基于骑行安全性与舒适性的邮政自行车设计方法研究
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摘要
论文结合某邮政局提出的对现用邮政投递自行车的改进需求,探讨了基于骑行安全性与舒适性的自行车设计方法。
全文研究内容及结论概括如下:
一、利用有限元方法,分别对国外某型邮政自行车和国内邮政自行车在不同骑行条件和载货条件下进行了强度分析。利用分析数据,将两种车型进行对比,结果显示:虽然两种邮政自行车均符合强度要求,但是在应力分布、结构合理性等方面,该国外邮政自行车的设计优于国内邮政自行车。
二、基于骑行安全性要求,结合邮递员工作特点,对现用邮政投递自行车的车架结构及相关零部件设计提出了合理的改进方案。
三、对国内邮政自行车的前叉进行了有限元强度分析,找出了其容易失效的原因。同时,以降低最大应力值和轻量化为目标,提出了两种改进方案,并进行了对比分析,给出了合理方案。
四、借助表面肌电信号测试手段,对不同受试者在骑行过程中下肢表面肌电信号进行了采集。通过对信号的时域、频域分析,验证了基于人体生物力学的自行车仿真设计方法的有效性。通过分析实验数据,提出了频域指标MF的线性拟合方程的斜率可以作为自行车骑行舒适性的评价指标。采用该指标对国外和国内邮政自行车的骑行舒适性进行了对比,结果表明:前者的骑行舒适性优于后者。
该论文的研究成果对于自行车的自主创新设计具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
In this paper, according to the Post Office’s need to improve the mail bicycle, design method of mail bicycle based on riding safety and comfort is discussed.
The main research achievements are shown as follows:
1. Based on the consideration of riding safety, fatigue strength of Chinese and another country’s mail bicycles under different cycling and loading conditions are checked using finite element method before the following contrast. The result shows that although the two products both meet the fatigue strength requirement, the another country’s one is apparently superior in distribution of stress, structural rationality, etc.
2. Considering the recent bicycle structure and working environment of mail carriers under the preconditions of riding safety, some reasonable plans of bicycle structure and spare parts are proposed.
3. According to the Post Office’s real need, the Chinese bicycle’s front fork is checked in finite element method in order to find out the reason of its break. At the mean time, two new improvement plans are brought forward to reduce maximum stress as well as quality. The best plan which can not only improve the stress distribution of front fork under heavy loading conditions, but also make the quality range under control is searched in different ways.
4. In order to study the riding comfort of mail bicycle, the cycling experiment with surface electromyography analyzing method is made which involves different cyclers. Time and frequency domain analysis are made to testify the validity of simulation whose purpose is to measure the muscle forces as well as to improve bicycle designing theory. At the same time, the conclusion is drawn that another country’s bicycle is superior to the Chinese one in the consideration of muscle fatigue through the slope of linear fitting equation of MF which is seen as an evaluation index for muscle fatigue. This evaluation index is used to make a comparison between the recent and another country’s mail bicycles on riding comfort and it shows that the former one is superior to the latter one.
The achievement of this paper offers a great value to the innovation of bicycle designing method in theoretical and practical ways.
全文研究内容及结论概括如下:
一、利用有限元方法,分别对国外某型邮政自行车和国内邮政自行车在不同骑行条件和载货条件下进行了强度分析。利用分析数据,将两种车型进行对比,结果显示:虽然两种邮政自行车均符合强度要求,但是在应力分布、结构合理性等方面,该国外邮政自行车的设计优于国内邮政自行车。
二、基于骑行安全性要求,结合邮递员工作特点,对现用邮政投递自行车的车架结构及相关零部件设计提出了合理的改进方案。
三、对国内邮政自行车的前叉进行了有限元强度分析,找出了其容易失效的原因。同时,以降低最大应力值和轻量化为目标,提出了两种改进方案,并进行了对比分析,给出了合理方案。
四、借助表面肌电信号测试手段,对不同受试者在骑行过程中下肢表面肌电信号进行了采集。通过对信号的时域、频域分析,验证了基于人体生物力学的自行车仿真设计方法的有效性。通过分析实验数据,提出了频域指标MF的线性拟合方程的斜率可以作为自行车骑行舒适性的评价指标。采用该指标对国外和国内邮政自行车的骑行舒适性进行了对比,结果表明:前者的骑行舒适性优于后者。
该论文的研究成果对于自行车的自主创新设计具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
In this paper, according to the Post Office’s need to improve the mail bicycle, design method of mail bicycle based on riding safety and comfort is discussed.
The main research achievements are shown as follows:
1. Based on the consideration of riding safety, fatigue strength of Chinese and another country’s mail bicycles under different cycling and loading conditions are checked using finite element method before the following contrast. The result shows that although the two products both meet the fatigue strength requirement, the another country’s one is apparently superior in distribution of stress, structural rationality, etc.
2. Considering the recent bicycle structure and working environment of mail carriers under the preconditions of riding safety, some reasonable plans of bicycle structure and spare parts are proposed.
3. According to the Post Office’s real need, the Chinese bicycle’s front fork is checked in finite element method in order to find out the reason of its break. At the mean time, two new improvement plans are brought forward to reduce maximum stress as well as quality. The best plan which can not only improve the stress distribution of front fork under heavy loading conditions, but also make the quality range under control is searched in different ways.
4. In order to study the riding comfort of mail bicycle, the cycling experiment with surface electromyography analyzing method is made which involves different cyclers. Time and frequency domain analysis are made to testify the validity of simulation whose purpose is to measure the muscle forces as well as to improve bicycle designing theory. At the same time, the conclusion is drawn that another country’s bicycle is superior to the Chinese one in the consideration of muscle fatigue through the slope of linear fitting equation of MF which is seen as an evaluation index for muscle fatigue. This evaluation index is used to make a comparison between the recent and another country’s mail bicycles on riding comfort and it shows that the former one is superior to the latter one.
The achievement of this paper offers a great value to the innovation of bicycle designing method in theoretical and practical ways.
引文
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[2]耿涛,自行车史话,城市公共交通,2008,1:41
[3]刘立园,“以人为本”思想在自行车发展史中的体现,科学之友,2007,7B:111-112
[4]程宪春,朱志伟,孙淑红,折叠自行车设计研究,包装工程,2007,28(8):161-163
[5] John Pucher, Charles Komano, Paul Schimek. Bicycling renaissance in North America Recent trends and alternative policies to promote bicycling, Transportation Research, 1999, 33: 625-654
[6]武云甫,苗栓明,景洪兰,发展城市自行车专用道路,城市公用事业,2003,17(2):11~12
[7]江国强,陆滢,世界自行车行业现状及今后发展趋势(下),中国自行车,2006,12:9
[8]双喜,海外信息,中国自行车,2007,8:50~51
[9]中自协.2009年全国各省市自行车电动自行车产量一览表.中国自行车,2010,(4):15
[10]中国自行车协会, 2010年自行车产销量,中国自行车,2011,(2):19
[11]张佳盟,碳纤维自行车前叉之疲劳寿命分析,台湾逢甲大学,2007,(10):19
[12]青岛邮政局投递部,全球邮政自行车的发展现状,邮联,2010,(4):6
[13] Ferraresi C, Garibaldi L, Perocchio D, et al, Dynamic behaviour and optimization of frames for road and mountain bikes, In: the International Modal Analysis Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, 1998, 1: 387-393
[14] R P Carreira, Q H Ly, G Lagante et a1. A Bicycle Frame Finite Element Analysis: Smndard Tests and Common Cycling Situations Simulation. the 4th International Conference on the Engineering of Sport, 2001, 1: 87-93
[15] Champous Y, Vittecoq P, Maltais P, et al, Measuring the dynamic structural load of an off-road bicycle frame, Journal of Experimental Techniques, 2004, 2: 33-36
[16] Wojtowicki J L, Champoux Y, Thibault J, Modal properties of road bikes vs ridecomfort, In: the International Modal Analysis Conference, Kissimmee, FL, 2001, 1: 648-652
[17] Charlie Carpenter, Wojtowicki J, L Champoux, Y Thibault. Properties of road bikes vs ride comfort. In the International Modal Analysis Conference, Kissimmee, FL, 2001, 1648—652
[18]钟佩思,黄雪涛,卢立富,基于AWE的自行车车架的CAE分析,电脑知识与技术(学术交流),2007,(6):1710-1713
[19] Lothar Issler, Wolfgang Weise, Udo Merk, Investigation of the fatigue behaviour of a mountain bike steering bar , Materialpruefung/Materials Testing, 2007, 49(1-2): 25-30
[20] Holger Brackemann, Martin Hofmann, Investigation of the fatigue strength of bicycles by the Stiftung Warentest, Materialpruefung/Materials Testing, 2007, 49(1-2): 33-36
[21]项忠霞,卜研,张玉环,黄田,一种基于振动舒适性的山地自行车后悬架参数设计方法,天津大学学报,2008,41 (6):685-689
[22]赵德斌,樊军,历国柱,基于ANSYS的自行车车架拓扑优化设计,工程设计学报,2009,16 (5): 391-394
[23]张功学,田杨,基于ANSYS Workbench的变速自行车车架的有限元分析,微型机与应用,2009,(6): 63-65
[24]许文,考虑骑行者姿态的自行车设计方法研究与应用:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2009
[25]孙波,便携式自行车车架建模与有限元分析,机械工程与自动化,2009,(1):80-81
[26] Matthias Blumel, Veit Senner, Operational loads on sport bicycles, Materialpruefung/Materials Testing, 2010, 52(3): 142-147
[27]赵芳,周兴龙,九运会场地自行车500m计时赛出发动作的运动生物力学分析,中国体育科技,2002,38(10): 54-56
[28] Redfield R C, Extreme mountain biking dynamics: development of a bond graph model, In: the IASTED International Conference on Modeling and Simulation, Palm Springs, CA, USA, Anaheim: ACTA Press, 2003, 2: 450-455
[29] Redfield R C, Brian Self, Brian Fredrickson, et al, Motion measurements in the jumping of a mountain bike, Journal of Instrumentation, Systems and Automation Society, 2004: 43-50
[30] Redfield R C, Planar、large excursion bond graph model for full suspensionmountain biking, In: the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Divesion, Orlando, Folrida USA, New York: ASME, 2005: 1157-1165
[31]项忠霞,基于振动舒适性的山地自行车后悬架系统优化设计:[博士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2008
[32]刘晗,山地自行车骑行动态性能分析:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2007
[33] XIANG Z X, TIAN G, XU W, GUAN X, Load on Bicycle Frame while Cycling with Different Speeds and Gestures, Transactions of Tianjin University, 2011(4): 270-274
[34]曹成珠,场地自行车运动员专项踏蹬力量的分析研究,中国新技术新产品,2009,(14),234
[35]周志雄,张凡,季钢,公路自行车运动员下肢力量和无氧能力的研究,首都体育学院学报,2010,22(2),43-47
[36]范育飞,不同角速度下自行车运动员髋关节肌群等速向心收缩的肌力研究,体育成人教育学刊,2011,27(4),69-70
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