OFDM系统中的基带预失真方法研究
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摘要
OFDM技术以其频谱利用率高和抗干扰能力强等优点得到了广泛的关注,已被成功应用到许多通信系统当中,并成为下一代移动通信系统的候选方案之一。但由于OFDM信号具有高的峰平比,使得它对功率放大器的非线性特别敏感。为了减小功放对OFDM信号产生的非线性失真,提高其功率效率,就必须对功放的非线性进行补偿。为此,人们研究了许多功放线性化方法,如功率回退法、前馈法、负反馈法、LINC法和预失真法。本文对基带预失真技术进行了深入研究,重点基于查询表预失真方法,对当前出现的各种预失真方案进行了分析总结,并分别提出了针对无记忆功放和有记忆功放的预失真方法。通过计算机仿真结果可以看出,本文提出的方案表现出优良的性能,且均适合工程实现。
OFDM has been paid more attention to due to its high spectrum efficiency and robust capability in interference resistance. It has been successfully used in many communication systems and become one of the candidates for the next generation mobile communication system. But high PAR makes OFDM very sensitive to the nonlinearities of amplifier. To mitigate the nonlinear distortions to OFDM signals and improve HPA’s efficiency, it is necessary to compensate the nonlinearities introduced by the amplifier. So a lot of linearization methods have been investigated including back-off, feed-forward, feedback, LINC and predistortion method. In this paper we focus on the baseband predistortion technique in OFDM system. Based on the LUT predistortion method, we separately proposed new methods for both memoryless HPA and memory HPA, through analysising and summarizing many kinds of current predistortion methods. Computer simulation results show that these methods have perfect performances and are suitable for project implementation.
OFDM has been paid more attention to due to its high spectrum efficiency and robust capability in interference resistance. It has been successfully used in many communication systems and become one of the candidates for the next generation mobile communication system. But high PAR makes OFDM very sensitive to the nonlinearities of amplifier. To mitigate the nonlinear distortions to OFDM signals and improve HPA’s efficiency, it is necessary to compensate the nonlinearities introduced by the amplifier. So a lot of linearization methods have been investigated including back-off, feed-forward, feedback, LINC and predistortion method. In this paper we focus on the baseband predistortion technique in OFDM system. Based on the LUT predistortion method, we separately proposed new methods for both memoryless HPA and memory HPA, through analysising and summarizing many kinds of current predistortion methods. Computer simulation results show that these methods have perfect performances and are suitable for project implementation.
引文
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[50] Changsoo Eun and Edward J.Powers,“A New Volterra Predistorter Based on the Indirect Learning Architecture”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL.45, NO.1, JANUARY 1997, pp:223-227
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[72] Bo Ai,Zhi-xing Yang,Chang-yong Pan,Shi-gang Tang,Tao-tao Zhang,“Analysis on LUT Based Predistortion Method for HPA with Memory”,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING,VOL.53,NO.1,MARCH 2007,pp:127-131
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[3]丘玲、朱近康、孙葆根等,第三代移动通信技术,人民邮电出版社,2001.
[4]汤申生,“第三代移动通信系统无线传输技术的发展”,电信科学,1998年第10期,
[5]杨彬,郭大宁,“我国移动通信的现状及发展趋势”,东华大学学报(自然科学版),第27卷第6期,2001年12月,pp:128-132
[6]佟学俭,罗涛编著,“OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用”,人民邮电出版社,2003年1月
[7] Thibault, L., Minh Thien Le,“Performance evaluation of COFDM for digital audio broadcasting. Part I. Parametric study,”Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 64-75, Mar. 1997.
[8] Harada, Y., Kimura, T., Hayashi, K., Kisoda, A., Kageyama, S., Sakashita, S., Mori, H.,“An implementation of OFDM receiver for digital terrestrial television broadcasting and its technologies,”Broadcasting Convention, 1997 International, 12-16 Sep. 1997, pp. 337-342.
[9]吴海青,宋军,“4G移动通信中的OFDM-MIMO技术研究”,山西电子技术,2006年第6期,pp:9-11
[10]佟学俭,乐光新,“DS-CDMA与MC-CDMA通信系统的比较”,移动通信,2000年第6期,pp:17-19
[11] Black.H.S,Wave Translation System,U.S. Patent 2102671,Issued December
[12] Black. H. S.,Wave Translation System,U.S. Patent 2102671,Issued December 1937
[13] D.C.Cox,“Linear Amplication by Sampling Techniques: A New Application for Delta Coders”, IEEE Transactions on commucations, vol.23, no.8, August 1975
[14]马进,“数字预失真基本原理”,电子科技,2006年第9期(总第204期)、pp17-21
[15] He(Terry Hoh)Zhi-yong,Ge Jian-hua,Geng Shu-jian,and Wang Gang,“An Improved Look-Up Table Predistortion Technique for HPA With Memory Effects in OFDM Systems”,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING,VOL.52,NO.1, MARCH 2006,pp:87-91
[16] H.Ochiai, H.Imai,“On the Distribution of the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio inOFDM Signals”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.49, no.2, February 2001
[17] Fager, C.; de Carvalho, N.B.; Pedro, J.C.; Zirath, H.;“Intermodulation distortion behavior in LDMOS transistor amplifiers”Microwave Symposium Digest, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International , Volume: 1 , 2-7 June 2002 Page(s): 131–134
[18] E. Niehenke,“Linearization Techniques Overview for 3G Systems,”presented at the 2001 Int. Microwave Symp.Workshop WMA: Linearization for 3G Systems, May 20, 2001
[19] Geller, B.D.; Assal, F.T.; Gupta, R.K.; Cline, P.K.“A technique for the maintenance of FET power amplifier efficiency under backoff”Microwave Symposium Digest, 1989., IEEE MTT-S International , vol.3 June 1989 Page(s): 949–952.
[20] A.A.Saleh and J.Salz,“Adaptive Linearization of Power Amplification in Digital Radio Systems”, Bell System Technical Journal, vol.62, no.4, Apr.1983.
[21] V. Petrovic.“Reduction of spurious emission from radio transmitters by means of modulation feedback.”In IEE Conference on Radio Spectrum Conservation echniques, September 1983, pages 44-49.
[22] M. Johansson and L. Sundstr?m. Linearisation of RF multicarrier amplifiers using Cartesian feedback. Electronics Letters, vol.30, no.14, July 1994. pages1110-1112,
[23] M. Johansson and M. Faulkner. Linearization of wideband RF power amplifiers. In Proceedings of Nordic Radio Symposium, April 24-27, 1995,pages 259-264.
[24] S. M. Whittle.“A practical Cartesian loop transmitter for narrowband linear modulation PMR systems.”In IEE Colloquium on‘Linear RF Amplifiers and Transmitters’, (Digest No:1994/089), pages 2 /1-5, April 1994.
[25] Pothecary N.Feedforward Linear Power Amplifiers, Artech House,1999,pp:139-141
[26] Chen Yusheng, Boon Poh Ng, Kot AC,“Adaptive Algorithms for Feed forward Power Amplifier Linearizer”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2000,485-488
[27] D. P. Myer.“A multicarrier feed-forward amplifier design.”Microwave Journal, October 1994.,pages 78-88
[28] R. G. Meyer, R. Eschenbach and W. M. Edgerley, Jr.“A wide-band feedforward amplifier.”IEEE Journal on Solid-State Circuits, vol. 9, no. 6, December 1974. , pages 422-428
[29] S. Tomisato, K. Chiba and K. Murota.“Phase error free LINC modulator.”Electronic Letters, vol. 25, No. 9, April 1989. , pages 576-577
[30] L. Sundstr?m and M. Johansson.“The effect of modulation scheme on LINC transmitter power efficiency.”Electronics Letters, vol. 30, no. 20, September 1994. ,pages 1643-1645
[31] G.Karam and H.Sari,“A Data Predistortion Technique with Memory for QAM Radio Systems”, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.39, no.2, pp.336–343, Feb 1991.
[32] L.Sundstr?m,M.Faulkner and M.Johansson,“Quantization Analysis and Design of a Digital Predistortion Linearizer for RF Power Amplifiers”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.45, pp.707-719,Nov 1996.
[33] J.K.Cavers,“Amplifier Linearization Using a Digital Predistorter with Fast Adaptation and Low Memory Requirements,”IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.39, no.4, November 1990.
[34]何振亚,自适应信号处理,科学出版社,2002年8月
[35] A.S.Wright and W.G.Durtler,“Experimental Performance of an Adaptive Digital Linearized Power Amplifier,”IEEE Transactions Vehicular Technology, vol.41, no.4, November 1992.
[36]付毅,“一种新型微波功放线性化器”,西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2006年1月1日
[37]杨晨,“变极化技术系统方案的研究”,南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2006年6月1日
[38] J. Kenney, A. Leke,“Power amplifier spectral regrowth for digital cellular and PCS applications,”Microwave Journal, pp. 74-92, Oct. 1995.
[39] C. Rapp,“Effects of HPA-Nonlinearity on a 4-DPSK/OFDM-Signal for a Digital Sound Broadcasting System”, In Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Satellite Communications, Liege, Belgium, Oct. 22-24, 1991, pp. 179-184.
[40] Raviv Raich,“Nonlinear System Identification and Analysis with Applications to Power Amplifier Modeling and Power Amplifier Predistortion”, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technoligy, March 2004
[41]全永兵,“非线性系统的模糊建模与控制方法研究”,东北大学博士学位论文,2001年6月1日
[42] Xing W, Ghorbani A,“Weighted Page Rank Algorithm”, Proc.of the 2nd Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research, 2004年5月19日,pp: 305-314.
[43] Cristina Ciochina, Fabien Buda and Hikmet Sari,“An Analysis of OFDM Peak Power Reduction Techniques for WiMAX Systems”, IEEE Communications Society subject experts for publication in the IEEE ICC 2006 proceedings, pp:4676-4681
[44] A. A. M. Saleh,“Frequency-independent and frequency-dependent nonlinear models of TWT amplifiers,”IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 29, pp. 1715-1720, Nov. 1981.
[45] Bosch, W. and Gatti, G.,“Measurements and simulation of memory effects in predistortion linearizers”, IEEE Trans. On Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.37, December 1989, pp: 1885-1890
[46] Honkanen M, Haggman S G,“New Aspects on Nonlinear Power Amplifier Modeling in Radio Communication System Simulations,”IEEE Int. Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Communications, PIMRC’97, Helsinki, Finland, 1997, pp: 844-848
[47] Le T, Thibault L,“Performance Evaluation of COFDM for Digital Audio Broadcasting Part II: Effects of HPA Nonlinearities,”IEEE Trans. Broadcasting(S0018-9316), 1998, pp: 44(2):165-171
[48] AI Bo, ZHANG Tao-tao, PAN Chang-yong, YANG Zhi-xing ,WANG Yong, ZHAO Huai-xun,“Effects of HPA Phase Distortion on System Performance”,系统仿真学报,第19卷第2期,2007年1月,pp: 424-428
[49] Ichikawa M, Hara T, Saito M et al,“Evaluation of BER Degradation Due to Phase Nonlinearity of SSPA on MC-CDMA Signals,”2005 IEEE Int. Conf. on Personal Wireless Communications ICPWC’05, 2005, pp: 533-536
[50] Changsoo Eun and Edward J.Powers,“A New Volterra Predistorter Based on the Indirect Learning Architecture”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL.45, NO.1, JANUARY 1997, pp:223-227
[51]钱业青,“一种高效的用于RF功率放大器线性化的自适应预失真结构”,通信学报,第27卷第5期,2006年5月,pp:35-46
[52]何志勇,“OFDM系统中的预失真技术研究”,西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2006年1月1日
[53] Won Gi Jeon, Kyung Hi Chang, and Yong Soo Cho,“An Adaptive Data Predistorter for Compensation of Nonlinear Distortion in OFDM Systems”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS , VOL.45, NO.10, OCTOBER 1997, pp:1167-1171
[54]“Operation and Performance of the ISL5239 Pre-distortion Linearizer”, Intersil Commlink, Application Note,July 2002, AN1022, pp:6-7
[55]James K.Cavers,“Optimum Table Spacing in Predistorting Amplifier Linearizers”,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOY, VOL.48,NO.5, SEPTEMBER 1999, pp:1699-1705
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