现代分子生物学技术在环境污染责任鉴定中的潜在应用价值
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摘要
随着新《环境保护法》的实施和推进,环境污染治理取得了新的进展。环境执法部门对污染企业的查处更严格,对环境污染受害者的权益保障更重视。虽然法律明确了企业在污染问题上所必须承担的相应的法定经济责任,但是污染受害者在健康损伤举证上遇到不少问题,特别是对于潜在发生的身体损伤无法得到合理鉴定。通常情况下潜在发生的一些损伤属于疾病发生的前体状态,很难在临床医学中得到确诊,无法纳入法律规定的惩罚范围内,这些问题给环境污染追责造成很大困扰。在现代分子生物学技术快速发展中,对疾病早期诊断和鉴别有了重大突破,特别是表观遗传学基因甲基化的研究可为污染物暴露引起的相关疾病早期诊断提供有力证据。这些分子生物学方法能为相关的环境污染责任认定提供参考。
With the advancement of the new environmental protection law, new progress has been made in environmental pollution control. Environmental law enforcement departments were stricter in investigating and punishing polluting enterprises, and pay more attention to the protection of the rights and interests of the victims of environmental pollution. Although the law clarified the corresponding legal and economic responsibilities that enterprises must bear on pollution issues, the victims of pollution encountered many problems in the proof of health damage, especially for potential physical injury can not be reasonably identified. Usually, some potential injuries belong to the precursor state of disease occurrence, which was difficult to be diagnosed in clinical medicine and can not be included in the scope of punishment prescribed by law. These problems caused great trouble to environmental pollution accountability. With the rapid development of modern molecular biology technology, great breakthroughs have been made in early diagnosis and identification of diseases, especially in epigenetic gene methylation, which can provide strong evidence for early diagnosis of related diseases caused by pollutant exposure. These molecular biological methods can provide reference for the identification of environmental pollution liability.
With the advancement of the new environmental protection law, new progress has been made in environmental pollution control. Environmental law enforcement departments were stricter in investigating and punishing polluting enterprises, and pay more attention to the protection of the rights and interests of the victims of environmental pollution. Although the law clarified the corresponding legal and economic responsibilities that enterprises must bear on pollution issues, the victims of pollution encountered many problems in the proof of health damage, especially for potential physical injury can not be reasonably identified. Usually, some potential injuries belong to the precursor state of disease occurrence, which was difficult to be diagnosed in clinical medicine and can not be included in the scope of punishment prescribed by law. These problems caused great trouble to environmental pollution accountability. With the rapid development of modern molecular biology technology, great breakthroughs have been made in early diagnosis and identification of diseases, especially in epigenetic gene methylation, which can provide strong evidence for early diagnosis of related diseases caused by pollutant exposure. These molecular biological methods can provide reference for the identification of environmental pollution liability.
引文
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[14] De Prins S, Koppen G, Jacobs G, et al. Influence of ambient air pollution on global DNA methylation in healthy adults:A seasonal follow-up[J]. Environment International, 2013, 59:418-424.
[15]王菲菲，王先良，吕占禄，等.典型环境污染物的表观遗传学损伤[J].毒理学杂志，2015,29(1):66-70.
[2] Larsson L, Castilho R M, Giannobile W V. Epigenetics and its role in periodontal diseases:a state-of-the-art review[J].Journal of Periodontology, 2014, 21(4):1-18.
[3]王灿发.新《环境保护法》实施情况评估报告[M].北京：中国政法大学出版社，2016.
[4]朱玉贤.现代分子生物学[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2013.
[5] Ziller M J, Gu H, Müller F, et al. Charting a dynamic DNA methylation landscape of the human genome[J]. Nature, 2013,500(7463):477-481.
[6]吕占禄，王先良，钱岩，等.表观遗传学机制与空气污染的健康效应[J].生态毒理学报，2015,10(4):17-24.
[7] Lokody I. Epigenetics:Senescent cells:Poised for cancer[J].Nature Reviews Cancer, 2014, 14(1):11-11.
[8] Pairon JC, Jaurand AMC. P16INKGA inactivation mechanisms in non. small-cell lung cancer patients occupationally exposed to asbestos[J]. Lung Cancer, 2010, 67(1):23-30.
[9] Hu J, Ma H, Zhang W, et al. Effects of benzene and its metabolites on global DNA methylation in human normal hepatic L02cells[J]. Environmental Toxicology, 2014, 29(1):108-116.
[10] Kohli M, Rago C, Lengauer C, et al. Facile methods for generating human somatic cell gene knockouts using recom binant adeno-associated viruses[J]. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004Jan 2, 32(1):e3.
[11] Liesbeth Van Wesenbeeck, Leen Janssens, Hanne Meeuws,et al."Droplt digital PCR is an accurate method to assess methylation status on FFPE samples"[J]. Epigenetics, 2018,13(3):207-213.
[12]廖萍，刘茶珍，罗全勇，等.甲状腺癌患者血DNA甲基化分子标志物[J].环境与职业医学，2012,29(2):77-82.
[13] Hew K M, Walker A I, Kohli A, et al. Childhood ex posure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is linked to epigenetic modifications and impaired systemic immunity in T cell[J].Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 2014, 22(11):85-91.
[14] De Prins S, Koppen G, Jacobs G, et al. Influence of ambient air pollution on global DNA methylation in healthy adults:A seasonal follow-up[J]. Environment International, 2013, 59:418-424.
[15]王菲菲，王先良，吕占禄，等.典型环境污染物的表观遗传学损伤[J].毒理学杂志，2015,29(1):66-70.