某废弃铅冶炼场地周边蔬菜重金属污染水平及来源解析
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摘要
于某废弃铅冶炼场地周边菜地采集69份蔬菜样品,通过测定蔬菜样品中的As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb含量评价重金属污染水平,并对污染来源进行解析。结果表明,萝卜中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb的整体水平分别为0.040、0.022、0.359、0.003、0.220mg/kg;白菜中的整体水平分别为0.026、0.022、0.307、0.004、0.158mg/kg;大葱中的整体水平分别为0.014、0.017、0.204、0.002、0.104mg/kg,蔬菜样品中Cr、Pb存在超过《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2017)限值的现象,超标率分别为17.65%～46.15%、3.85%～86.77%;蔬菜中5种重金属的富集系数为Cd>Hg>Pb>Cr>As,蔬菜中Cr、Pb为中度或重度污染,其中白菜比萝卜和大葱更易受到污染;工业排放源是周边地区蔬菜重金属含量的主要来源,其对萝卜、白菜和大葱重金属的贡献率分别为65.4%、35.5%、97.3%。
69 vegetable samples were taken from the vegetable fields around abandoned lead smelting site.The contents of As,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb in vegetables were measured to evaluate heavy metal pollution level in vegetables,and the pollution source was apportionment.The results indicated that mean values of As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb contents in radish were 0.040,0.022,0.359,0.003,0.220 mg/kg respectively,in cabbage were 0.026,0.022,0.307,0.004,0.158 mg/kg respectively,and in onion were 0.014,0.017,0.204,0.002,0.104 mg/kg respectively.There were parts of the vegetable sample exceeded the Cr and Pb acceptable value of "National food safety standard Maximum levels of contaminants in foods"(GB 2762-2017),with the over-limit rates were 17.65%-46.15%,3.85%-86.77%,respectively.The enrichment degree of heavy metals in vegetables were rather different,with the order was Cd>Hg>Pb>Cr>As.Cd and Pb in vegetables were heavily or moderately polluted,cabbage were most likely polluted by heavy metals than radish and onion.Industrial emission was the main source of vegetables' heavy metals,its contribution to heavy metal pollution in radish,cabbage and onion were 65.4%,35.5% and 97.3%,respectively.
69 vegetable samples were taken from the vegetable fields around abandoned lead smelting site.The contents of As,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb in vegetables were measured to evaluate heavy metal pollution level in vegetables,and the pollution source was apportionment.The results indicated that mean values of As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb contents in radish were 0.040,0.022,0.359,0.003,0.220 mg/kg respectively,in cabbage were 0.026,0.022,0.307,0.004,0.158 mg/kg respectively,and in onion were 0.014,0.017,0.204,0.002,0.104 mg/kg respectively.There were parts of the vegetable sample exceeded the Cr and Pb acceptable value of "National food safety standard Maximum levels of contaminants in foods"(GB 2762-2017),with the over-limit rates were 17.65%-46.15%,3.85%-86.77%,respectively.The enrichment degree of heavy metals in vegetables were rather different,with the order was Cd>Hg>Pb>Cr>As.Cd and Pb in vegetables were heavily or moderately polluted,cabbage were most likely polluted by heavy metals than radish and onion.Industrial emission was the main source of vegetables' heavy metals,its contribution to heavy metal pollution in radish,cabbage and onion were 65.4%,35.5% and 97.3%,respectively.
引文
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[22] TANG S,WANG L,FENG X,et al.Actual mercury speciation and mercury discharges from coal-fired power plants in Inner Mongolia,Northern China[J].Fuel,2016,180:194-204.
[23]王姣，王效科，张红星，等．北京市城区两个典型站点PM2.5浓度和元素组成差异研究[J]．环境科学学报，2012,32(1):74-80.
[24]姚晓飞，周岩梅，于晓华，等．南沙河表层沉积物重金属污染评价及来源解析[J]．环境科学与技术，2011,34(12):197-200.
[2] LIM H S,LEE J S,CHON H T,et al.Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine in Korea[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2008,96(2/3):223-230.
[3] CAI L M,XU Z C,QI J Y,et al.Assessment of exposure to heavy metals and health risks among residents near Tonglushan mine in Hubei,China[J].Chemosphere,2015,127:127-135.
[4]方凤满，汪琳琳，谢宏芳，等．芜湖市三山区蔬菜中重金属富集特征及健康风险评价[J]．农业环境科学学报，2010,29(8):1471-1476.
[5] YANG L,HUANG B,HU W,et al.The impact of greenhouse vegetable farming duration and soil types on phytoavailability of heavy metals and their health risk in eastern China[J].Chemosphere,2014,103:121-130.
[6] SPURGEON D J,LAWLOR A,HOOPER H L,et al.Outdoor and indoor cadmium distributions near an abandoned smelting works and their relations to human exposure[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(12):3425-3432.
[7] JI K,KIM J,LEE M,et al.Assessment of exposure to heavy metals and health risks among residents near abandoned metal mines in Goseong,Korea[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,178:322-328.
[8] YAN N,LIU W,XIE H,et al.Distribution and assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yellow River,China[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2016,39:45-51.
[9] YI Q,DOU X D,HUANG Q R,et al.Pollution characteristics of Pb,Zn,As,Cd in the Bijiang River[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:43-52.
[10] SHI G,ZENG F,LI X,et al.Estimated contributions and uncertainties of PCA/MLR-CMB results:source apportionment for synthetic and ambient datasets[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(17):2811-2819.
[11] SHI G,LIU G,PENG X,et al.A comparison of multiple combined models for source apportionment,including the PCA/MLR-CMB,Unmix-CMB and PMF-CMB models[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2014,14:2040-2050.
[12]郭朝晖，肖细元，陈同斌，等．湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染[J]．地理学报，2008,63(1):3-11.
[13]中国环境监测总站．中国土壤元素背景值[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1990.
[14] ZHANG K,CHAI F,ZHENG Z,et al.Characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-ZhuTan city clusters,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2014,26(1):147-153.
[15] YANG Y,CHEN W,WANG M,et al.Regional accumulation characteristics of cadmium in vegetables:influencing factors,transfer model and indication of soil threshold content[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,219:1036-1043.
[16]邹天森，张金良，陈昱，等．中国部分城市空气环境铅含量及分布研究[J]．中国环境科学，2015,35(1):23-32.
[17] ZHU B,CHEN Y,HUA P J.Lead isotope geochemistry of the urban environment in the Pearl River Delta[J].Applied Geochemistry,2001,16(4):409-417.
[18] PUNETHA D,TEWARI G,PANDE C,et al.Investigation on heavy metal content in common grown vegetables from polluted sites of Moradabad district,India[J].Journal Indian Chemical Society,2015,92(1):97-103.
[19]蒋成爱，吴启堂，陈杖榴．土壤中砷污染研究进展[J]．土壤，2004,36(3):264-270.
[20] AL RAJHI M A,SEAWARD M R D,AL AAMER A S.Metal levels in indo or and outdo or dust in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia[J].Environment International,1996,22(3):315-324.
[21]朱伟，边博，阮爱东．镇江城市道路沉积物中重金属污染的来源分析[J]．环境科学，2007,28(7):1584-1589.
[22] TANG S,WANG L,FENG X,et al.Actual mercury speciation and mercury discharges from coal-fired power plants in Inner Mongolia,Northern China[J].Fuel,2016,180:194-204.
[23]王姣，王效科，张红星，等．北京市城区两个典型站点PM2.5浓度和元素组成差异研究[J]．环境科学学报，2012,32(1):74-80.
[24]姚晓飞，周岩梅，于晓华，等．南沙河表层沉积物重金属污染评价及来源解析[J]．环境科学与技术，2011,34(12):197-200.