基于产品符号认知的创新设计过程模型构建与应用研究
|
摘要
符号消费已成为一种新的消费趋势,用户认知产品创意的方式正在由过去的“实用功能的使用”转变为“符号意义建构和审美情感体验”。基于此,本文的研究目标是在解析产品符号及其用户认知特征的基础上,以全面的“用户-产品符号”之间的交互过程和交互方式为导向,构建基于产品符号认知的创新设计的过程模型,提出创新设计实用方法。
结合符号系统理论和产品系统理论,解析了产品符号的物理属性、意图属性、时间属性和空间属性;描述了扩展的产品符号信息交流过程(工业设计师→草图→工程图→产品→商品→用品→用户感知→用户反应)、产品符号与用户之间的宏观信息交流方式和微观信息交流方式。
引入认知心理学和美学理论,从审美印象、语义阐释、象征联系等3个方面剖析和总结了产品符号在语境、使用经验、产品心理模型、群体类型和使用条件等因素影响下的用户认知规律。阐释了产品符号用户认知过程中审美印象、语义阐释、象征联系之间的互动作用方式,揭示了认知反应与情感反应和行为反应之间的关系,即认知主导情感,情感影响认知,认知与行为交替进行。
从“用户-产品符号”交互过程中多方交互关系出发,在格罗提出的FBS设计过程模型的基础上引入了新的设计变量——“认知”,构建了PFBCS设计过程模型及其扩展模型。根据不同的产品符号用户认知方式,提出了PFBCS设计过程模型的3个基本设计模式——PFBS、PFCS和PFBCS。对2009年红点产品概念设计获奖作品创新输出进行了统计分析,结果显示,主要从认知角度进行创新的占获奖作品总数的34.1%。
基于扩展的PFBCS模型,提出了产品草图符号的认知涌现与未预见性发现驱动的创新设计方法。以“用户-产品符号”之间的交互关系为基础,构建了产品案例符号认知的基本语义网络模型,提出了案例符号认知语义网络模型扩散驱动的基本创新设计方法;进一步从时间属性和空间属性变换的角度,提出了行为过程细分扩散语义网络模型驱动的创新设计方法和使用情境类推扩散语义网络模型驱动的创新设计方法。进行了两组基于产品案例符号认知的创新设计实验,对结果的比较分析表明,案例符号的认知语义网络模型有助于设计师多角度地快速创新出符合预期设计意图的设计结果。
Symbolic consumption has been a new current,therefore, the focus of users’cognition to innovative product has transferred from using of applied function to constructing of symbolic meanings and experiencing of aesthetic feelings. Based on this context, the purpose of this research is to construct creative product design process models and applied methods based on systematic analysis of product sign and its cognitive characters, these design process models and methods are oriented with comprehensive interaction between user and product sign.
Combining with systematic theories of semiotics and product, this research explored the physical attribute, intentional attribute, temporal attribute and spatial attribute of product sign. Then, outlined the expanded communication process of product sign meaning, such as‘industrial designer→sketches→engineering drawing→product→commodity→appliance→user’s apperceive→user’s response’. Based on these, this research outlined the macro communication manner and the micro communication manner between user and product sign.
Importing the theories of cognitive psychology and aesthetics, this research explored three kinds of users’cognitive responses to product sign, such as aesthetics impression, semantic interpretation and symbolic association. Moreover, this research analyzed five kinds of influences—context, literacy of use, mental models of product, population stereotype and conditions of sue, to these cognitive responses. Then, this research exposited the interactive manners among aesthetic impression, semantic interpretation and symbolic association, and the relations between cognitive response, affective response and behavioral response. The results suggest that cognition dominate affection, affection influence cognition, cognition alternate behavior.
Orienting by interactive multi-relations of‘user-product sign’, basing on Gero’s FBS framework, this research constructed a basic creative product design process based on product sign recognition-PFBCS model, by importing a new design variable-Cognition. Mover, this research outlined the expended PFBCS framework, and offered three kind design processes of PFBCS model, such as PFBS, PFCS and PFBCS. Then, by statistic analyzing of creative designs awarded Red Dot Design Concept 2009, this research suggest that the awarded works creating from the perspective of cognition cover 34.1% of the total awarded living good designs.
Based on the expended PFBCS framework, this research offered a creative design method driven by cognitive emergence and unexpected discoveries of sketches. Then, based on the interactive relations of‘user-product sign’, this research constructed the basic semantic network model of product case-sign cognition, and offered the basic creative design method driven by spreading of this semantic network model. Moreover, from the transforming perspective of temporal attribute and spatial attribute, this research offered a creative design method driven by spreading of semantic network model through behavior process subdividing, and a creative design method driven by spreading of semantic network model through usage scenarios analogying. Then, by two creative design experiments and statistic analysis of creating sketch-schemes, this research suggests that semantic network model of product case-sign cognition is very useful for designers to quickly create designs from multi-perspectives, and these designs can accord with the expected purpose.
结合符号系统理论和产品系统理论,解析了产品符号的物理属性、意图属性、时间属性和空间属性;描述了扩展的产品符号信息交流过程(工业设计师→草图→工程图→产品→商品→用品→用户感知→用户反应)、产品符号与用户之间的宏观信息交流方式和微观信息交流方式。
引入认知心理学和美学理论,从审美印象、语义阐释、象征联系等3个方面剖析和总结了产品符号在语境、使用经验、产品心理模型、群体类型和使用条件等因素影响下的用户认知规律。阐释了产品符号用户认知过程中审美印象、语义阐释、象征联系之间的互动作用方式,揭示了认知反应与情感反应和行为反应之间的关系,即认知主导情感,情感影响认知,认知与行为交替进行。
从“用户-产品符号”交互过程中多方交互关系出发,在格罗提出的FBS设计过程模型的基础上引入了新的设计变量——“认知”,构建了PFBCS设计过程模型及其扩展模型。根据不同的产品符号用户认知方式,提出了PFBCS设计过程模型的3个基本设计模式——PFBS、PFCS和PFBCS。对2009年红点产品概念设计获奖作品创新输出进行了统计分析,结果显示,主要从认知角度进行创新的占获奖作品总数的34.1%。
基于扩展的PFBCS模型,提出了产品草图符号的认知涌现与未预见性发现驱动的创新设计方法。以“用户-产品符号”之间的交互关系为基础,构建了产品案例符号认知的基本语义网络模型,提出了案例符号认知语义网络模型扩散驱动的基本创新设计方法;进一步从时间属性和空间属性变换的角度,提出了行为过程细分扩散语义网络模型驱动的创新设计方法和使用情境类推扩散语义网络模型驱动的创新设计方法。进行了两组基于产品案例符号认知的创新设计实验,对结果的比较分析表明,案例符号的认知语义网络模型有助于设计师多角度地快速创新出符合预期设计意图的设计结果。
Symbolic consumption has been a new current,therefore, the focus of users’cognition to innovative product has transferred from using of applied function to constructing of symbolic meanings and experiencing of aesthetic feelings. Based on this context, the purpose of this research is to construct creative product design process models and applied methods based on systematic analysis of product sign and its cognitive characters, these design process models and methods are oriented with comprehensive interaction between user and product sign.
Combining with systematic theories of semiotics and product, this research explored the physical attribute, intentional attribute, temporal attribute and spatial attribute of product sign. Then, outlined the expanded communication process of product sign meaning, such as‘industrial designer→sketches→engineering drawing→product→commodity→appliance→user’s apperceive→user’s response’. Based on these, this research outlined the macro communication manner and the micro communication manner between user and product sign.
Importing the theories of cognitive psychology and aesthetics, this research explored three kinds of users’cognitive responses to product sign, such as aesthetics impression, semantic interpretation and symbolic association. Moreover, this research analyzed five kinds of influences—context, literacy of use, mental models of product, population stereotype and conditions of sue, to these cognitive responses. Then, this research exposited the interactive manners among aesthetic impression, semantic interpretation and symbolic association, and the relations between cognitive response, affective response and behavioral response. The results suggest that cognition dominate affection, affection influence cognition, cognition alternate behavior.
Orienting by interactive multi-relations of‘user-product sign’, basing on Gero’s FBS framework, this research constructed a basic creative product design process based on product sign recognition-PFBCS model, by importing a new design variable-Cognition. Mover, this research outlined the expended PFBCS framework, and offered three kind design processes of PFBCS model, such as PFBS, PFCS and PFBCS. Then, by statistic analyzing of creative designs awarded Red Dot Design Concept 2009, this research suggest that the awarded works creating from the perspective of cognition cover 34.1% of the total awarded living good designs.
Based on the expended PFBCS framework, this research offered a creative design method driven by cognitive emergence and unexpected discoveries of sketches. Then, based on the interactive relations of‘user-product sign’, this research constructed the basic semantic network model of product case-sign cognition, and offered the basic creative design method driven by spreading of this semantic network model. Moreover, from the transforming perspective of temporal attribute and spatial attribute, this research offered a creative design method driven by spreading of semantic network model through behavior process subdividing, and a creative design method driven by spreading of semantic network model through usage scenarios analogying. Then, by two creative design experiments and statistic analysis of creating sketch-schemes, this research suggests that semantic network model of product case-sign cognition is very useful for designers to quickly create designs from multi-perspectives, and these designs can accord with the expected purpose.
引文
[1] Krippendorff K. The Semantic Turn: A New Foundation for Design[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2006:140-145,179-180.
[2] Cross N. Designerly ways of knowing [M]. London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2006:51-57.
[3] Paul G. Beitz W. Engineering Design [M]. London:The Design Council,1984:112-135.
[4]陈超萃.设计认知-设计中的认知科学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:31-35.
[5] Crilly N, Moultrie J, Clarkson J. Seeing things: consumer response to the visual domain in product design[J]. Design Studies,2004,25 (6):547-577.
[6] Krippendorff K. On communicating[M]. New York: Madison Ave, 2009:174-177.
[7] Buchanan R. Design research and the new learning [J]. Design Issues, 2001,17(4):3-23.
[8] Krippendorff K. On the essential contexts of artifacts or on the proposition that "Design is making sense (of Things)" [J]. Design Issues, 1989,5(2):9-39.
[9] Gero J S, Kannengiesser U. The situated function-behavior-structure framework. Design studies, 2004, 25(4):373-391.
[10] Crilly N,Good D,Matravers D,et al. Design as communication: exploring the validity and utility of relating intention to interpretation[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (5):425-457.
[11] Howard T J,Culley S J,Dekoninck E. Describing the creative design process by the integration of engineering design and cognitive psychology literature[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (2):160-180.
[12] Vermaas P E, Dorst K. On the conceptual framework of John Gero’s FBS-model and the prescriptive aims of design methodology[J]. Design Studies,2007,28 (2):133-157.
[13] Galle P. The ontology of Gero’s FBS model of designing. Design studies, 2009, 30(4):321-339.
[14] Suwa M,Gero J S,Purcell T. Unexpected discoveries and S-innovation of design requirements: important vehicles for a design process[J]. Design Studies,2000,21 (6):539-567.
[15] Hartley R T,Barnden J A. Semantic networks:visualizations of knowledge[J]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences,1997,1(5):169-175.
[16] Tseng I, Moss J, Cagan J. The role of timing and analogical similarity in the stimulationof idea generation in design[J]. Design Studies,2008,29(3):203-221.
[17] Cross N. Descriptive models of creative design: application to an example[J]. Design Studies,1997,18(4):427-455.
[18] Suwa M,Purcell T,Gero J S. Macroscopic analysis of design processes based on a scheme for coding designers’cognitive actions [J]. Design studies, 1998, 19(4):455-483.
[19] Cross N. Forty years of design research[J]. Design Studies,2007,28 (1):1-4.
[20] Crilly N, Moultrie J, Clarkson P J. Shaping things intended consumer response and the other determinants of product form[J]. Design Studies,2009,30 (3):224-254.
[21] Gero J S. Cognition and design[J]. Design Studies,1996,17 (4):337-340.
[22] Cross N. Designerly ways of knowing: design discipline versus design science [J], Design Issues, 2001,17(3):49-55.
[23]侯悦民,季林红,金德闻.设计的科学属性及核心[J].科学技术与辩证法,2007,24(3):23-28.
[24]布坎南,马格林著.发现设计:设计研究探讨[M].周丹丹,刘存译.南京:江苏美术出版社,2010:112-147.
[25]加洛蒂著.认知心理学[M].吴国宏等译.西安:陕西师范大学出版社,2005:60-63.
[26]史忠植.认知科学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2008:239-241,433-435.
[27]马格林著.人造世界的策略:设计与设计研究论文集[M].金晓霞译.南京:江苏美术出版社,2009:47-54.
[28]西蒙著.人工科学:复杂性面面观[M].武夷山译.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2004:103-113.
[29]马格林编著.设计问题—历史·理论·批评[M].柳沙等译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:86-105.
[30]魏屹东.认知科学哲学问题研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:250-253,312-314.
[31]鲍德里亚著.消费社会[M].刘成富,全志钢译.第3版.南京:南京大学出版社,2008:66-69.
[32]卡梅尔-亚瑟编著.菲利普·斯塔克[M].连冕译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002:11-12.
[33]王文正,林荣泰,王明旭等.产品类型影响创意认知的相关研究[J].艺术学报(革新版),2006(04):17-37.
[34]罗伯特·L·索尔索著.认知心理学[M].何华主译.南京:江苏教育出版社,2005:13-20.
[35]李乐山.工业设计思想基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:1-30.
[36]赵江洪.设计和设计方法研究四十年[J].装饰,2008(9):44-47.
[37]卡根,沃格尔著.创造突破性产品—从产品策略到产品定案的创新[M].辛向阳,蟠龙译.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:99-123.
[38] Liu Y T. Creativity or novelty?[J]. Design studies,2000,21(3):261-276.
[39] Niedderer K. Designing mindful interaction: the category of performance object[J], Design Issues, 2007,23(2):3-17.
[40] Goel P S, Nanua Singh. Creativity and innovation in durable product development[J]. Computers ind. Engng, 1998,35(1):5-8.
[41] You H, Chen K. Applications of affordance and semantics in product design[J]. Design Studies,2007,28 (6):23-38.
[42] Kokotovich V. Problem analysis and thinking tools: an empirical study of non-hierarchical mind mapping[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (1):49-69.
[43] Dorst K. Design problems and design paradoxes[J]. Design Issues,2006,22(3):4-17.
[44] Kavakli M, Gero J S. Sketching as mental imagery processing [J]. Design studies, 2001, 22(4):347-364.
[45] Ma Q,Isahara H. Semantic networks represented by adaptive associative memories[J]. Neurocomputing,2000,34(4):207-225.
[46] Norman D A. Creating an evocative user experience involves tapping into our most powerful method of recall and recognition[EB/OL]. http://www. metropolismag.com /story /20090318/selective–memories,2009-06-10.
[47]李小青.基于用户心理研究的用户体验设计[J].情报科学,2010,28(5):763-767.
[48]胡浩,赵君.从“产品造型”到“产品界面”—论工业设计思维方式的改变[J].浙江理工大学学报,2005,22(2):162-164.
[49]李砚祖.设计艺术学的结构与体系[C].见:陈汉青主编.中国·2003交叉性艺术学科建设与发展国际学术研讨会论文集.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:32-38.
[50]吴志军,李亮之,陈雨,蔡彦.工业设计学科及其研究杂谈[J].创意与设计,2010,(6):47-52.
[51] Findeli A. Rethinking design education for the 21st century: theoretical, methodology -cal, and ethical discussion [J]. Design Issues, 2003, 17(1): 5-17.
[52]阿吉里斯,舍恩著.实践理论:提高专业效能[M].邢清清,赵宁宁译.北京:教育科学出版社,2008:18-19.
[53]马克斯·本泽,伊丽莎白·瓦尔特著.广义符号学及其在设计中的应用[M].徐恒醇编译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1992:25-30.
[54]张宪荣.设计符号学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:16-20.
[55]卡尔韦著.结构与符号:罗兰·巴尔特传[M].车槿山译.北京:北京大学出版社,1997:2-6.
[56]谢冬冰.表现性的符号形式:“卡西尔-朗格美学”的一种解读[M].上海:学林出版社,2008:64-69.
[57]王立业.洛特曼学术思想研究[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2006:124-143.
[58] Andrews E. Text and culture continuous discontinuity in Lotman and Zamjatin[J]. Russian Literature,2001,(5):347-369.
[59]吴风.艺术符号美学:苏珊·朗格符号美学研究[M].北京:北京广播学院出版社,2002:121-130.
[60] Khalifa M,Liu V. Semantic network representation of computer-mediated discussions: conceptual facilitation form and knowledge acquisition[J]. The International Journal of Management Science,2006,36(6):252-266.
[61]唐林.产品概念设计基本原理及方法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006:22-50.
[62]吴志军,那成爱.产品系统设计的内涵及其思维方式[J].装饰,2005,(4):44.
[63]吴翔.产品系统设计—产品设计(2)[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000:1-5.
[64]张同.产品系统设计[M].上海:上海人民美术出版社,2004:10-16.
[65]张凌浩.产品的语意[M].第二版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:72-74.
[66]陈慎任,马海波.产品形态语义设计实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:43-48.
[67] Petiot J F,Yannou B. Measuring consumer perceptions for a better comprehension, specification and assessment of product semantics[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2004,33(12):507-525.
[68]苏建宁,江平宇,朱斌等.感性工学及其在产品设计中的应用研究.西安交通大学学报,2004(1):60-63.
[69] Hsiao S W,Huang H C. A neural network based approach for product form design[J]. Design Studies,2002,23 (1):67-84.
[70]李亮之,郑铭磊,赵娟.设计符号与产品的趣味性[J].包装工程,2007,28(6):159-161.
[71]魏喆，冯毅雄，谭建荣，李中凯.支持公理设计的产品符号语义模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,47(2):1924-1927.
[72]张军,赵江洪.意象尺度法与产品设计研究[J].装饰,2002,(7):21.
[73]吴志军,那成爱.符号学在产品系统设计中的应用[J].装饰,2004(7):37.
[74]唐纳德·A·诺曼著.设计心理学[M].梅琼译.北京:中信出版社,2003:82-90.
[75] Kanis H. Usage centred research for everyday product design[J]. Applied Ergonomics,1998,29(1):75-82.
[76]赵江洪.设计心理学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004:46-51.
[77]谭征宇.面向用户感知信息的产品概念设计技术研究[D]: [博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[78](德)库尔特·考夫卡著.格式塔心理学原理[M].黎炜译.杭州:浙江教育出版社,1997.
[79] Kumar D. Demand modeling for enterprise-driven product design[D]: [博士学位论文]. Illinois: Field of Mechanical Engineering of The University of Northwestern,2007.
[80]李彬彬.设计效果心理评价[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2005:145-147.
[81]张春河,方芳.产品形象形成与线索理论的研究[M].北京:中国时代经济出版社,2007:39-40.
[82] Moscovitch M,Nadel L,Winocur G,etc. The cognitive neuroscience of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory[J]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology,2006,16(3):179-190.
[83]张杰,康澄.结构文艺符号学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004:43-65.
[84]周建安.论语用推理机制的认知心理理据[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),1997,(3):32-36.
[85]关立文,黄洪钟,赵正佳,王知行.机械产品概念设计:综述与展望[J].机械设计,2001,(8):5-9.
[86]孙菁.基于意象的产品造型设计方法研究[D]: [博士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[87] Feijs L,Meinel F. A formal approach to product semantics with an application to sustainable design[J]. Design Issues,2005,21(3):67-81.
[88] Rosenman M A,Gero J S. Purpose and function in design: from the socio-cultural to the techno-physical[J]. Design Studies,1998,19 (2):161-186.
[89] Moalosi R,Popovic V,Anne H H. Culture-orientated product design[J]. Int. J Technol Des Educ. 2008(10):8-23.
[90] Buchanan R. Children of the Moving Present: The Ecology of Culture and the Search for Causes in Design[J]. Design Issues,2001,17(1):67-84.
[91]李波.审美情境与美感—美感的人类学分析[D]: [博士学位论文].上海:复旦大学,2005.
[92]朱大明,周建萍.“接受美学”在建筑评论中的地位[J].时代建筑,1991,(1):12-14.
[93]周建萍.“期待视野”中的审美视界[J].名作欣赏,2008,(7):133-136.
[94] Siu K W M. User’s creative responses and designers’roles[J]. Design Issues,2003,19(2):64-73.
[95]张永红,陈国定,陈作模.产品设计事例的描述框架和创新行为研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2003,21(2):207-210.
[96]檀润华.产品创新设计若干问题研究进展[J].机械工程学报,2003,39(9):11-16.
[97]邹慧君,张青,郭为忠.广义概念设计的普遍性、内涵及理论基础的探索[J].机械设计与研究,2004,20(3):10-14.
[98]韩晓建,邓家褆.产品概念设计过程的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2000,6(1):14-17.
[99]刘传凯.产品创意设计[M].北京:中国青年出版社,2005:21-24.
[100]张建明,魏小鹏,张德珍.产品概念设计的研究现状及其发展方向[J].计算机集成制造系统,2003,9(8):613-618.
[101]檀润华,王庆禹.产品设计过程模型、策略与方法综述[J].机械设计,2000,(11):1-3.
[102]谭浩,赵江洪,王巍,张军.产品造型设计思维模型与应用[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(5):98-101.
[103]刘晓明.意象的逻辑:创造性思维的首要推动者[J].自然辩证法研究,2003,19(8):32-36.
[104]高丽,曾庆良,范文慧.多学科设计优化研究及发展趋势分析[J].工程设计学报,2007,14(6):429-434.
[105] Li Y,Wang J,Li X L,etc. Design creativity in product innovation[J]. Int. Adv Manuf Technol,2006,34(1):170-179.
[106]庄越挺,潘红,潘云鹤.关于设计思维与模型的研究报告[J].浙江大学学报(自然科学版) ,1997,31(1):72-80.
[107]俞杰,田为,耿卫东,潘云鹤.创造性思维模拟方法综述[J].计算机应用研究,1999(3):15-18
[108]张闻睿.工业设计方法与设计思维[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1999,32(10):101-104
[109]王靖滨,俞杰,耿卫东,潘云鹤.基于FBS的产品创新设计模型[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(11):824-826.
[110] Verstijnen I M, Hennessey J M, Leeuwen C V, et al. Sketching and creative discovery. Design studies, 1998, 19(4):519-546.
[111] Huang Y S. Investigating the cognitive behavior of generating idea sketches through neural network systems. Design studies, 2008, 29(1):70-91.
[112] Gown A M, Green G, Paul A. R. Visibal ideals: information patterns of conceptual sketch activity. Design studies, 1998, 19(4):431-453.
[113]韩晓建,邓家褆.产品概念设计过程的知识表达[J].制造业自动化,1999,(5):1-3.
[114]任工昌,刘永红,张优云.产品创新中点状问题的解决原理及辅助设计系统的实现[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(3):32-37.
[115] Denscombe M. The Good Research Guide for Small-Scale Social Research Projects [M]. Philadephia: Open University Press,1998:42-48.
[116]李立新.设计艺术学研究方法[M].南京:江苏美术出版社,2009:187-190.
[117]白茜.文化文本的意义研究:洛特曼语义观剖析[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2007:77-90.
[118]萧净宇.洛特曼符号学—美学阐释中艺术文本的特色[J].俄罗斯文艺,2005 (2):56-58.
[119]唐纳德·A·诺曼.情感化设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:23-24.
[120]汉娜著.设计元素:罗伊娜·里德·科斯塔罗与视觉构成关系[M].李乐山等译.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003:54-64.
[121]吴志军,李亮之,徐人平.产品形态符号系统及其创新设计研究[J].包装工程,2010,31(14):39-42.
[122]罗越.视觉传达[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1996:40-43.
[123]苗力田.古希腊哲学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1996:142-143.
[124]加瑞特著.用户体验的要素:以用户为中心的Web[M].范晓燕译.北京:机械工业出版社,2007:4-5
[125]特里斯,阿伯特著.用户体验度量[M].周荣刚等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2009:40-45.
[126]伍庆.消费社会与消费认同[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009:116-121.
[127]罗仕鉴,朱上上.用户体验与产品创新设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:71-74.
[128]丹尼尔·米勒著.物质文化与大众消费[M].费文明,朱晓宁译.南京:江苏美术出版社,2010:109-121.
[129]田自秉.中国工艺美术史[M].上海:东方出版中心,1985:41-44.
[130]柳冠中.事理学论纲[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2006:15-30.
[131]萧世文,郑佳露.同步设计策略与保温瓶设计之应用研究[J].工业设计,2010,38(1):1-6.
[132]李砚祖.扩展的符号与设计消费的社会学[J].南京艺术学院学报(美术与设计版),2007(4):8-11.
[133]罗伯特·梅斯勒著,周邦宪译.过程-关系哲学—浅释怀特海[M].贵阳:贵州人名出版社,2009:2-6.
[134] Lloyd P,Snelders D. What was Philippe Starck thinking of? [J]. Design Studies,2003,24 (3):237-253.
[135]费多益.记忆的建构理论研究[J].哲学动态,2010(8):92-98.
[136] Dudas R B, Clague F, Thompson S A, etc. Episodic and semantic memory in mild cognitive impairment [J]. Neuropsychologia,2005,43(4):1266-1276.
[137]春水.美与审美的评价论和语用学阐释[J].浙江大学学报(人文社科版),2002,32(1):129-135.
[138]彭锋.完美的自然:当代环境美学的哲学基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005:24-28.
[139]劳承万.审美中介论[M].上海:上海文艺出版社,2001,p106-107.
[140]曹晖.视觉形式的美学研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2009,p160-164.
[141]谢友柏.现代设计理论中的若干基本概念[J].机械工程学报,2007,43(11):7-16.
[142] Kalay Y E. Performance-based design[J]. Automation in Construction,1999,8(2):395-409.
[143]范景中.贡布里希论设计[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2001:31-32.
[144]王刚.“无意义”的意义—现代视觉设计的形式审美[J].东华大学学报(社会科学版),1990,(5):69-72.
[145]查尔斯·查德维克著.象征主义[M].肖津译.太原:北岳文艺出版社,1989:1-4.
[146]卢瑞,张萍.消费文化[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:116-121.
[147]许葵花.认知语境语义阐释功能的实证研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:18-20.
[148]原研哉著,朱锷译.设计中的设计[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2006:66-67.
[149]孙英春.大众文化:全球传播的范式[M].北京:中国传媒大学出版社,2005:95-101.
[150]张筱薏.消费背后的隐匿力量-消费文化权力研究[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2009:35-41.
[151]刘伟,袁修干.人机交互中情境认知的理论与应用[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2005:18-28.
[152]柳沙.设计心理学[M].上海:上海人民美术出版社,2009:130-139.
[153] Desmet P. Design Emotions[EB/OL]. www.DesigningEmotion.nl/ ch/100703 -de.html,2010-07-03.
[154]董建明,傅利民,饶培伦,(美)Salvendy G.人机交互:以用户为中的设计和评估[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:37-42.
[155] Eisenman M L. Essays on aesthetic innovation[D]:[博士学位论文]. New York: School of Arts and Sciences of Columbia University, 2006.
[156] Forlizzi J. Product ecologies: Understanding the context of use surrounding[D]:[博士学位论文]. Pittsburgh: School of Computer Science of Carnegie Mellon University, 2007.
[157] Fisher T H. What we touch, touches us materials, affects, and affordances [J]. Design Issues, 2004,20(4):20-31.
[158]谭浩.基于案例的产品造型设计情景知识模型构建与应用[D]:[博士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2006.
[159]程岭红,黄希庭.记忆准确性的认知取向研究[J].心理学探析,2001,21(4):20-24.
[160] Mancini C, Simon J, Buckingham S. Modeling discourse in contested domains: a semantic and cognitive framework[J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2006,7(2):1154-1171.
[161]叶志刚,邹慧君,胡松等.基于语义网络的方案设计过程表达与推理[J].上海交通大学学报,2003,37(5):663-667.
[162] Wu Z J, Li L Z, Chen Y. Semantic Networks-based Unexpected User’s Needs Discovery for Creative Product Design [C]. In: Maozhen Li, Qilian Liang, Lipo Wang, Yibin Song, eds. 2010 Seventh International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery. Beijing: IEEE, 2010. 2054-2058.
[163] Ramirez M A,Mas J A,Marzal J A. Influence of the mode of graphical representation on the perception of product aesthetic and emotional features: an exploratory study[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2008,38(3):942-952.
[164] Luo L. Essays on new product development[D]:[博士学位论文]. The University of Maryland,2005.
[165] Coyne R. Creativity as commonplace[J]. Design Studies,1997,18 (2):135-141.
[166] Kim M H,Kim Y S,Lee H S. An underlying cognitive aspect of design creativity: limited commitment mode control strategy[J]. Design Studies,2007,28 (6):585-604.
[167] Kim M J,Maher M L. The impact of tangible user interfaces on spatial cognition during collaborative design[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (3):222-253.
[168] Benami O. A cognitive approach to creative conceptual design[D]:[博士学位论文]. The University of Southern California,2002.
[169] Lee J. Relative and interaction effects of situational and personal factors on impulse buying[D]:[博士学位论文]. The University of Minnesota, 2008.
[170] Baki F. A framework for integration of sustainability issues into traditional product design process[D]:[博士学位论文]. Canada: The University of Windsor,2007.
[171]何晓佑.产品设计程序与方法[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000:36-40.
[172]尼尔森著.可用性工程[M].刘正捷译.北京:机械工业出版社,2004:88-90.
[173] Xu Q L,Roger J J,Yang X,Helander M. An analytical Kano model for customer need analysis[J]. Design Studies,2008,29(1):1-22.
[174] Ingram J, Shove E, and Watson M. Products and practices selected concepts from science and technology studies and from social theories of consumption and practice[J]. Design Issues,2007,23(2):3-16.
[175] Bunnak V. The influence of personal values on environmental attitude product aesthetics, and product evaluation [D]:[博士学位论文]. San Diego:Marshall Goldsmith School of Management of Alliant International University, 2009.
[176] Redstrom J. RE: Definitions of use[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (4):410-423.
[177] Redstrom J. Toward user design? On the shift from object to user as the subject ofdesign[J]. Design Studies,2006,27 (2):123-139.
[178] Janlert L E, Stolterman E. The character of things[J]. Design Studies,1997,18 (3):297-314.
[179] Fallman D. The interaction design research triangle of design practice, design studies, and design exploration [J]. Design Issues, 2008,24(3):4-18.
[180] Whitfield T W A. Aesthetics as Pre-linguistic knowledge: a psychological perspective[J]. Design Issues,2005,21(1):3-17.
[181]布莱姆斯顿编著.产品概念构思[M].陈苏宁译.北京:中国青年出版社,2009:83.
[182] Dorst K,Dijkhuis J. Comparing paradigms for describing design activity [J]. Design Studies,1995,16(2):261-274.
[183] Yang M C,Daniel J. A study of prototypes, design activity, and design outcome[J]. Design Studies,2005,26 (6):649-669.
[184] Mitchell C T. Action, perception, and the realization of design[J]. Design Studies,1995,16(1):4-28
[185] Stewart T A. Unscripted actions: designing for product interaction through a preschool play system[D]:[博士学位论文]. Greensboro: The University of North Carolina, 2008.
[186]梁桂明,董洁晶,梁锋.创造学与新产品开发思路及实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:25-32.
[187]罗伯逊著.掌握需求过程[M].王海鹏译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:18.
[188] Byars M. ON/OFF-new electronic products[M]. New York: Universe Publishing. 2001:28.
[189] Chiu M L. Design moves in situated design with case-based reasoning[J]. Design Studies,2003,24(1):1-25.
[190] Prats M, Lim S, Jowers L, et al. Transforming shape in design: observations from studies of sketching. Design studies, 2009, 30(5):503-520.
[191] Hsiao SW,Chen C H. A semantic and shape grammar based approach for product design[J]. Design Studies,1997,18 (3):275-296.
[192] Oxman R. The thinking eye visual re-cognition in design emergence[J]. Design Studies,2002,23(2):135-164.
[193] Casakin H, Goldschmidt G. Expertise and the use of visual analogy:implications for design education[J]. Design Studies,1999,20(2):153–175.
[194] Person O, Schoormans J,Snelders D,etc. Should new products look similar or different? The influence of the market environment on strategic product styling[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (1):30-48.
[195]赵蓉英.知识网络及其应用[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社,2007:134-148.
[196] Souza C S. Semiotic approaches to user interface design. Knowledge-based systems, 2001,14 (12):415-418.
[197] Chamorro M K,Popovic V,Emmison M. Using visual representation of concepts to explore users and designers’concepts of everyday products[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (2):142-159.
[198] Lai I C,Chang T W. A distributed linking system for supporting idea association during the conceptual design stage [J]. Design Studies,2006,27 (6):685-710.
[199] Hasdogan G. The role of user models in product design for assessment of user needs. Design Studies, 1996,17(1):19-33.
[200] Chang C C. Factors influencing visual comfort appreciation of the product form of digital cameras [J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2008,38(4):1007-1016.
[2] Cross N. Designerly ways of knowing [M]. London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2006:51-57.
[3] Paul G. Beitz W. Engineering Design [M]. London:The Design Council,1984:112-135.
[4]陈超萃.设计认知-设计中的认知科学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:31-35.
[5] Crilly N, Moultrie J, Clarkson J. Seeing things: consumer response to the visual domain in product design[J]. Design Studies,2004,25 (6):547-577.
[6] Krippendorff K. On communicating[M]. New York: Madison Ave, 2009:174-177.
[7] Buchanan R. Design research and the new learning [J]. Design Issues, 2001,17(4):3-23.
[8] Krippendorff K. On the essential contexts of artifacts or on the proposition that "Design is making sense (of Things)" [J]. Design Issues, 1989,5(2):9-39.
[9] Gero J S, Kannengiesser U. The situated function-behavior-structure framework. Design studies, 2004, 25(4):373-391.
[10] Crilly N,Good D,Matravers D,et al. Design as communication: exploring the validity and utility of relating intention to interpretation[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (5):425-457.
[11] Howard T J,Culley S J,Dekoninck E. Describing the creative design process by the integration of engineering design and cognitive psychology literature[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (2):160-180.
[12] Vermaas P E, Dorst K. On the conceptual framework of John Gero’s FBS-model and the prescriptive aims of design methodology[J]. Design Studies,2007,28 (2):133-157.
[13] Galle P. The ontology of Gero’s FBS model of designing. Design studies, 2009, 30(4):321-339.
[14] Suwa M,Gero J S,Purcell T. Unexpected discoveries and S-innovation of design requirements: important vehicles for a design process[J]. Design Studies,2000,21 (6):539-567.
[15] Hartley R T,Barnden J A. Semantic networks:visualizations of knowledge[J]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences,1997,1(5):169-175.
[16] Tseng I, Moss J, Cagan J. The role of timing and analogical similarity in the stimulationof idea generation in design[J]. Design Studies,2008,29(3):203-221.
[17] Cross N. Descriptive models of creative design: application to an example[J]. Design Studies,1997,18(4):427-455.
[18] Suwa M,Purcell T,Gero J S. Macroscopic analysis of design processes based on a scheme for coding designers’cognitive actions [J]. Design studies, 1998, 19(4):455-483.
[19] Cross N. Forty years of design research[J]. Design Studies,2007,28 (1):1-4.
[20] Crilly N, Moultrie J, Clarkson P J. Shaping things intended consumer response and the other determinants of product form[J]. Design Studies,2009,30 (3):224-254.
[21] Gero J S. Cognition and design[J]. Design Studies,1996,17 (4):337-340.
[22] Cross N. Designerly ways of knowing: design discipline versus design science [J], Design Issues, 2001,17(3):49-55.
[23]侯悦民,季林红,金德闻.设计的科学属性及核心[J].科学技术与辩证法,2007,24(3):23-28.
[24]布坎南,马格林著.发现设计:设计研究探讨[M].周丹丹,刘存译.南京:江苏美术出版社,2010:112-147.
[25]加洛蒂著.认知心理学[M].吴国宏等译.西安:陕西师范大学出版社,2005:60-63.
[26]史忠植.认知科学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2008:239-241,433-435.
[27]马格林著.人造世界的策略:设计与设计研究论文集[M].金晓霞译.南京:江苏美术出版社,2009:47-54.
[28]西蒙著.人工科学:复杂性面面观[M].武夷山译.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2004:103-113.
[29]马格林编著.设计问题—历史·理论·批评[M].柳沙等译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:86-105.
[30]魏屹东.认知科学哲学问题研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:250-253,312-314.
[31]鲍德里亚著.消费社会[M].刘成富,全志钢译.第3版.南京:南京大学出版社,2008:66-69.
[32]卡梅尔-亚瑟编著.菲利普·斯塔克[M].连冕译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002:11-12.
[33]王文正,林荣泰,王明旭等.产品类型影响创意认知的相关研究[J].艺术学报(革新版),2006(04):17-37.
[34]罗伯特·L·索尔索著.认知心理学[M].何华主译.南京:江苏教育出版社,2005:13-20.
[35]李乐山.工业设计思想基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:1-30.
[36]赵江洪.设计和设计方法研究四十年[J].装饰,2008(9):44-47.
[37]卡根,沃格尔著.创造突破性产品—从产品策略到产品定案的创新[M].辛向阳,蟠龙译.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:99-123.
[38] Liu Y T. Creativity or novelty?[J]. Design studies,2000,21(3):261-276.
[39] Niedderer K. Designing mindful interaction: the category of performance object[J], Design Issues, 2007,23(2):3-17.
[40] Goel P S, Nanua Singh. Creativity and innovation in durable product development[J]. Computers ind. Engng, 1998,35(1):5-8.
[41] You H, Chen K. Applications of affordance and semantics in product design[J]. Design Studies,2007,28 (6):23-38.
[42] Kokotovich V. Problem analysis and thinking tools: an empirical study of non-hierarchical mind mapping[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (1):49-69.
[43] Dorst K. Design problems and design paradoxes[J]. Design Issues,2006,22(3):4-17.
[44] Kavakli M, Gero J S. Sketching as mental imagery processing [J]. Design studies, 2001, 22(4):347-364.
[45] Ma Q,Isahara H. Semantic networks represented by adaptive associative memories[J]. Neurocomputing,2000,34(4):207-225.
[46] Norman D A. Creating an evocative user experience involves tapping into our most powerful method of recall and recognition[EB/OL]. http://www. metropolismag.com /story /20090318/selective–memories,2009-06-10.
[47]李小青.基于用户心理研究的用户体验设计[J].情报科学,2010,28(5):763-767.
[48]胡浩,赵君.从“产品造型”到“产品界面”—论工业设计思维方式的改变[J].浙江理工大学学报,2005,22(2):162-164.
[49]李砚祖.设计艺术学的结构与体系[C].见:陈汉青主编.中国·2003交叉性艺术学科建设与发展国际学术研讨会论文集.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:32-38.
[50]吴志军,李亮之,陈雨,蔡彦.工业设计学科及其研究杂谈[J].创意与设计,2010,(6):47-52.
[51] Findeli A. Rethinking design education for the 21st century: theoretical, methodology -cal, and ethical discussion [J]. Design Issues, 2003, 17(1): 5-17.
[52]阿吉里斯,舍恩著.实践理论:提高专业效能[M].邢清清,赵宁宁译.北京:教育科学出版社,2008:18-19.
[53]马克斯·本泽,伊丽莎白·瓦尔特著.广义符号学及其在设计中的应用[M].徐恒醇编译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1992:25-30.
[54]张宪荣.设计符号学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:16-20.
[55]卡尔韦著.结构与符号:罗兰·巴尔特传[M].车槿山译.北京:北京大学出版社,1997:2-6.
[56]谢冬冰.表现性的符号形式:“卡西尔-朗格美学”的一种解读[M].上海:学林出版社,2008:64-69.
[57]王立业.洛特曼学术思想研究[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2006:124-143.
[58] Andrews E. Text and culture continuous discontinuity in Lotman and Zamjatin[J]. Russian Literature,2001,(5):347-369.
[59]吴风.艺术符号美学:苏珊·朗格符号美学研究[M].北京:北京广播学院出版社,2002:121-130.
[60] Khalifa M,Liu V. Semantic network representation of computer-mediated discussions: conceptual facilitation form and knowledge acquisition[J]. The International Journal of Management Science,2006,36(6):252-266.
[61]唐林.产品概念设计基本原理及方法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006:22-50.
[62]吴志军,那成爱.产品系统设计的内涵及其思维方式[J].装饰,2005,(4):44.
[63]吴翔.产品系统设计—产品设计(2)[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000:1-5.
[64]张同.产品系统设计[M].上海:上海人民美术出版社,2004:10-16.
[65]张凌浩.产品的语意[M].第二版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:72-74.
[66]陈慎任,马海波.产品形态语义设计实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:43-48.
[67] Petiot J F,Yannou B. Measuring consumer perceptions for a better comprehension, specification and assessment of product semantics[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2004,33(12):507-525.
[68]苏建宁,江平宇,朱斌等.感性工学及其在产品设计中的应用研究.西安交通大学学报,2004(1):60-63.
[69] Hsiao S W,Huang H C. A neural network based approach for product form design[J]. Design Studies,2002,23 (1):67-84.
[70]李亮之,郑铭磊,赵娟.设计符号与产品的趣味性[J].包装工程,2007,28(6):159-161.
[71]魏喆，冯毅雄，谭建荣，李中凯.支持公理设计的产品符号语义模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,47(2):1924-1927.
[72]张军,赵江洪.意象尺度法与产品设计研究[J].装饰,2002,(7):21.
[73]吴志军,那成爱.符号学在产品系统设计中的应用[J].装饰,2004(7):37.
[74]唐纳德·A·诺曼著.设计心理学[M].梅琼译.北京:中信出版社,2003:82-90.
[75] Kanis H. Usage centred research for everyday product design[J]. Applied Ergonomics,1998,29(1):75-82.
[76]赵江洪.设计心理学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004:46-51.
[77]谭征宇.面向用户感知信息的产品概念设计技术研究[D]: [博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[78](德)库尔特·考夫卡著.格式塔心理学原理[M].黎炜译.杭州:浙江教育出版社,1997.
[79] Kumar D. Demand modeling for enterprise-driven product design[D]: [博士学位论文]. Illinois: Field of Mechanical Engineering of The University of Northwestern,2007.
[80]李彬彬.设计效果心理评价[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2005:145-147.
[81]张春河,方芳.产品形象形成与线索理论的研究[M].北京:中国时代经济出版社,2007:39-40.
[82] Moscovitch M,Nadel L,Winocur G,etc. The cognitive neuroscience of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory[J]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology,2006,16(3):179-190.
[83]张杰,康澄.结构文艺符号学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004:43-65.
[84]周建安.论语用推理机制的认知心理理据[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),1997,(3):32-36.
[85]关立文,黄洪钟,赵正佳,王知行.机械产品概念设计:综述与展望[J].机械设计,2001,(8):5-9.
[86]孙菁.基于意象的产品造型设计方法研究[D]: [博士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[87] Feijs L,Meinel F. A formal approach to product semantics with an application to sustainable design[J]. Design Issues,2005,21(3):67-81.
[88] Rosenman M A,Gero J S. Purpose and function in design: from the socio-cultural to the techno-physical[J]. Design Studies,1998,19 (2):161-186.
[89] Moalosi R,Popovic V,Anne H H. Culture-orientated product design[J]. Int. J Technol Des Educ. 2008(10):8-23.
[90] Buchanan R. Children of the Moving Present: The Ecology of Culture and the Search for Causes in Design[J]. Design Issues,2001,17(1):67-84.
[91]李波.审美情境与美感—美感的人类学分析[D]: [博士学位论文].上海:复旦大学,2005.
[92]朱大明,周建萍.“接受美学”在建筑评论中的地位[J].时代建筑,1991,(1):12-14.
[93]周建萍.“期待视野”中的审美视界[J].名作欣赏,2008,(7):133-136.
[94] Siu K W M. User’s creative responses and designers’roles[J]. Design Issues,2003,19(2):64-73.
[95]张永红,陈国定,陈作模.产品设计事例的描述框架和创新行为研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2003,21(2):207-210.
[96]檀润华.产品创新设计若干问题研究进展[J].机械工程学报,2003,39(9):11-16.
[97]邹慧君,张青,郭为忠.广义概念设计的普遍性、内涵及理论基础的探索[J].机械设计与研究,2004,20(3):10-14.
[98]韩晓建,邓家褆.产品概念设计过程的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2000,6(1):14-17.
[99]刘传凯.产品创意设计[M].北京:中国青年出版社,2005:21-24.
[100]张建明,魏小鹏,张德珍.产品概念设计的研究现状及其发展方向[J].计算机集成制造系统,2003,9(8):613-618.
[101]檀润华,王庆禹.产品设计过程模型、策略与方法综述[J].机械设计,2000,(11):1-3.
[102]谭浩,赵江洪,王巍,张军.产品造型设计思维模型与应用[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(5):98-101.
[103]刘晓明.意象的逻辑:创造性思维的首要推动者[J].自然辩证法研究,2003,19(8):32-36.
[104]高丽,曾庆良,范文慧.多学科设计优化研究及发展趋势分析[J].工程设计学报,2007,14(6):429-434.
[105] Li Y,Wang J,Li X L,etc. Design creativity in product innovation[J]. Int. Adv Manuf Technol,2006,34(1):170-179.
[106]庄越挺,潘红,潘云鹤.关于设计思维与模型的研究报告[J].浙江大学学报(自然科学版) ,1997,31(1):72-80.
[107]俞杰,田为,耿卫东,潘云鹤.创造性思维模拟方法综述[J].计算机应用研究,1999(3):15-18
[108]张闻睿.工业设计方法与设计思维[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1999,32(10):101-104
[109]王靖滨,俞杰,耿卫东,潘云鹤.基于FBS的产品创新设计模型[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(11):824-826.
[110] Verstijnen I M, Hennessey J M, Leeuwen C V, et al. Sketching and creative discovery. Design studies, 1998, 19(4):519-546.
[111] Huang Y S. Investigating the cognitive behavior of generating idea sketches through neural network systems. Design studies, 2008, 29(1):70-91.
[112] Gown A M, Green G, Paul A. R. Visibal ideals: information patterns of conceptual sketch activity. Design studies, 1998, 19(4):431-453.
[113]韩晓建,邓家褆.产品概念设计过程的知识表达[J].制造业自动化,1999,(5):1-3.
[114]任工昌,刘永红,张优云.产品创新中点状问题的解决原理及辅助设计系统的实现[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(3):32-37.
[115] Denscombe M. The Good Research Guide for Small-Scale Social Research Projects [M]. Philadephia: Open University Press,1998:42-48.
[116]李立新.设计艺术学研究方法[M].南京:江苏美术出版社,2009:187-190.
[117]白茜.文化文本的意义研究:洛特曼语义观剖析[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2007:77-90.
[118]萧净宇.洛特曼符号学—美学阐释中艺术文本的特色[J].俄罗斯文艺,2005 (2):56-58.
[119]唐纳德·A·诺曼.情感化设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:23-24.
[120]汉娜著.设计元素:罗伊娜·里德·科斯塔罗与视觉构成关系[M].李乐山等译.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003:54-64.
[121]吴志军,李亮之,徐人平.产品形态符号系统及其创新设计研究[J].包装工程,2010,31(14):39-42.
[122]罗越.视觉传达[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1996:40-43.
[123]苗力田.古希腊哲学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1996:142-143.
[124]加瑞特著.用户体验的要素:以用户为中心的Web[M].范晓燕译.北京:机械工业出版社,2007:4-5
[125]特里斯,阿伯特著.用户体验度量[M].周荣刚等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2009:40-45.
[126]伍庆.消费社会与消费认同[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009:116-121.
[127]罗仕鉴,朱上上.用户体验与产品创新设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010:71-74.
[128]丹尼尔·米勒著.物质文化与大众消费[M].费文明,朱晓宁译.南京:江苏美术出版社,2010:109-121.
[129]田自秉.中国工艺美术史[M].上海:东方出版中心,1985:41-44.
[130]柳冠中.事理学论纲[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2006:15-30.
[131]萧世文,郑佳露.同步设计策略与保温瓶设计之应用研究[J].工业设计,2010,38(1):1-6.
[132]李砚祖.扩展的符号与设计消费的社会学[J].南京艺术学院学报(美术与设计版),2007(4):8-11.
[133]罗伯特·梅斯勒著,周邦宪译.过程-关系哲学—浅释怀特海[M].贵阳:贵州人名出版社,2009:2-6.
[134] Lloyd P,Snelders D. What was Philippe Starck thinking of? [J]. Design Studies,2003,24 (3):237-253.
[135]费多益.记忆的建构理论研究[J].哲学动态,2010(8):92-98.
[136] Dudas R B, Clague F, Thompson S A, etc. Episodic and semantic memory in mild cognitive impairment [J]. Neuropsychologia,2005,43(4):1266-1276.
[137]春水.美与审美的评价论和语用学阐释[J].浙江大学学报(人文社科版),2002,32(1):129-135.
[138]彭锋.完美的自然:当代环境美学的哲学基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005:24-28.
[139]劳承万.审美中介论[M].上海:上海文艺出版社,2001,p106-107.
[140]曹晖.视觉形式的美学研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2009,p160-164.
[141]谢友柏.现代设计理论中的若干基本概念[J].机械工程学报,2007,43(11):7-16.
[142] Kalay Y E. Performance-based design[J]. Automation in Construction,1999,8(2):395-409.
[143]范景中.贡布里希论设计[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2001:31-32.
[144]王刚.“无意义”的意义—现代视觉设计的形式审美[J].东华大学学报(社会科学版),1990,(5):69-72.
[145]查尔斯·查德维克著.象征主义[M].肖津译.太原:北岳文艺出版社,1989:1-4.
[146]卢瑞,张萍.消费文化[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:116-121.
[147]许葵花.认知语境语义阐释功能的实证研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:18-20.
[148]原研哉著,朱锷译.设计中的设计[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2006:66-67.
[149]孙英春.大众文化:全球传播的范式[M].北京:中国传媒大学出版社,2005:95-101.
[150]张筱薏.消费背后的隐匿力量-消费文化权力研究[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2009:35-41.
[151]刘伟,袁修干.人机交互中情境认知的理论与应用[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2005:18-28.
[152]柳沙.设计心理学[M].上海:上海人民美术出版社,2009:130-139.
[153] Desmet P. Design Emotions[EB/OL]. www.DesigningEmotion.nl/ ch/100703 -de.html,2010-07-03.
[154]董建明,傅利民,饶培伦,(美)Salvendy G.人机交互:以用户为中的设计和评估[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:37-42.
[155] Eisenman M L. Essays on aesthetic innovation[D]:[博士学位论文]. New York: School of Arts and Sciences of Columbia University, 2006.
[156] Forlizzi J. Product ecologies: Understanding the context of use surrounding[D]:[博士学位论文]. Pittsburgh: School of Computer Science of Carnegie Mellon University, 2007.
[157] Fisher T H. What we touch, touches us materials, affects, and affordances [J]. Design Issues, 2004,20(4):20-31.
[158]谭浩.基于案例的产品造型设计情景知识模型构建与应用[D]:[博士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2006.
[159]程岭红,黄希庭.记忆准确性的认知取向研究[J].心理学探析,2001,21(4):20-24.
[160] Mancini C, Simon J, Buckingham S. Modeling discourse in contested domains: a semantic and cognitive framework[J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2006,7(2):1154-1171.
[161]叶志刚,邹慧君,胡松等.基于语义网络的方案设计过程表达与推理[J].上海交通大学学报,2003,37(5):663-667.
[162] Wu Z J, Li L Z, Chen Y. Semantic Networks-based Unexpected User’s Needs Discovery for Creative Product Design [C]. In: Maozhen Li, Qilian Liang, Lipo Wang, Yibin Song, eds. 2010 Seventh International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery. Beijing: IEEE, 2010. 2054-2058.
[163] Ramirez M A,Mas J A,Marzal J A. Influence of the mode of graphical representation on the perception of product aesthetic and emotional features: an exploratory study[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2008,38(3):942-952.
[164] Luo L. Essays on new product development[D]:[博士学位论文]. The University of Maryland,2005.
[165] Coyne R. Creativity as commonplace[J]. Design Studies,1997,18 (2):135-141.
[166] Kim M H,Kim Y S,Lee H S. An underlying cognitive aspect of design creativity: limited commitment mode control strategy[J]. Design Studies,2007,28 (6):585-604.
[167] Kim M J,Maher M L. The impact of tangible user interfaces on spatial cognition during collaborative design[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (3):222-253.
[168] Benami O. A cognitive approach to creative conceptual design[D]:[博士学位论文]. The University of Southern California,2002.
[169] Lee J. Relative and interaction effects of situational and personal factors on impulse buying[D]:[博士学位论文]. The University of Minnesota, 2008.
[170] Baki F. A framework for integration of sustainability issues into traditional product design process[D]:[博士学位论文]. Canada: The University of Windsor,2007.
[171]何晓佑.产品设计程序与方法[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000:36-40.
[172]尼尔森著.可用性工程[M].刘正捷译.北京:机械工业出版社,2004:88-90.
[173] Xu Q L,Roger J J,Yang X,Helander M. An analytical Kano model for customer need analysis[J]. Design Studies,2008,29(1):1-22.
[174] Ingram J, Shove E, and Watson M. Products and practices selected concepts from science and technology studies and from social theories of consumption and practice[J]. Design Issues,2007,23(2):3-16.
[175] Bunnak V. The influence of personal values on environmental attitude product aesthetics, and product evaluation [D]:[博士学位论文]. San Diego:Marshall Goldsmith School of Management of Alliant International University, 2009.
[176] Redstrom J. RE: Definitions of use[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (4):410-423.
[177] Redstrom J. Toward user design? On the shift from object to user as the subject ofdesign[J]. Design Studies,2006,27 (2):123-139.
[178] Janlert L E, Stolterman E. The character of things[J]. Design Studies,1997,18 (3):297-314.
[179] Fallman D. The interaction design research triangle of design practice, design studies, and design exploration [J]. Design Issues, 2008,24(3):4-18.
[180] Whitfield T W A. Aesthetics as Pre-linguistic knowledge: a psychological perspective[J]. Design Issues,2005,21(1):3-17.
[181]布莱姆斯顿编著.产品概念构思[M].陈苏宁译.北京:中国青年出版社,2009:83.
[182] Dorst K,Dijkhuis J. Comparing paradigms for describing design activity [J]. Design Studies,1995,16(2):261-274.
[183] Yang M C,Daniel J. A study of prototypes, design activity, and design outcome[J]. Design Studies,2005,26 (6):649-669.
[184] Mitchell C T. Action, perception, and the realization of design[J]. Design Studies,1995,16(1):4-28
[185] Stewart T A. Unscripted actions: designing for product interaction through a preschool play system[D]:[博士学位论文]. Greensboro: The University of North Carolina, 2008.
[186]梁桂明,董洁晶,梁锋.创造学与新产品开发思路及实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:25-32.
[187]罗伯逊著.掌握需求过程[M].王海鹏译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:18.
[188] Byars M. ON/OFF-new electronic products[M]. New York: Universe Publishing. 2001:28.
[189] Chiu M L. Design moves in situated design with case-based reasoning[J]. Design Studies,2003,24(1):1-25.
[190] Prats M, Lim S, Jowers L, et al. Transforming shape in design: observations from studies of sketching. Design studies, 2009, 30(5):503-520.
[191] Hsiao SW,Chen C H. A semantic and shape grammar based approach for product design[J]. Design Studies,1997,18 (3):275-296.
[192] Oxman R. The thinking eye visual re-cognition in design emergence[J]. Design Studies,2002,23(2):135-164.
[193] Casakin H, Goldschmidt G. Expertise and the use of visual analogy:implications for design education[J]. Design Studies,1999,20(2):153–175.
[194] Person O, Schoormans J,Snelders D,etc. Should new products look similar or different? The influence of the market environment on strategic product styling[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (1):30-48.
[195]赵蓉英.知识网络及其应用[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社,2007:134-148.
[196] Souza C S. Semiotic approaches to user interface design. Knowledge-based systems, 2001,14 (12):415-418.
[197] Chamorro M K,Popovic V,Emmison M. Using visual representation of concepts to explore users and designers’concepts of everyday products[J]. Design Studies,2008,29 (2):142-159.
[198] Lai I C,Chang T W. A distributed linking system for supporting idea association during the conceptual design stage [J]. Design Studies,2006,27 (6):685-710.
[199] Hasdogan G. The role of user models in product design for assessment of user needs. Design Studies, 1996,17(1):19-33.
[200] Chang C C. Factors influencing visual comfort appreciation of the product form of digital cameras [J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2008,38(4):1007-1016.