基于网络编码的无线Ad Hoc网络路由技术研究
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摘要
随着通信技术的发展,移动自组网络得到了越来越广泛的应用,网络也在朝着大规模的方向发展。如何设计出一种高性能的分层路由协议是一个具有挑战性的任务,本文介绍了Ad Hoc网络中现有的路由协议,并针对分层Ad Hoc网络的特点提出了一种基于网络编码理论的路由方法CLGSR(Coding cLusterhead Gateway Switch Routing)。该方法将网络编码理论引入路由协议的设计,以提高网络性能。由于群内和群间的网络拓扑特点不同,结合不同的网络编码技术提出不同的群内和群间路由算法,群内路由算法通过监听发现在广播过程中的编码机会,而群间路由算法在路由发现过程中可以主动的发现编码机会,将其带入到路由抉择过程中。在OPNET10.5软件平台上对CLGSR协议进行了仿真,将储存转发方式和两种编码方式进行了对比。仿真结果表明,在吞吐量和时延等网络性能方面CLGSR要优于其余的方法。
With the development of the communication technology, the application of Mobile Self-organized Network is becoming more and more widely. At the same time, the network is developed to the large scale. How to design a well hierarchical Routing Protocol is a challenging task. In this paper, the existing Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Network are introduced. Then, considering the layered characteristics of Ad Hoc Networks, we proposed a Coding cLusterhead Gateway Switch Routing protocol, in which network coding theory is applied to improve network performance. As the difference in network topology between the Intra-cluster and Between-cluster,The intra-cluster routing algorithm found the opportunity to coding by listening in the process of broadcasting. The between-cluster routing algorithm can take the initiative to find opportunities for code in the routing discovery process. Simulations of the proposed routing protocols are completed by OPNET Modeler. Results show that the proposed CLGSR is superior to the traditional algorithms, and network coding explicitly improve the performance of network.
With the development of the communication technology, the application of Mobile Self-organized Network is becoming more and more widely. At the same time, the network is developed to the large scale. How to design a well hierarchical Routing Protocol is a challenging task. In this paper, the existing Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Network are introduced. Then, considering the layered characteristics of Ad Hoc Networks, we proposed a Coding cLusterhead Gateway Switch Routing protocol, in which network coding theory is applied to improve network performance. As the difference in network topology between the Intra-cluster and Between-cluster,The intra-cluster routing algorithm found the opportunity to coding by listening in the process of broadcasting. The between-cluster routing algorithm can take the initiative to find opportunities for code in the routing discovery process. Simulations of the proposed routing protocols are completed by OPNET Modeler. Results show that the proposed CLGSR is superior to the traditional algorithms, and network coding explicitly improve the performance of network.
引文
[1]李建东,盛敏.“移动自组织网络技术方案论证报告”.西安电子科技大学,2001年11月
[2] Z.J. Haas, M. R. Pearlman,“The performance of query control schemes for the zone routing protocol,”Proc. ACM SIGCOMM’98, Vancouver, BC, Sept. 1998, pp.167-177.
[3]陶少国,黄佳庆,杨宗凯,乔文博,熊志强“网络编码研究综述”,小型微型计算机系统,2008年4月第4期
[4]R. Ahlswede, N. Cai, S.Y.R. Li, R.W. Yeung, Network information flow, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 46 (4) (2000).
[5]D. Lun, N. Ratnakar, R. Koetter, Ef?cient operation of wireless packet networks using network coding, in: Proc. of The International Workshop on Convergent Technologies, 2005.
[6] D. Lun, N. Ratnakar, R. Koetter, M. Medard, E. Ahmed, H. Lee, Achieving minimum cost multicast: a decentralized approach based on network coding,in: Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM’05, 2005
[7] A. Ramamoorthy, J. Shi, R. Wesel, On the capacity of network coding for wireless networks, in: Proc. of 41st Annual Allerton Conference on Communication Control and Computing, 2003.
[8] Z. Li, B. Li, Network coding: the case for multiple unicast sessions, in: Proc. of Allerton Conference on Communications, 2005.
[9] J. Liu, D. Goeckel, D. Towsley, Bounds on the gain of network coding and broadcasting in wireless networks, in: Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM, 2007
[10] S. Katti, H. Rahul, W. Hu, D. Katabi, M. Medard, J. Crowcroft, XORs in the air:practical wireless network coding, in: Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM’06, September 2006.
[11] S. Sengupta, S. Rayanchu, S. Benerjee, An analysis of wireless network coding for unicast sessions: the case for code-aware routing, in: Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM’07, May 2007.
[12]C. Fragouli, J. Widmer, J.-Y.L. Boudec, A network coding approach to energy ef?cient broadcasting: from theory to practice, in: Proc. of IEEE Infocom’06,2006.
[13]Xiaowen Zhang,Hao Zhu,Jinsong Zhang,RANC: Relay-aided network coding in multi-hop wireless networks Computer Communications 32 (2009) pp:974–984
[14] S.Corson and J.Macker. Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET): Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations. Internet-Draft, Oct.1998.
[15] C. Santivanez, B. McDonald, I. Stavrakakis, R. Ramanathan,“On the scalability of ad hoc routing protocols”, IEEE INFOCOM'02, New York, June 2002.
[16] J. Broch, D.A.Maltz, et al.,“A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols”, Proc. of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, ACM, Dallas, TX,Oct.1998.
[17] Pasminimisra.“Routing protocol for Ad Hoc mobile wireless network [EB/OL]”. http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-99/adhoc-routing/index.html.
[18] C.E. Perkins, P.Bhagwat,“Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers,”Proc. ACM SIGCOMM’94, London, UK, Oct.1994, pp.234-244.
[19] S.Murthy, J.J. Carcia-Luna-Aceves,“An efficient routing protocol for wireless networks,”ACM/Baltzer Mobile Networks appl., Special issues on Routing in Mobile Communication Networks, Oct.1996, pp. 183-197.
[20] D.B. Hohnson, D.A. Maltz,“Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks,”Mobile Computing, edited by T. Imielinski and H.Korth, Chapter 5, Kluwer Publishing Company, 1996, pp.153-181.
[21] C.E. Perkins, E.M. Royer, et al.,“Ad hoc on demand distance vector(AODV) routing,”IETF Internet Draft, Nov.2001. http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-manet-aodv-09.txt.
[22] Xiaoyan Hong, Kaixin Xu, and Mario Gerla, Scalable Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE Network July/August 2002, pp.11-21.
[23]于弘毅,“无线移动自组网”,第一版,北京:人民邮电出版社,2005年.
[24] Petar Popovski ,Hiroyuki Yomo, Bi-directional Ampli?cation of Throughput in a Wireless Multi-Hop Network.
[25]Peter Larsson,Niklas Johansson,Kai-Erik Sunell,Coded Bi-directional Relaying.
[26] Sachin Katti, Hariharan Rahul, Wenjun Hu, Dina Katabi, Muriel Médard, XORs in the Air: Practical Wireless Network Coding. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, VOL. 16, NO. 3, JUNE 2008
[27]樊凯,李令雄,龙冬阳,“无线mesh网中网络编码感知的按需无线路由协议的研究”,通信学报,2009年1月,第30卷第1期.
[28]陈敏. OPNET网络仿真.北京,清华大学出版社, 2004.
[2] Z.J. Haas, M. R. Pearlman,“The performance of query control schemes for the zone routing protocol,”Proc. ACM SIGCOMM’98, Vancouver, BC, Sept. 1998, pp.167-177.
[3]陶少国,黄佳庆,杨宗凯,乔文博,熊志强“网络编码研究综述”,小型微型计算机系统,2008年4月第4期
[4]R. Ahlswede, N. Cai, S.Y.R. Li, R.W. Yeung, Network information flow, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 46 (4) (2000).
[5]D. Lun, N. Ratnakar, R. Koetter, Ef?cient operation of wireless packet networks using network coding, in: Proc. of The International Workshop on Convergent Technologies, 2005.
[6] D. Lun, N. Ratnakar, R. Koetter, M. Medard, E. Ahmed, H. Lee, Achieving minimum cost multicast: a decentralized approach based on network coding,in: Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM’05, 2005
[7] A. Ramamoorthy, J. Shi, R. Wesel, On the capacity of network coding for wireless networks, in: Proc. of 41st Annual Allerton Conference on Communication Control and Computing, 2003.
[8] Z. Li, B. Li, Network coding: the case for multiple unicast sessions, in: Proc. of Allerton Conference on Communications, 2005.
[9] J. Liu, D. Goeckel, D. Towsley, Bounds on the gain of network coding and broadcasting in wireless networks, in: Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM, 2007
[10] S. Katti, H. Rahul, W. Hu, D. Katabi, M. Medard, J. Crowcroft, XORs in the air:practical wireless network coding, in: Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM’06, September 2006.
[11] S. Sengupta, S. Rayanchu, S. Benerjee, An analysis of wireless network coding for unicast sessions: the case for code-aware routing, in: Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM’07, May 2007.
[12]C. Fragouli, J. Widmer, J.-Y.L. Boudec, A network coding approach to energy ef?cient broadcasting: from theory to practice, in: Proc. of IEEE Infocom’06,2006.
[13]Xiaowen Zhang,Hao Zhu,Jinsong Zhang,RANC: Relay-aided network coding in multi-hop wireless networks Computer Communications 32 (2009) pp:974–984
[14] S.Corson and J.Macker. Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET): Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations. Internet-Draft, Oct.1998.
[15] C. Santivanez, B. McDonald, I. Stavrakakis, R. Ramanathan,“On the scalability of ad hoc routing protocols”, IEEE INFOCOM'02, New York, June 2002.
[16] J. Broch, D.A.Maltz, et al.,“A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols”, Proc. of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, ACM, Dallas, TX,Oct.1998.
[17] Pasminimisra.“Routing protocol for Ad Hoc mobile wireless network [EB/OL]”. http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-99/adhoc-routing/index.html.
[18] C.E. Perkins, P.Bhagwat,“Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers,”Proc. ACM SIGCOMM’94, London, UK, Oct.1994, pp.234-244.
[19] S.Murthy, J.J. Carcia-Luna-Aceves,“An efficient routing protocol for wireless networks,”ACM/Baltzer Mobile Networks appl., Special issues on Routing in Mobile Communication Networks, Oct.1996, pp. 183-197.
[20] D.B. Hohnson, D.A. Maltz,“Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks,”Mobile Computing, edited by T. Imielinski and H.Korth, Chapter 5, Kluwer Publishing Company, 1996, pp.153-181.
[21] C.E. Perkins, E.M. Royer, et al.,“Ad hoc on demand distance vector(AODV) routing,”IETF Internet Draft, Nov.2001. http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-manet-aodv-09.txt.
[22] Xiaoyan Hong, Kaixin Xu, and Mario Gerla, Scalable Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE Network July/August 2002, pp.11-21.
[23]于弘毅,“无线移动自组网”,第一版,北京:人民邮电出版社,2005年.
[24] Petar Popovski ,Hiroyuki Yomo, Bi-directional Ampli?cation of Throughput in a Wireless Multi-Hop Network.
[25]Peter Larsson,Niklas Johansson,Kai-Erik Sunell,Coded Bi-directional Relaying.
[26] Sachin Katti, Hariharan Rahul, Wenjun Hu, Dina Katabi, Muriel Médard, XORs in the Air: Practical Wireless Network Coding. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, VOL. 16, NO. 3, JUNE 2008
[27]樊凯,李令雄,龙冬阳,“无线mesh网中网络编码感知的按需无线路由协议的研究”,通信学报,2009年1月,第30卷第1期.
[28]陈敏. OPNET网络仿真.北京,清华大学出版社, 2004.