer Mobile Networks and Applications,1998,3(4):365-379
[20]C.R.Lin and K.M Wang,Mobile multicast support in IP networks[C],IEEE INFOCOM 2000[A],2000 vol3,PP:1664-1672.
[21]YeMin-hua,Yang Lv-yun,Liu Yu,Zhang Hui-min,The Implement of Multicast in Mobile IP[C],IEEE WCNC 2003[A],2003,vol(3),PP:1796-1800.
[22]Jelger C.Multicast for Mobile Hosts in IP Networks:Progress and Challenges.IEEE Wireless Communications,2002,9(5):58-64
[23]Tan C Lin,Pink S.MobiCast:a multicast scheme for wireless networks.Mobile Networks and Applications,ACM/Baltzer Mobile Networks and Applications,2000,5(4):259-271
[24]F.Xia,B.Sarikaya.FMIPv6 extension for Multicast Handover,draft-xia-mipshop-fmip-multicast-00[S],September 2006
[25]Thomas C.Schmidt,Seamless Multicast Handover in a Hierarchical Mobile IPv6Environment(M-HMIPv6).draft-schmidt-waehlisch-mhmipv6-04[S].November 2005
[26]Fenner W.Internet Group Management Protocol,Version 2.RFC 2236.November 1997.
[27]Waitzman D,Partridge C,Deering S.Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP)[S].RFC 1075.1988
[28]B.Fenner,D.Meyer.Multicast Source Discovery Protocol(MSDP)IS].RFC3618.2003.
[29]T.Bates,R.Chandra,D.Katz,Y.Rekhter.Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4[S].RFC2283.February 1998
[30]G.Malkin.RIP Version 2 Carrying Additional Information[S].RFC 1388.January 1993
[31]S.Deering.Host extensions for IP multicasting[S].RFC1112.1989,9
[32]Fenner W.Internet Group Management Protocol[S],version2.RFC2236.November 1997
[33]Cain,B.Deering,S.Kouvelas,I.Fenner,A.Thyagarajan.Internet Group Management Protocol,Version 3[S].RFC 3376.October 2002.
[34]M.Calderon,C.J.Bernardos,M.Bagnulo.Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Route Optimization Solution for NEMO[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.Sept.2006.Volume 24(9).Page(s):1702-1716.
[35]Romdhani I,Kellil M,Lach HY,Bouabdallah A,Bettahar H.IP mobile multicast:Challenges and solutions.IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,2004,6(1):18-41.
[36]B.Fenner,H.He,B.Haberman,H.Sandick.Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)/ Multicast Listener Discovery(MLD)-Based Multicast Forwarding ("IGMP/MLD Proxying")[S],RFC 4605,August 2006.
[37][美]W.Richard Stevens,Bill Fenner著.杨继张 译.UNIX网络编程 第1卷::套接口API(第3版)[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2005.
[38][美]W.Richard Stevens,Stephen A.Rago著.尤晋元,张亚英,戚正伟 译.UNIX环境高级编程(第2版)[M].北京.人民邮电出版社.2006.
[39][美]W.Richard Stevens著.杨继张 译.UNIX网络编程 第2卷:进程间通信(第2版)[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2000.
[40][美]Richard Stevens.《TCP/IP详解(卷1,卷2)》[M].北京,机械工业出版社.2000,3.
[41][美]Robert Love.《Linux内核设计与实现》[M].北京,机械工业出版社.2005,3.
[42][美]Stephen Prata著.云巅工作室 译.C Primer Plus(第5版)[M].北京.人民邮电出版社.2005.
[43]黄国瑜,叶乃菁 著.数据结构(C语言版)[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2005.
[44]Romdhani I,Kellil M,Lach HY,Bouabdallah A,Bettahar H.IP mobile multicast:Challenges and solutions.IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,2004,6(1):18-41.