滇东南峰丛洼地土壤重金属含量、来源及潜在生态风险评价
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摘要
为全面了解云南东南部峰丛洼地地区土壤重金属的污染特征及生态风险状况,采用网格化方法采集旱地和水田表层土样共199个,测定其Cd、As、Hg、Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni含量.分别采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数(RI)法评价土壤重金属污染和潜在生态风险程度,应用聚类分析和绝对主成分分数/多元线性回归(APCS/MLR)法对重金属的来源及贡献大小进行分析.结果表明,土壤Cd、Hg、Cr、Ni和Zn出现不同程度的富集,分别达云南背景值的16. 00、7. 29、1. 46、1. 45和2. 39倍;土壤重金属平均RI为1 039. 3,属于重度生态风险水平,Hg和Cd是主要的生态风险因子;多元统计分析表明,重金属主要有4个来源:化石燃料燃烧(源1)、交通运输(源2)、自然背景(源3)和农业生产(源4),Cd、Cr和Ni的来源以源1为主,Pb和Zn的主要来源为源2,Cu主要受源3控制(贡献率77. 86%),源4为Hg的主导来源(70. 37%),源1和源4对As的贡献率分别为46. 71%、49. 46%.
The pollution characteristics,sources,and ecological risk of heavy metals in farmland soils were studied in a peak-cluster depression area southeast of Yunnan Province. In total,199 topsoil samples were collected using the grid method and contents of eight heavy metals( As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Ni,Zn,and Hg) were determined. The geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index( RI) were used to evaluate soil pollution levels and potential ecological risks,respectively. The absolute principal component scores-multivariate linear regression( APCS-MLR) model and cluster analysis were used to identify the pollution sources and apportion the heavy metals in the soils. The results show that the mean content of Cd,Hg,Cr,Ni,and Zn was higher than their respective background values,exceeding them by up to 16. 00,7. 29,1. 46,1. 45,and 2. 39 times,respectively. No evidence of the occurrence of other metals was found. The average RI was 1 039. 3,which represents a high potential ecological risk,with Cd and Hg being the most crucial elements. The APCS-MLR model revealed that natural sources( PC1),traffic sources( PC2),fossil fuel combustion sources( PC3),and agricultural sources( PC4) were the four main contributors of soil heavy metals. The primary source of Cd,Cr,and Ni was PC1,while PC2 was the main source of Pb and Zn. PC3 and PC4 were the main sources of Cu and Hg with contribution rates of 77. 86% and 70. 37%,respectively. The main sources of As were PC1( 46. 71%) and PC4( 49. 46%).
The pollution characteristics,sources,and ecological risk of heavy metals in farmland soils were studied in a peak-cluster depression area southeast of Yunnan Province. In total,199 topsoil samples were collected using the grid method and contents of eight heavy metals( As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Ni,Zn,and Hg) were determined. The geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index( RI) were used to evaluate soil pollution levels and potential ecological risks,respectively. The absolute principal component scores-multivariate linear regression( APCS-MLR) model and cluster analysis were used to identify the pollution sources and apportion the heavy metals in the soils. The results show that the mean content of Cd,Hg,Cr,Ni,and Zn was higher than their respective background values,exceeding them by up to 16. 00,7. 29,1. 46,1. 45,and 2. 39 times,respectively. No evidence of the occurrence of other metals was found. The average RI was 1 039. 3,which represents a high potential ecological risk,with Cd and Hg being the most crucial elements. The APCS-MLR model revealed that natural sources( PC1),traffic sources( PC2),fossil fuel combustion sources( PC3),and agricultural sources( PC4) were the four main contributors of soil heavy metals. The primary source of Cd,Cr,and Ni was PC1,while PC2 was the main source of Pb and Zn. PC3 and PC4 were the main sources of Cu and Hg with contribution rates of 77. 86% and 70. 37%,respectively. The main sources of As were PC1( 46. 71%) and PC4( 49. 46%).
引文
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[2]洪涛,谢运球,覃星铭,等.黔西北土壤-植被系统元素地球化学特征及其生态关系[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(10):890-896.Hong T,Xie Y Q,Qin X M,et al. Geochemical characteristics and ecological interaction of earth elements in the soil-plant system in northwest Guizhou province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(10):890-896.
[3]陈秀端,卢新卫.基于受体模型与地统计的城市居民区土壤重金属污染源解析[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2513-2521.Chen X D,Lu X W. Source apportionment of soil heavy metals in city residential areas based on the receptor model and geostatistics[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(6):2513-2521.
[4]周艳,陈樯,邓绍坡,等.西南某铅锌矿区农田土壤重金属空间主成分分析及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2884-2892.Zhou Y,Chen Q,Deng S P,et al. Principal component analysis and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland soils around a Pb-Zn mine in southwestern China[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2884-2892.
[5]张倩,陈宗娟,彭昌盛,等.大港工业区土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4232-4240.Zhang Q,Chen Z J,Peng C S,et al. Heavy metals pollution in topsoil from Dagang industry area and its ecological risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(11):4232-4240.
[6]宗庆霞,窦磊,侯青叶,等.基于土地利用类型的土壤重金属区域生态风险评价:以珠江三角洲经济区为例[J].地球科学进展,2017,32(8):875-884.Zong Q X,Dou L,Hou Q Y,et al. Regional ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals in Pearl River Delta economic zone based on different land uses[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2017,32(8):875-884.
[7]李飞,黄瑾辉,李雪,等.基于随机模糊理论的土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价及溯源分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(4):1233-1240.Li F, Huang J H, Li X, et al. Potential ecological risk assessment based on stochastic-fuzzy simulation for soils and pollution source identification[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(4):1233-1240.
[8]龙海洋,王维生,韦月越,等.矿区周边土壤中重金属形态分析及污染风险评价[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2016,41(5):1676-1682.Long H Y,Wang W S,Wei Y Y,et al. Speciation analysis and pollution risk assessment of heavy metals in the soils surrounding mine area[J]. Journal of Guangxi University(Natural Science Edition),2016,41(5):1676-1682.
[9]李春芳,曹见飞,吕建树,等.不同土地利用类型土壤重金属生态风险与人体健康风险[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):5628-5638.Li C F,Cao J F,Lv J S,et al. Ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals for different types of land use and evaluation of human health[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(12):5628-5638.
[10]卢鑫,胡文友,黄标,等.基于UNMIX模型的矿区周边农田土壤重金属源解析[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1421-1429.Lu X,Hu W Y,Huang B,et al. Source apportionment of heavy metals in farmland soils around mining area based on UNMIX model[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(3):1421-1429.
[11]张凤太,张军以,苏维词.喀斯特峰丛洼地农业生产活动的景观效应初探[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):191-195.Zhang F T,Zhang J Y,Su W C. Preliminary research for the influence of agricultural production activities on the landscape in karst peak-cluster[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(4):191-195.
[12]谢代兴,杨杨,苏春田,等.滇东南石灰土重金属超标程度及潜在生态危害评价:以三迭系至寒武系地层土壤为例[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(1):162-166.Xie D X,Yang Y,Su C T,et al. Degree of excessive heavy metals of calcareous soil and evaluation of potential ecological hazard in southeast Yunnan:A case study on stratum of soil from Triassic to Cambrian[J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(1):1622-166.
[13] Muller G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J]. Geo Journal,1969,2:108-118.
[14]王斐,黄益宗,王小玲,等.江西钨矿周边土壤重金属生态风险评价:不同评价方法的比较?[J].环境化学,2015,34(2):225-233.Wang F, Huang Y Z, Wang X L, et al. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surrounding soils of tungsten ores:Comparison of different evaluation methods[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(2):225-233.
[15]史静,张乃明.云南设施土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].云南农业大学学报,2010,25(6):862-867.Shi J,Zhang N M. The Distributing character of heavy metals and its pollution estimate in greenhouse soils of Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2010,25(6):862-867.
[16]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.XU Z Q,Ni S J,Tuo X G,et al. Calculation of heavy metals'toxicity coefficient in the evaluation of potential ecological risk Index[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2008,31(2):112-115.
[17]李丽辉,王宝禄.云南省土壤As、Cd元素地球化学特征[J].物探与化探,2008,32(5):497-501.Li L H,Wang B L. Geochemical characteristics of As and Cd in soils of Yunnan Province[J]. Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2008,32(5):497-501.
[18] GB 15618-2018,土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S].
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