均匀向心型管束参数化设计及流场分析接口软件开发
摘要
作为汽轮机主要辅机的凝汽器,内部管束的排列合理与否将会对其换热效果产生重要影响。凝汽器一般属于单件小批生产,需根据用户要求做针对性设计设计周期应尽量短,而凝汽器管束排列设计工作量大,传统的人工计算和制图周期过长。另外,由于冷却管数量庞大,人工排管容易造成计数误差。管束排列完成后,需要进行流场分析,人工的网格划分将非常耗费时间。因此,开发出一套管束自动排列和流场分析接口软件系统将能很好地解决上述问题。
本文以AutoCAD2002为平台,以ObjectARX2002作为二次开发工具,在VisualC++6.0环境下开发出了一套均匀向心型管束排列和流场分析接口软件系统。
本文首先简明阐述了ObjectARX的原理和框架,对用户提供的凝汽器均匀向心型管束排列样图的组成要素进行了剖析,提取出了这些组成要素所需的底层函数,开发出了实现管束排列所需的绘图工具。
其次在明确用户需求的基础上,对管束排列和与STAR-CD流场分析的接口软件系统进行了总体规划,划分了三大功能,即管束排列功能、STAR-CD网格输出功能和参数存储功能。开发出了可以嵌入到AutoCAD系统的管束排列设计用户界面。针对管束排列提出了两种算法予以实现,一种是试凑法,另一种是基于Lingo与VC++结合的优化算法。
对STAR-CD的网格结构进行了解析,得出了STAR-CD网格划分方法和网格数据的存储格式,对凝汽器管束排列网格要求进行了分析,得出了管束排列网格自动划分的算法。
最后给出了使用该软件系统完成一张完整的管束排列图的步骤并给出了管束排列和网格划分实例,证明软件结构合理实用,完成了用户的要求。
As the main steam turbine's auxiliary, the arrangement of the tube of condenser has a major effect on heat transfer, and condenser's production is generally single and small batch and needed to do specific design according to user's requirements, so the design cycle should be as short as possible, while traditional condenser tube arrangement design takes a large amount of time to calculate and draft manually. In addition, because of large number of refrigeration tubes, to complete a piping diagram can cause errors. When tube arrangement is completed, flow field analysis is needed, and artificial mesh will be very time consuming. Software that can manipulate tube automated arrangement and flow analysis interface was developed to solve these problems.
Based on AutoCAD 2002 and ObjectARX 2002, well-distributed parameterization design tubes and the flow field analysis interface software system were developed. The principle of ObjectARX and framework were analyzed and references provided by the customer were resolved. Drawing classes and functions were prepared. Parameters of tube arrangement were extracted, the master plan software of tube was arranged under a clear of user demand, and three major functional modules were divided: tube bundle arrangement design, STAR-CD grid output and data storage.
The tube arrangement software function modules were arranged in a refined design decomposition, the arrangement of the two algorithms were summed up, one was based on trial and error, the other is based on Lingo, both of them could achieve the goals.
Grid structures of the STAR-CD and STAR-CD grid data storage format were obtained and the grid requirements for arrangement of condenser tubes were analyzed, and the algorithm for mesh of the tube arrangement was obtained. Design parameters were stored intelligently based on the ACCESS2003 and SQL language.
Finally, a full tube arrangement of the flow chart was completed; results showed that the software architecture proves reasonable and met with the customer's requirements.
本文以AutoCAD2002为平台,以ObjectARX2002作为二次开发工具,在VisualC++6.0环境下开发出了一套均匀向心型管束排列和流场分析接口软件系统。
本文首先简明阐述了ObjectARX的原理和框架,对用户提供的凝汽器均匀向心型管束排列样图的组成要素进行了剖析,提取出了这些组成要素所需的底层函数,开发出了实现管束排列所需的绘图工具。
其次在明确用户需求的基础上,对管束排列和与STAR-CD流场分析的接口软件系统进行了总体规划,划分了三大功能,即管束排列功能、STAR-CD网格输出功能和参数存储功能。开发出了可以嵌入到AutoCAD系统的管束排列设计用户界面。针对管束排列提出了两种算法予以实现,一种是试凑法,另一种是基于Lingo与VC++结合的优化算法。
对STAR-CD的网格结构进行了解析,得出了STAR-CD网格划分方法和网格数据的存储格式,对凝汽器管束排列网格要求进行了分析,得出了管束排列网格自动划分的算法。
最后给出了使用该软件系统完成一张完整的管束排列图的步骤并给出了管束排列和网格划分实例,证明软件结构合理实用,完成了用户的要求。
As the main steam turbine's auxiliary, the arrangement of the tube of condenser has a major effect on heat transfer, and condenser's production is generally single and small batch and needed to do specific design according to user's requirements, so the design cycle should be as short as possible, while traditional condenser tube arrangement design takes a large amount of time to calculate and draft manually. In addition, because of large number of refrigeration tubes, to complete a piping diagram can cause errors. When tube arrangement is completed, flow field analysis is needed, and artificial mesh will be very time consuming. Software that can manipulate tube automated arrangement and flow analysis interface was developed to solve these problems.
Based on AutoCAD 2002 and ObjectARX 2002, well-distributed parameterization design tubes and the flow field analysis interface software system were developed. The principle of ObjectARX and framework were analyzed and references provided by the customer were resolved. Drawing classes and functions were prepared. Parameters of tube arrangement were extracted, the master plan software of tube was arranged under a clear of user demand, and three major functional modules were divided: tube bundle arrangement design, STAR-CD grid output and data storage.
The tube arrangement software function modules were arranged in a refined design decomposition, the arrangement of the two algorithms were summed up, one was based on trial and error, the other is based on Lingo, both of them could achieve the goals.
Grid structures of the STAR-CD and STAR-CD grid data storage format were obtained and the grid requirements for arrangement of condenser tubes were analyzed, and the algorithm for mesh of the tube arrangement was obtained. Design parameters were stored intelligently based on the ACCESS2003 and SQL language.
Finally, a full tube arrangement of the flow chart was completed; results showed that the software architecture proves reasonable and met with the customer's requirements.
引文
[1]陈莉.节能减排政策与合肥科技创新环境分析[J].技术经济与管理研究.2010(5)：44-45.
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[3]张卓澄.大型电站凝汽器[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1993:1-2.
[4]安万辉.换热设备CAD技术及HECAD系统升级研究[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文.2005：3-11.
[5]李彦伟,蒋丹.电站凝汽器管板设计及其自动生成[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版).2010,36(4):343-344.
[6]孙春一.管壳式换热器CAD软件系统的设计[J].抚顺石油学院学报.1998,18(1)：38-40.
[7]陈家庆,宋金明.管壳式换热器的计算机辅助布管研究[J].工程图学学报.2004,(1)：1-5.
[8]边宝利.管束的参数化设计方法[J].应用能源技术.2007(4):42-43.
[9]郑刚,姜楠.世界各大公司表面式凝汽器的主要结构[J].电站辅机.2007,(4)：16-18.
[10]张世勇.凝汽器管束排列型式及设计准则[J].东方汽轮机.1992:10-16.
[11]王礼海,董爱华.东芝技术在我国大型电站凝汽器上的应用[J].汽轮机技术.2007,49(3)：173-174.
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[13]乔忠良,李霞.一种基于对象特征的CAD二次开发方法[J].山西煤炭,2000,20(2)：47-48.
[14]李小青.CAD软件二次开发方法及应用[J].机械研究与应用.2004,17(2)：64-65.
[15]童秉枢.试论CAO技术的发展[J].工程图学学报.1999(3):17-18.
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[17]李郁,陈定方.机械CAD在中国的发展现状及趋势[J].湖北工业大学学报.2006,21(3)：73-75.
[18]张磊,刘东学,杜刚.论机械CAD的应用现状及其发展趋势[J].机械设计与制造.2004(4)：104-106.
[19]Shah H. Assessment of features technology[J]. Computer Aided Design.1991, 23(5)：56-59.
[20]王青,邬义杰,夏冠华.三维CAD/CAM系统二次开发技术[J].电工技术与自动化.2001(4):184-185.
[21]曲宝胜,王晓丹.软件开发流程方法探析[J].电脑学习.2008(1):62-63
[22]陈定方,卢全国等.现代设计理论与方法[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社.2010：11-13.
[23]赵卫东,柳先辉,卫刚.CAD软件二次开发平台实现技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2003,15(4)：513-516.
[24]Tong Bingshu. The development of CAD technology[J]. Journal of Engineering Graphics,1999(3):18-22.
[25]Tong Shizhong, Li Ping. Secondary development is key points of obtaining actual effect for CAD[J]. Electronic Machinery En-gineering,1999(4): 34-38.
[26]Wang Yunpeng, Lei Yi, Pan Xiang, et al. Techniques of CAXA-EB application developmen[J]. Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics,2002,14(2):189-192.
[27]金建国,周明华,邬学军.参数化设计综述[J].计算机工程与应用.2003(3)：16-18.
[28]R B Wolfgang, E J Delp.Fragile Watermarking Using the VW2D Watermark[C].In:Proceeding of the SPIE/IS &T International Conference on Secu999-01:3657:25-27.
[29]Wenwu Zhu, Zixiang Xiong, Ya-Qin Zhang. Multiresolution Watermarking for Images and Video[J]. Tractions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE,1999(94):545-550.
[30]Loannis Fudos et al. Constraint-based parametric conics for CAD[J]. Computer Aided Design.1996:28(2):91-100.
[31]Nami Kin et al.Extensions in variational geometry that generate and modify object edges composed of rational Bezier curves[J]. Computer Aided Design. 1994:26(2):98-108.
[32]Rina Dechter et al. Tree Clustering for Constraint Networks[J]. Artificial Intelligence,1989(38):353-366.
[33]Timo Laakko et al. Incremental constraint modeling in a feature modeling system[J]. Eurographics 96.1996:15(3):367-376.
[34]Yaacov Her-Or et al. Relaxed parametric design with probabilistic constraints[J]. Computer Aided Design,1994:26(6):426-434.
[35]William Bouma et al. Geometric constraint solver[J]. Computer Aided Design,1995,27(6):487-501.
[36]Lin V C, Gossard D C, Light R A. Variation geometry in computer aided design[J]. Computer Graph,1981:153):171-177.
[37]LOANNIS FUDOS et al. A Graph-Contructive Approach to Solving Systems of Geometric Constraints[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics,1997:162): 179-216.
[38]谢洁飞.面向对象的管壳式换热器CAD系统研究[J].机械设计与制造.2003(4)69-70.
[39]H. Komoto, T. Tomiyama. Integration of a service CAD and a life cycle simulator[J]. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2008:57(9):9-12.
[40]Wu, Dongqing, Lu, Limei, Yang, Fengjian, Zhang, Chaolong. An algorithm for drawing tunnel based on ObjectARX[C].2010 IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Sciences, ICSESS 2010:242-244.
[41]Autodesk Ine.ObjeetARX Developer's Guide[M].1999.
[42]李长勋AutoCADobjectARX程序开发技术[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2005.
[43]AutoDesk, inc.ObjectARX Developer's Guide.2005.
[44]刘中柱,王爱玲.利用Object ARX自动生成标题栏和明细表[J].机械管理开发.2005(4)：77-78.
[45]张效伟.基于Object ARX的图纸设定方法的研究[J].机械工程与自动化.2010(3)： 38-40.
[46]李小伟,蒋寿伟,张辉.基于ObjectARX的二维图纸参数化改造[J].2004(2)：29-30.
[47]欧元贤,刘旺玉,刘其洪AutoCAD尺寸公差国标标注的二次开发.2002(2)：63-64.
[48]N.M.Durakbasa, P.H.Osanna, AfjehiSadat.A general approach to workPiece characterization in the frame Of GPS(Geometrical Product Specification and Verification) [J]. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture,2001, 41:2147-2151.
[49]吴兴远,莫小宝,李佳.高级语言与lingo混合编程解决复杂规划问题[J].软件导刊.2009,8(1)：73-74.
[2]黄树红.汽轮机原理[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008:5-6.
[3]张卓澄.大型电站凝汽器[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1993:1-2.
[4]安万辉.换热设备CAD技术及HECAD系统升级研究[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文.2005：3-11.
[5]李彦伟,蒋丹.电站凝汽器管板设计及其自动生成[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版).2010,36(4):343-344.
[6]孙春一.管壳式换热器CAD软件系统的设计[J].抚顺石油学院学报.1998,18(1)：38-40.
[7]陈家庆,宋金明.管壳式换热器的计算机辅助布管研究[J].工程图学学报.2004,(1)：1-5.
[8]边宝利.管束的参数化设计方法[J].应用能源技术.2007(4):42-43.
[9]郑刚,姜楠.世界各大公司表面式凝汽器的主要结构[J].电站辅机.2007,(4)：16-18.
[10]张世勇.凝汽器管束排列型式及设计准则[J].东方汽轮机.1992:10-16.
[11]王礼海,董爱华.东芝技术在我国大型电站凝汽器上的应用[J].汽轮机技术.2007,49(3)：173-174.
[12]李咏红.CAD二次开发方法研究与实现[D]成都：电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2004：6-7.
[13]乔忠良,李霞.一种基于对象特征的CAD二次开发方法[J].山西煤炭,2000,20(2)：47-48.
[14]李小青.CAD软件二次开发方法及应用[J].机械研究与应用.2004,17(2)：64-65.
[15]童秉枢.试论CAO技术的发展[J].工程图学学报.1999(3):17-18.
[16]彭嵩.CAD技术应用状况与发展趋势浅析[J].矿山机械.2005,33(2)：90-91.
[17]李郁,陈定方.机械CAD在中国的发展现状及趋势[J].湖北工业大学学报.2006,21(3)：73-75.
[18]张磊,刘东学,杜刚.论机械CAD的应用现状及其发展趋势[J].机械设计与制造.2004(4)：104-106.
[19]Shah H. Assessment of features technology[J]. Computer Aided Design.1991, 23(5)：56-59.
[20]王青,邬义杰,夏冠华.三维CAD/CAM系统二次开发技术[J].电工技术与自动化.2001(4):184-185.
[21]曲宝胜,王晓丹.软件开发流程方法探析[J].电脑学习.2008(1):62-63
[22]陈定方,卢全国等.现代设计理论与方法[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社.2010：11-13.
[23]赵卫东,柳先辉,卫刚.CAD软件二次开发平台实现技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2003,15(4)：513-516.
[24]Tong Bingshu. The development of CAD technology[J]. Journal of Engineering Graphics,1999(3):18-22.
[25]Tong Shizhong, Li Ping. Secondary development is key points of obtaining actual effect for CAD[J]. Electronic Machinery En-gineering,1999(4): 34-38.
[26]Wang Yunpeng, Lei Yi, Pan Xiang, et al. Techniques of CAXA-EB application developmen[J]. Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics,2002,14(2):189-192.
[27]金建国,周明华,邬学军.参数化设计综述[J].计算机工程与应用.2003(3)：16-18.
[28]R B Wolfgang, E J Delp.Fragile Watermarking Using the VW2D Watermark[C].In:Proceeding of the SPIE/IS &T International Conference on Secu999-01:3657:25-27.
[29]Wenwu Zhu, Zixiang Xiong, Ya-Qin Zhang. Multiresolution Watermarking for Images and Video[J]. Tractions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE,1999(94):545-550.
[30]Loannis Fudos et al. Constraint-based parametric conics for CAD[J]. Computer Aided Design.1996:28(2):91-100.
[31]Nami Kin et al.Extensions in variational geometry that generate and modify object edges composed of rational Bezier curves[J]. Computer Aided Design. 1994:26(2):98-108.
[32]Rina Dechter et al. Tree Clustering for Constraint Networks[J]. Artificial Intelligence,1989(38):353-366.
[33]Timo Laakko et al. Incremental constraint modeling in a feature modeling system[J]. Eurographics 96.1996:15(3):367-376.
[34]Yaacov Her-Or et al. Relaxed parametric design with probabilistic constraints[J]. Computer Aided Design,1994:26(6):426-434.
[35]William Bouma et al. Geometric constraint solver[J]. Computer Aided Design,1995,27(6):487-501.
[36]Lin V C, Gossard D C, Light R A. Variation geometry in computer aided design[J]. Computer Graph,1981:153):171-177.
[37]LOANNIS FUDOS et al. A Graph-Contructive Approach to Solving Systems of Geometric Constraints[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics,1997:162): 179-216.
[38]谢洁飞.面向对象的管壳式换热器CAD系统研究[J].机械设计与制造.2003(4)69-70.
[39]H. Komoto, T. Tomiyama. Integration of a service CAD and a life cycle simulator[J]. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2008:57(9):9-12.
[40]Wu, Dongqing, Lu, Limei, Yang, Fengjian, Zhang, Chaolong. An algorithm for drawing tunnel based on ObjectARX[C].2010 IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Sciences, ICSESS 2010:242-244.
[41]Autodesk Ine.ObjeetARX Developer's Guide[M].1999.
[42]李长勋AutoCADobjectARX程序开发技术[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2005.
[43]AutoDesk, inc.ObjectARX Developer's Guide.2005.
[44]刘中柱,王爱玲.利用Object ARX自动生成标题栏和明细表[J].机械管理开发.2005(4)：77-78.
[45]张效伟.基于Object ARX的图纸设定方法的研究[J].机械工程与自动化.2010(3)： 38-40.
[46]李小伟,蒋寿伟,张辉.基于ObjectARX的二维图纸参数化改造[J].2004(2)：29-30.
[47]欧元贤,刘旺玉,刘其洪AutoCAD尺寸公差国标标注的二次开发.2002(2)：63-64.
[48]N.M.Durakbasa, P.H.Osanna, AfjehiSadat.A general approach to workPiece characterization in the frame Of GPS(Geometrical Product Specification and Verification) [J]. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture,2001, 41:2147-2151.
[49]吴兴远,莫小宝,李佳.高级语言与lingo混合编程解决复杂规划问题[J].软件导刊.2009,8(1)：73-74.