基于光纤测温技术的城市地表温度精细化分析
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摘要
城市景观空间构型与热岛效应关联性较强,研究高时空分辨率的城市不同下垫面地表温度变化,可以更加精细地掌握城市热环境的时空特征。光纤温度传感系统具有实时在线、测温精度高和不受电磁干扰等优点,具备实时、在线、连续开展城市地表温度在线监测的能力。在北京市通州某园区内,选择有太阳辐射的4个时段,对多种类型下垫面的地表温度进行了时间间隔为1 min、空间间隔为1 m的连续4 h、总长度为100 m的实时在线监测。通过对监测时间段内不同类型下垫面地表温度的变化分析,发现这种分布式光纤测温系统能够有效辨识小尺度下地表温度的时间变化性和空间变化性,能有效区分透水和不透水地面,并监测和评估沥青马路地表温度的升温速率以及遮荫效果对地表温度的降温作用。同时,这种监测模式获取的数据能够对地表温度空间序列开展自相关分析,进一步验证了地表温度空间序列在较小尺度上仍然具有自相关性,且距离越近,相关性越大。研究同时表明,光纤测温技术能直接地获取城市热环境的现场真实数据,可以有效应用于小尺度城市热环境的观测与研究。
The spatial configuration of the urban landscape is highly correlated with the heat island effect. By studying the land surface temperature(LST) of different underlying surfaces with high spatial and temporal resolution, we can grasp the temporal and spatial characteristics of the urban thermal environment more accurately. The optical fiber temperature sensing system has the advantages of real-time and high measurement accuracy and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and can monitor the LST in real time and continuously. In a park in Tongzhou, Beijing, four periods with solar radiation were selected, and the LST of various types of underlying surfaces was recorded in four consecutive hours with 1-minute time interval and 1-meter space interval, and the total length was 100 m. By analyzing the changes of LST of different underlying surface, it′s proved that this distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system can effectively identify temporal and spatial variability of LST on a small scale, distinguish between permeable and impervious grounds, monitor the heating rate of the surface temperature of asphalt road, and evaluate the cooling effect of shading on LST. At the same time, data obtained by this monitoring mode enables autocorrelation analysis of LST spatial sequence. The results verified that the LST spatial sequence still has autocorrelation on a small scale, and the closer the distance, the higher the correlation level. Simultaneously, it is confirmed by this practice that the optical fiber temperature measurement technology can be effectively applied to the observation and research of small-scale urban thermal environment.
The spatial configuration of the urban landscape is highly correlated with the heat island effect. By studying the land surface temperature(LST) of different underlying surfaces with high spatial and temporal resolution, we can grasp the temporal and spatial characteristics of the urban thermal environment more accurately. The optical fiber temperature sensing system has the advantages of real-time and high measurement accuracy and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and can monitor the LST in real time and continuously. In a park in Tongzhou, Beijing, four periods with solar radiation were selected, and the LST of various types of underlying surfaces was recorded in four consecutive hours with 1-minute time interval and 1-meter space interval, and the total length was 100 m. By analyzing the changes of LST of different underlying surface, it′s proved that this distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system can effectively identify temporal and spatial variability of LST on a small scale, distinguish between permeable and impervious grounds, monitor the heating rate of the surface temperature of asphalt road, and evaluate the cooling effect of shading on LST. At the same time, data obtained by this monitoring mode enables autocorrelation analysis of LST spatial sequence. The results verified that the LST spatial sequence still has autocorrelation on a small scale, and the closer the distance, the higher the correlation level. Simultaneously, it is confirmed by this practice that the optical fiber temperature measurement technology can be effectively applied to the observation and research of small-scale urban thermal environment.
引文
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[24] 张昌顺,谢高地,鲁春霞,刘春兰,李娜,王硕,孙艳芝.北京城市绿地对热岛效应的缓解作用.资源科学,2015,37(6):1156- 1165.
[25] 王帅帅,陈颖彪,千庆兰,谢锦鹏.城市公园对城市热岛的影响及三维分析——以广州市主城区为例.生态环境学报,2014,23(11):1792- 1798.
[26] 韩筱婕.基于城市热岛减缓的湖泊湿地景观功能连通性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[2] 肖荣波,欧阳志云,李伟峰,张兆明,Gregory T J,王效科,苗鸿.城市热岛的生态环境效应.生态学报,2005,25(08):2055- 2060.
[3] 刘焱序,彭建,王仰麟.城市热岛效应与景观格局的关联:从城市规模,景观组分到空间构型.生态学报,2017,37(23):7769- 7780.
[4] Voogt J A,Oke T R.Thermal remote sensing of urban climates.Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,86(3):370- 384.
[5] 姚远,陈曦,钱静.城市地表热环境研究进展.生态学报,2018,38(03):1134- 1147.
[6] 陈爱莲,孙然好,陈利顶.基于景观格局的城市热岛研究进展.生态学报,2012,32(14):4553- 4565.
[7] 孙铁钢,肖荣波,蔡云楠,王耀武,吴昌广.城市热环境定量评价技术研究进展及发展趋势.应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2717- 2728.
[8] Ooka R.Recent development of assessment tools for urban climate and heat-island investigation especially based on experiences in Japan.International Journal of Climatology,2007,27(14):1919- 1930.
[9] 饶峻荃.广州地区街区尺度热环境与热舒适度评价[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.
[10] 杨英宝,李小龙,曹晨.多尺度城市地表温度降尺度方法.测绘科学,2017,42(10):73- 79.
[11] 孟翔晨,历华,杜永明,曹彪,柳钦火,李彬.Landsat 8地表温度反演及验证——以黑河流域为例.遥感学报,2018,22(05):857- 871.
[12] 刘霞,王春林,景元书,麦博儒.4种城市下垫面地表温度年变化特征及其模拟分析.热带气象学报,2011,27(3):373- 378.
[13] 杨雅君,邹振东,赵文利,邱国玉.6种城市下垫面热环境效应对比研究.北京大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(5):881- 889.
[14] Song J,Du S,Feng X,Guo L.The relationships between landscape compositions and land surface temperature:Quantifying their resolution sensitivity with spatial regression models.Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,123:145- 157.
[15] Weng Q,Lu D,Schubring J.Estimation of land surface temperature-vegetation abundance relationship for urban heat island studies.Remote sensing of Environment,2004,89(4):467- 483.
[16] 戴晓燕,张利权,过仲阳,吴健平,栗小东,朱燕玲.上海城市热岛效应形成机制及空间格局.生态学报,2009,29(7):3995- 4004.
[17] 卢有朋.城市街区空间形态对热岛效应的影响研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2018.
[18] 廖延彪.光纤传感技术对工业发展的促进作用.物理,2003,32(09):604- 608.
[19] 刘学君,袁碧贤,卢浩,吴艳元,钟少龙,戴波.地源热泵中光纤光栅土壤温度监测系统研究.自动化仪表,2018,39(08):52- 55.
[20] 于庆.分布式光纤测温技术在煤矿中的应用.工矿自动化,2012,38(04):5- 8.
[21] 彭超,赵健康,苗付贵.分布式光纤测温技术在线监测电缆温度.高电压技术,2006,(08):43- 45.
[22] 邵嫄琴.分布式光纤温度传感器校准中参考温度的研究[D].杭州:中国计量学院,2013.
[23] 陈声海,魏信,王修信,朱启疆.小区地表温度与下垫面结构关系研究.国土资源遥感,2009,2009(3):49- 53.
[24] 张昌顺,谢高地,鲁春霞,刘春兰,李娜,王硕,孙艳芝.北京城市绿地对热岛效应的缓解作用.资源科学,2015,37(6):1156- 1165.
[25] 王帅帅,陈颖彪,千庆兰,谢锦鹏.城市公园对城市热岛的影响及三维分析——以广州市主城区为例.生态环境学报,2014,23(11):1792- 1798.
[26] 韩筱婕.基于城市热岛减缓的湖泊湿地景观功能连通性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.