中国棕麦蛾属和阳麦蛾属系统学研究（鳞翅目：麦蛾科：棕麦蛾亚科）
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摘要
棕麦蛾属和阳麦蛾属隶属于鳞翅目麦蛾科棕麦蛾亚科。本论文对以上两个属进行了系统学研究,共包括以下4部分内容：总论、材料与方法、系统分类和生物地理分析。
总论部分综述了麦蛾总科和麦蛾科分类系统的研究现状、棕麦蛾亚科的研究概况和多个学者所划分的不同的分类系统；全面总结了棕麦蛾属及阳麦蛾属的研究历史和现状,详细地阐述了棕麦蛾属和阳麦蛾属的形态学特征,并简要地介绍了以上两属的生物学和分布情况。
系统学部分共记述种类188种,其中包括68个新种,9个中国新记录种,2个新异名；首次报道12个种的雌性个体,纠正了1个错误鉴定。基于72个形态学特征,利用支序分析的方法对55个分类单元进行了分析,将中国棕麦蛾属种类划分为了34个种团,其中13个种团已在Park& Hodges (1995)中报道,其他21个种团为首次建立；另外根据翅面斑纹及外生殖器特征将阳麦蛾属种类划分为了5个种团。
68个新种(3个新种已发表)包括：尖叶棕麦蛾Dichomeris acrilobata sp. nov.,彩棕麦蛾D.splendiptera sp. nov,基角棕麦蛾D.basicornuta sp. nov.,双长棕麦蛾D.bilonga sp. nov.,鹿角棕麦蛾D.cervicornuta sp. nov.,拟梭棕麦蛾D.imagitostella sp. nov.,大叶棕麦蛾D.largiloba sp. nov.,皱棕麦蛾D.plexibursa sp. nov.,方叶棕麦蛾D.quadratiloba sp. nov.,瘤棕麦蛾D. gangliiformis sp. nov.,细叶棕麦蛾D.tenulobata sp. nov.,短突棕麦蛾D.brevissima sp. nov.,双钩棕麦蛾D.dupluncata sp. nov.,小钩棕麦蛾D.micrancistra sp. nov.,鸟棕麦蛾D.aviformis sp. nov.,双突棕麦蛾D.biprojecta sp. nov.,指棕麦蛾D.digitaliformis sp. nov.,钝棕麦蛾D.obtusapex sp. nov.,弯叶棕麦蛾D.curvilobata sp. nov.,黄带棕麦蛾D.flavifasciaria sp. nov.,细带棕麦蛾D.gracilifasciaria sp. nov.,宽基棕麦蛾D.latibasis sp. nov.,侧叶棕麦蛾D.latilobata sp. nov.,卧龙棕麦蛾D.wolongensis sp. nov.,大斑棕麦蛾D.largimacularis sp. nov.,大须棕麦蛾D. grandipalpa sp. nov.,海南棕麦蛾D.hainanensis sp. nov.,基突棕麦蛾D.basiprojecta sp. nov.,弯棕麦蛾D.curva sp. nov.,齿棕麦蛾D. dentiformis sp. nov.,外弯棕麦蛾D.exicurva sp. nov.,黄白棕麦蛾D.flavalba sp. nov.,叶棕麦蛾D.foliiformis sp. nov.,广西棕麦蛾D.guangxiensis sp. nov.,拟四叉棕麦蛾D.imagiquadrifurca sp. nov.,拟六叉棕麦蛾D.imagisexafurca sp. n,奇棕麦蛾D.mirilobata sp. nov.,内弯棕麦蛾D.peniticurva sp. nov.,右叶棕麦蛾D.dexilobata sp. nov.,半圆棕麦蛾D.semiorbiculata sp. nov.,方棕麦蛾D.basiquadrata sp. nov.,短棒棕麦蛾D. breviclavata sp. nov.,黄须棕麦蛾D.flavipalpa sp. nov.,细茎棕麦蛾D.gracilaedeaga sp. nov.,梯棕麦蛾D.gradata sp. nov.,圆突棕麦蛾D.ciriprojecta sp. nov.,外突棕麦蛾D.extraria sp. nov.,叉叶棕麦蛾D. furcilobata sp. nov.,褐带棕麦蛾D.fuscfasciaria sp. nov.,长带棕麦蛾D. longifasciaria sp. nov.,菱棕麦蛾D.rhombica sp. nov.,鞍棕麦蛾D.selliformis sp. nov.,四叶棕麦蛾D.tetraphylla sp. nov.,西藏棕麦蛾D.tibetensis sp. nov.,三叉棕麦蛾D.trifurcata sp. nov.,双角棕麦蛾D.duplicornuta sp. nov.,钩棕麦蛾D.hamulifera Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010,银棕麦蛾D.argentenigera Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010,小六叉棕麦蛾D.parvisexafurca Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010;拟双楔阳麦蛾Helcystogramma imagibicuneum sp. nov.,锈阳麦蛾H.flavifuscum sp. nov.,短须阳麦蛾H.brevinodium sp. nov.,白鳞阳麦蛾H.albilepidotum sp. nov.,细阳麦蛾H.angustum sp. nov.,黄斑阳麦蛾H.flavistictum sp. nov.,黑斑阳麦蛾H.furvimaculare sp. nov.,拟带阳麦蛾H. imagitrijunctum sp. nov.和直角阳麦蛾H. rectangulum sp. nov.。
9个中国新记录种包括：茂棕麦蛾Dichomeris moriutii Ponomarenko et Ueda,2004(已发表),梭棕麦蛾D. tostella Stringer,1930,壮棕麦蛾D. hoplocrates (Meyrick,1932);双楔阳麦蛾Helcystogramma bicuneum (Meyrick,1911),中阳麦蛾H. epicentra (Meyrick,1911),黄纹阳麦蛾H.flavilineolella Ponomarenko,1998,丽阳麦蛾H. perelegans (Omelko et Omelko,1993),褐边阳麦蛾H.fuscomarginatum Ueda,1995和土黄阳麦蛾H. lutatella (Herrich-Schaffer,1854)。
2个种级新异名：宽瓣棕麦蛾D. lativalvata Li et Zheng,1996(=赭棕麦蛾Dichomeris ochreata Park et Hodges,1995)和雪棕麦蛾D. nivalis Li et Zheng,1996(=灌县棕麦蛾D.autometra (Meyrick,1934))。
首次在科学上报道了以下种的雌性个体：棕麦蛾属的甘肃棕麦蛾Dichomeris gansuensis Li et Zheng,1996,赭棕麦蛾D. ochreata Park et Hodges,1995,滑棕麦蛾D. litoxyla Meyrick,1937,螳棕麦蛾D. manticopodina Li et Zheng,1996,缘褐棕麦蛾D.fuscusitis Li et Zheng,1996,内乡棕麦蛾D. neixiangensis Li et Wang,1999,双绿棕麦蛾D. amphichlora (Meyrick,1923),充棕麦蛾D. crambaleas (Meyrick,1913),南投棕麦蛾D. lushanae Park et Hodges,1995阳麦蛾属的中阳麦蛾Helcystogramma epicentra (Meyrick,1911),台中阳麦蛾H. hassenzanensis Park et Hodges,1995的雌性个体在科学上为首次报道。
棕麦蛾属34个种团包括：尖棕麦蛾种团acuminata group,红棕麦蛾种团rufumbrina group,长叶棕麦蛾种团longijuxtella group,直带棕麦蛾种团rectifascia group,铁黑棕麦蛾种团ferrogra group,甘肃棕麦蛾种团gansuensis group,鸡血藤棕麦蛾种团oceanis group,穗棕麦蛾种团spicans group,同棕麦蛾种团symmetrica group,菌环棕麦蛾种团fungifera group,思茅棕麦蛾种团simaoensis group,端刺棕麦蛾种团apicispina group钩棕麦蛾种团hamulifera group,土蜜树棕麦蛾种团microsphena group,缘褐棕麦蛾种团fuscusitis group,壮棕麦蛾种团hoplocrates group,胡桃棕麦蛾种团christophi group,斜斑棕麦蛾种团loxospila group,灌县棕麦蛾种团autometra group,弯叶棕麦蛾种团curvilobata group,黄带棕麦蛾种团flavifasciaria group,细带棕麦蛾种团gracilifasciaria group,大斑棕麦蛾种团largimacularis group,长须棕麦蛾种团okadai group,海南棕麦蛾种团hainanensis group,桃棕麦蛾种团heriguronis group,火棕麦蛾种团pyrroschista group,艾棕麦蛾种团rasilella group,波棕麦蛾种团cymatodes group,棒瓣棕麦蛾种团japonicella group,南投棕麦蛾种团lushanae group,刺角棕麦蛾种团oxycarpa group,杉木球果棕麦蛾种团bimaculata group和双角棕麦蛾种团duplicornuta group。
阳麦蛾属5个种团为：黄纹阳麦蛾种团flavilineolella group,大斑阳麦蛾种团hibisci group,丽阳麦蛾种团perelegans group,甘薯阳麦蛾种团triannulella group和斜带阳麦蛾种团trijunctum group。
在生物地理部分,对中国棕麦蛾属和阳麦蛾属各个种团的分布在地图上进行了标注,对中国棕麦蛾属所有种类在世界各大地理区系和我国各大区的分布进行了列表统计。中国棕麦蛾属在世界范围内以东洋区分布占优势,在我国集中分布在东部地区,并呈现出由南到北、由东到西种类丰富度逐渐递减的趋势；在种级阶元上呈现较高的特有性,物种多样性很高,很少出现广布种,特别是世界广布种：阳麦蛾属种类大多分布在中国的中部和南部。
本论文中分别编制了棕麦蛾属和阳麦蛾属的分种团及分种检索表；每种都给出了详细的文献引证、形态特征、已知寄主资料和分布资料,并提供了成虫和雌雄外生殖器特征图、棕麦蛾属部分种类的翅脉图及阳麦蛾属雄性第八背板的特征图。本项研究用到的所有标本除特别指出的外,均保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。
The genera Dichomeris and Helcystogramma belong to the subfamily Dichomeridinae of the family Gelechidae. A systematic study on the two genera is accomplished in the present dissertation, which comprises four parts:the general account, the material and methods, the systematic account and the biogeographic analysis.
In the general account, different taxonomic systems of the superfamily Gelechioidea and the family Gelechiidae are briefly introduced, the knowledge of the subfamily Dichomeridinae and its taxonomic systems are outlined on a worldwide basis; the research history as well as the current research status of the genera Dichomeris and Helcystogramma are summarized, the detailed morphological characters of the two genera are introduced along with illustrations of head, venation, male genitalia and female genitalia; the general information of the biology and the distribution is provided.
In the systematic account, a total of 188 species are recorded in China, including 68 new species, nine newly reported species for China, and two new synonyms; 12 previously unknown females are described and one misidentification is clarified; 34 species groups in Dichomeris are recognized by the cladistic analysis based on based on 72 morphological characters of 55 taxa,21 of which are newly proposed; five species groups in Helcystogramma are arranged based on the forewing patterns and the genital characters.
68 new species (three new species have been published) are as follows:Dichomeris acrilobatasp. nov., D. splendiptera sp. nov., D. basicornuta sp. nov., D. bilonga sp. nov., D. cervicornuta sp. nov., D. imagitostella sp. nov., D. largiloba sp. nov., D. plexibursa sp. nov., D. quadratiloba sp. nov., D. gangliiformis sp. nov., D. tenulobata sp. nov., D. brevissima sp. nov., D. dupluncata sp. nov., D. micrancistrd sp. nov., D. aviformis sp. nov., D. biprojecta sp. nov., D. digitaliformis sp. nov., D. obtusapex sp. nov., D curvilobata sp. nov., D. flavifasciaria sp. nov., D. gracilifasciaria sp. nov., D. latibasis sp. nov., D. latilobata sp. nov., D. wolongensis sp. nov., D. largimacularis sp. nov., D. grandipalpa sp. nov., D. hainanensis sp. nov., D. basiprojecta sp. nov., D. curva sp. nov., D. dentiformis sp. nov., D. exicurva sp. nov., D.flavalba sp. nov., D. foliiformis sp. nov., D. guangxiensis sp. nov., D. imagiquadrifurca sp. nov., D. imagisexafurca sp. nov., D. mirilobata sp. nov., D. peniticurva sp. nov., D. dexilobata sp. nov., D. semiorbiculata sp. noy., D. basiquadrata sp. nov., D. breviclavata sp. nov., D. flavipalpa sp. nov.. D. gracilaedeaga sp. nov., D. gradata sp. nov.. D. ciriprojecta sp. nov., D. extraria sp. nov., D. furcilobata sp. nov., D. fuscfasciaria sp. nov., D. longifasciaria sp. nov., D. rhombica sp. nov., D. selliformis sp. nov., D. tetraphylla sp. nov., D. tibetensis sp. nov., D. trifurcata sp. nov., D. duplicornuta sp. nov., D. hamulifera Li, Zhen et Kendrick, 2010, D. argentenigera Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010, D. parvisexafurca Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010; Helcystogramma imagibicuneum sp. nov., H. flavifuscum sp. nov., H. brevinodium sp. nov., H. albilepidotum sp. nov., H. angustum sp. nov., H. flavistictum sp. nov., H. furvimaculare sp. nov., H. imagitrijunctum sp. nov. and H. rectangulum sp. nov.
Nine species are newly recorded for China:Dichomeris moriutii Ponomarenko et Ueda,2004 (published), D. tostella Stringer,1930, D. hoplocrates (Meyrick,1932); Helcystogramma bicuneum (Meyrick,1911),H. epicentra (Meyrick,1911), H. flavilineolella Ponomarenko,1998, H. perelegans (Omelko et Omelko,1993), H. fuscomarginatum Ueda,1995 and H. lutatella (Herrich-Schaffer, 1854).
The previously unknown females of the following 12 species are firstly described:Dichomeris gansuensis Li et Zheng,1996, D. ochreala Park el Hodges,1995, D. litoxyla Meyrick,1937, D. manticopodina Li et Zheng,1996, D.fuscusitis Li et Zheng,1996, D. neixiangensis Li et Wang,1999, D. amphichlora (Meyrick,1923), D. crambaleas (Meyrick,1913), D. lushanae Park et Hodges,1995; Helcystogramma epicentra (Meyrick,1911) and H. hassenzanensis Park et Hodges,1995.
Two new synonyms are established:Dichomeris ochreata Park et Hodges,1995 (=D. lativalvata Li et Zheng,1996 syn. nov.) and D. autometra (Meyrick,1934) (=D. nivalis Li et Zheng,1996 syn. nov.)
34 species groups of Dichomeris in China are included:the acuminata group, the rufumbrina group, the longijuxtella group, the rectifascia group, the ferrogra group, the gansuensis group, the oceanis group, the spicans group, the symmetrica group, the fungifera group, the simaoensis group, the apicispina group, the hamulifera group, the microsphena group, the fuscusitis group, the hoplocrates group, the christophi group, the loxospila group, the autometra group, the curvilobata group, the flavifasciaria group, the gracilifasciaria group, the largimacularis group, the okadai group, the hainanensis group, the heriguronis group, the pyrroschista group, the rasilella group, the cymatodes group, the japonicella group, the lushanae group, the oxycarpa group, the bimaculata group, the duplicornuta group. And five species groups of Helcystogramma in China are reported:the hibisci group, the trijunctum group, the flavilineolella group, the triannulella group and the perelegans group.
The distribution of species groups in both Dichomeris and Helcystogramma are primarily analyzed by maps, and the geographical distribution of all the Chinese Dichomeris species in both the world and the Chinese regions is listed by tables. The result shows that the Dichomeris species in China are mainly distributed in the Oriental Region, mostly occurring in the east part of this country, with species richness reducing gradually from south to north and from east to west. It is highly endemic at species level in China, with high diversity and the rare occurrence of the widespread species. The genus Helcystogramma in China is found mainly in the central and southern parts.
The keys to distinguish the known species groups and species in Dichomeris and Helcystogramma are provided respectively. Synonyms and citations of each taxon are listed; the detailed morphological characters, the available data on the geographical distribution and the host plants are included; the photographs of the adults, the male and female genitalia, the venation of some species in Dichomeris and the male eighth tergite in Helcystogramma are provided.
All the studied specimens, except stated otherwise, are deposited in the Insect Collection, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
总论部分综述了麦蛾总科和麦蛾科分类系统的研究现状、棕麦蛾亚科的研究概况和多个学者所划分的不同的分类系统；全面总结了棕麦蛾属及阳麦蛾属的研究历史和现状,详细地阐述了棕麦蛾属和阳麦蛾属的形态学特征,并简要地介绍了以上两属的生物学和分布情况。
系统学部分共记述种类188种,其中包括68个新种,9个中国新记录种,2个新异名；首次报道12个种的雌性个体,纠正了1个错误鉴定。基于72个形态学特征,利用支序分析的方法对55个分类单元进行了分析,将中国棕麦蛾属种类划分为了34个种团,其中13个种团已在Park& Hodges (1995)中报道,其他21个种团为首次建立；另外根据翅面斑纹及外生殖器特征将阳麦蛾属种类划分为了5个种团。
68个新种(3个新种已发表)包括：尖叶棕麦蛾Dichomeris acrilobata sp. nov.,彩棕麦蛾D.splendiptera sp. nov,基角棕麦蛾D.basicornuta sp. nov.,双长棕麦蛾D.bilonga sp. nov.,鹿角棕麦蛾D.cervicornuta sp. nov.,拟梭棕麦蛾D.imagitostella sp. nov.,大叶棕麦蛾D.largiloba sp. nov.,皱棕麦蛾D.plexibursa sp. nov.,方叶棕麦蛾D.quadratiloba sp. nov.,瘤棕麦蛾D. gangliiformis sp. nov.,细叶棕麦蛾D.tenulobata sp. nov.,短突棕麦蛾D.brevissima sp. nov.,双钩棕麦蛾D.dupluncata sp. nov.,小钩棕麦蛾D.micrancistra sp. nov.,鸟棕麦蛾D.aviformis sp. nov.,双突棕麦蛾D.biprojecta sp. nov.,指棕麦蛾D.digitaliformis sp. nov.,钝棕麦蛾D.obtusapex sp. nov.,弯叶棕麦蛾D.curvilobata sp. nov.,黄带棕麦蛾D.flavifasciaria sp. nov.,细带棕麦蛾D.gracilifasciaria sp. nov.,宽基棕麦蛾D.latibasis sp. nov.,侧叶棕麦蛾D.latilobata sp. nov.,卧龙棕麦蛾D.wolongensis sp. nov.,大斑棕麦蛾D.largimacularis sp. nov.,大须棕麦蛾D. grandipalpa sp. nov.,海南棕麦蛾D.hainanensis sp. nov.,基突棕麦蛾D.basiprojecta sp. nov.,弯棕麦蛾D.curva sp. nov.,齿棕麦蛾D. dentiformis sp. nov.,外弯棕麦蛾D.exicurva sp. nov.,黄白棕麦蛾D.flavalba sp. nov.,叶棕麦蛾D.foliiformis sp. nov.,广西棕麦蛾D.guangxiensis sp. nov.,拟四叉棕麦蛾D.imagiquadrifurca sp. nov.,拟六叉棕麦蛾D.imagisexafurca sp. n,奇棕麦蛾D.mirilobata sp. nov.,内弯棕麦蛾D.peniticurva sp. nov.,右叶棕麦蛾D.dexilobata sp. nov.,半圆棕麦蛾D.semiorbiculata sp. nov.,方棕麦蛾D.basiquadrata sp. nov.,短棒棕麦蛾D. breviclavata sp. nov.,黄须棕麦蛾D.flavipalpa sp. nov.,细茎棕麦蛾D.gracilaedeaga sp. nov.,梯棕麦蛾D.gradata sp. nov.,圆突棕麦蛾D.ciriprojecta sp. nov.,外突棕麦蛾D.extraria sp. nov.,叉叶棕麦蛾D. furcilobata sp. nov.,褐带棕麦蛾D.fuscfasciaria sp. nov.,长带棕麦蛾D. longifasciaria sp. nov.,菱棕麦蛾D.rhombica sp. nov.,鞍棕麦蛾D.selliformis sp. nov.,四叶棕麦蛾D.tetraphylla sp. nov.,西藏棕麦蛾D.tibetensis sp. nov.,三叉棕麦蛾D.trifurcata sp. nov.,双角棕麦蛾D.duplicornuta sp. nov.,钩棕麦蛾D.hamulifera Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010,银棕麦蛾D.argentenigera Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010,小六叉棕麦蛾D.parvisexafurca Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010;拟双楔阳麦蛾Helcystogramma imagibicuneum sp. nov.,锈阳麦蛾H.flavifuscum sp. nov.,短须阳麦蛾H.brevinodium sp. nov.,白鳞阳麦蛾H.albilepidotum sp. nov.,细阳麦蛾H.angustum sp. nov.,黄斑阳麦蛾H.flavistictum sp. nov.,黑斑阳麦蛾H.furvimaculare sp. nov.,拟带阳麦蛾H. imagitrijunctum sp. nov.和直角阳麦蛾H. rectangulum sp. nov.。
9个中国新记录种包括：茂棕麦蛾Dichomeris moriutii Ponomarenko et Ueda,2004(已发表),梭棕麦蛾D. tostella Stringer,1930,壮棕麦蛾D. hoplocrates (Meyrick,1932);双楔阳麦蛾Helcystogramma bicuneum (Meyrick,1911),中阳麦蛾H. epicentra (Meyrick,1911),黄纹阳麦蛾H.flavilineolella Ponomarenko,1998,丽阳麦蛾H. perelegans (Omelko et Omelko,1993),褐边阳麦蛾H.fuscomarginatum Ueda,1995和土黄阳麦蛾H. lutatella (Herrich-Schaffer,1854)。
2个种级新异名：宽瓣棕麦蛾D. lativalvata Li et Zheng,1996(=赭棕麦蛾Dichomeris ochreata Park et Hodges,1995)和雪棕麦蛾D. nivalis Li et Zheng,1996(=灌县棕麦蛾D.autometra (Meyrick,1934))。
首次在科学上报道了以下种的雌性个体：棕麦蛾属的甘肃棕麦蛾Dichomeris gansuensis Li et Zheng,1996,赭棕麦蛾D. ochreata Park et Hodges,1995,滑棕麦蛾D. litoxyla Meyrick,1937,螳棕麦蛾D. manticopodina Li et Zheng,1996,缘褐棕麦蛾D.fuscusitis Li et Zheng,1996,内乡棕麦蛾D. neixiangensis Li et Wang,1999,双绿棕麦蛾D. amphichlora (Meyrick,1923),充棕麦蛾D. crambaleas (Meyrick,1913),南投棕麦蛾D. lushanae Park et Hodges,1995阳麦蛾属的中阳麦蛾Helcystogramma epicentra (Meyrick,1911),台中阳麦蛾H. hassenzanensis Park et Hodges,1995的雌性个体在科学上为首次报道。
棕麦蛾属34个种团包括：尖棕麦蛾种团acuminata group,红棕麦蛾种团rufumbrina group,长叶棕麦蛾种团longijuxtella group,直带棕麦蛾种团rectifascia group,铁黑棕麦蛾种团ferrogra group,甘肃棕麦蛾种团gansuensis group,鸡血藤棕麦蛾种团oceanis group,穗棕麦蛾种团spicans group,同棕麦蛾种团symmetrica group,菌环棕麦蛾种团fungifera group,思茅棕麦蛾种团simaoensis group,端刺棕麦蛾种团apicispina group钩棕麦蛾种团hamulifera group,土蜜树棕麦蛾种团microsphena group,缘褐棕麦蛾种团fuscusitis group,壮棕麦蛾种团hoplocrates group,胡桃棕麦蛾种团christophi group,斜斑棕麦蛾种团loxospila group,灌县棕麦蛾种团autometra group,弯叶棕麦蛾种团curvilobata group,黄带棕麦蛾种团flavifasciaria group,细带棕麦蛾种团gracilifasciaria group,大斑棕麦蛾种团largimacularis group,长须棕麦蛾种团okadai group,海南棕麦蛾种团hainanensis group,桃棕麦蛾种团heriguronis group,火棕麦蛾种团pyrroschista group,艾棕麦蛾种团rasilella group,波棕麦蛾种团cymatodes group,棒瓣棕麦蛾种团japonicella group,南投棕麦蛾种团lushanae group,刺角棕麦蛾种团oxycarpa group,杉木球果棕麦蛾种团bimaculata group和双角棕麦蛾种团duplicornuta group。
阳麦蛾属5个种团为：黄纹阳麦蛾种团flavilineolella group,大斑阳麦蛾种团hibisci group,丽阳麦蛾种团perelegans group,甘薯阳麦蛾种团triannulella group和斜带阳麦蛾种团trijunctum group。
在生物地理部分,对中国棕麦蛾属和阳麦蛾属各个种团的分布在地图上进行了标注,对中国棕麦蛾属所有种类在世界各大地理区系和我国各大区的分布进行了列表统计。中国棕麦蛾属在世界范围内以东洋区分布占优势,在我国集中分布在东部地区,并呈现出由南到北、由东到西种类丰富度逐渐递减的趋势；在种级阶元上呈现较高的特有性,物种多样性很高,很少出现广布种,特别是世界广布种：阳麦蛾属种类大多分布在中国的中部和南部。
本论文中分别编制了棕麦蛾属和阳麦蛾属的分种团及分种检索表；每种都给出了详细的文献引证、形态特征、已知寄主资料和分布资料,并提供了成虫和雌雄外生殖器特征图、棕麦蛾属部分种类的翅脉图及阳麦蛾属雄性第八背板的特征图。本项研究用到的所有标本除特别指出的外,均保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。
The genera Dichomeris and Helcystogramma belong to the subfamily Dichomeridinae of the family Gelechidae. A systematic study on the two genera is accomplished in the present dissertation, which comprises four parts:the general account, the material and methods, the systematic account and the biogeographic analysis.
In the general account, different taxonomic systems of the superfamily Gelechioidea and the family Gelechiidae are briefly introduced, the knowledge of the subfamily Dichomeridinae and its taxonomic systems are outlined on a worldwide basis; the research history as well as the current research status of the genera Dichomeris and Helcystogramma are summarized, the detailed morphological characters of the two genera are introduced along with illustrations of head, venation, male genitalia and female genitalia; the general information of the biology and the distribution is provided.
In the systematic account, a total of 188 species are recorded in China, including 68 new species, nine newly reported species for China, and two new synonyms; 12 previously unknown females are described and one misidentification is clarified; 34 species groups in Dichomeris are recognized by the cladistic analysis based on based on 72 morphological characters of 55 taxa,21 of which are newly proposed; five species groups in Helcystogramma are arranged based on the forewing patterns and the genital characters.
68 new species (three new species have been published) are as follows:Dichomeris acrilobatasp. nov., D. splendiptera sp. nov., D. basicornuta sp. nov., D. bilonga sp. nov., D. cervicornuta sp. nov., D. imagitostella sp. nov., D. largiloba sp. nov., D. plexibursa sp. nov., D. quadratiloba sp. nov., D. gangliiformis sp. nov., D. tenulobata sp. nov., D. brevissima sp. nov., D. dupluncata sp. nov., D. micrancistrd sp. nov., D. aviformis sp. nov., D. biprojecta sp. nov., D. digitaliformis sp. nov., D. obtusapex sp. nov., D curvilobata sp. nov., D. flavifasciaria sp. nov., D. gracilifasciaria sp. nov., D. latibasis sp. nov., D. latilobata sp. nov., D. wolongensis sp. nov., D. largimacularis sp. nov., D. grandipalpa sp. nov., D. hainanensis sp. nov., D. basiprojecta sp. nov., D. curva sp. nov., D. dentiformis sp. nov., D. exicurva sp. nov., D.flavalba sp. nov., D. foliiformis sp. nov., D. guangxiensis sp. nov., D. imagiquadrifurca sp. nov., D. imagisexafurca sp. nov., D. mirilobata sp. nov., D. peniticurva sp. nov., D. dexilobata sp. nov., D. semiorbiculata sp. noy., D. basiquadrata sp. nov., D. breviclavata sp. nov., D. flavipalpa sp. nov.. D. gracilaedeaga sp. nov., D. gradata sp. nov.. D. ciriprojecta sp. nov., D. extraria sp. nov., D. furcilobata sp. nov., D. fuscfasciaria sp. nov., D. longifasciaria sp. nov., D. rhombica sp. nov., D. selliformis sp. nov., D. tetraphylla sp. nov., D. tibetensis sp. nov., D. trifurcata sp. nov., D. duplicornuta sp. nov., D. hamulifera Li, Zhen et Kendrick, 2010, D. argentenigera Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010, D. parvisexafurca Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010; Helcystogramma imagibicuneum sp. nov., H. flavifuscum sp. nov., H. brevinodium sp. nov., H. albilepidotum sp. nov., H. angustum sp. nov., H. flavistictum sp. nov., H. furvimaculare sp. nov., H. imagitrijunctum sp. nov. and H. rectangulum sp. nov.
Nine species are newly recorded for China:Dichomeris moriutii Ponomarenko et Ueda,2004 (published), D. tostella Stringer,1930, D. hoplocrates (Meyrick,1932); Helcystogramma bicuneum (Meyrick,1911),H. epicentra (Meyrick,1911), H. flavilineolella Ponomarenko,1998, H. perelegans (Omelko et Omelko,1993), H. fuscomarginatum Ueda,1995 and H. lutatella (Herrich-Schaffer, 1854).
The previously unknown females of the following 12 species are firstly described:Dichomeris gansuensis Li et Zheng,1996, D. ochreala Park el Hodges,1995, D. litoxyla Meyrick,1937, D. manticopodina Li et Zheng,1996, D.fuscusitis Li et Zheng,1996, D. neixiangensis Li et Wang,1999, D. amphichlora (Meyrick,1923), D. crambaleas (Meyrick,1913), D. lushanae Park et Hodges,1995; Helcystogramma epicentra (Meyrick,1911) and H. hassenzanensis Park et Hodges,1995.
Two new synonyms are established:Dichomeris ochreata Park et Hodges,1995 (=D. lativalvata Li et Zheng,1996 syn. nov.) and D. autometra (Meyrick,1934) (=D. nivalis Li et Zheng,1996 syn. nov.)
34 species groups of Dichomeris in China are included:the acuminata group, the rufumbrina group, the longijuxtella group, the rectifascia group, the ferrogra group, the gansuensis group, the oceanis group, the spicans group, the symmetrica group, the fungifera group, the simaoensis group, the apicispina group, the hamulifera group, the microsphena group, the fuscusitis group, the hoplocrates group, the christophi group, the loxospila group, the autometra group, the curvilobata group, the flavifasciaria group, the gracilifasciaria group, the largimacularis group, the okadai group, the hainanensis group, the heriguronis group, the pyrroschista group, the rasilella group, the cymatodes group, the japonicella group, the lushanae group, the oxycarpa group, the bimaculata group, the duplicornuta group. And five species groups of Helcystogramma in China are reported:the hibisci group, the trijunctum group, the flavilineolella group, the triannulella group and the perelegans group.
The distribution of species groups in both Dichomeris and Helcystogramma are primarily analyzed by maps, and the geographical distribution of all the Chinese Dichomeris species in both the world and the Chinese regions is listed by tables. The result shows that the Dichomeris species in China are mainly distributed in the Oriental Region, mostly occurring in the east part of this country, with species richness reducing gradually from south to north and from east to west. It is highly endemic at species level in China, with high diversity and the rare occurrence of the widespread species. The genus Helcystogramma in China is found mainly in the central and southern parts.
The keys to distinguish the known species groups and species in Dichomeris and Helcystogramma are provided respectively. Synonyms and citations of each taxon are listed; the detailed morphological characters, the available data on the geographical distribution and the host plants are included; the photographs of the adults, the male and female genitalia, the venation of some species in Dichomeris and the male eighth tergite in Helcystogramma are provided.
All the studied specimens, except stated otherwise, are deposited in the Insect Collection, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
引文
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